• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate an occurrence of valgus deformity of ankle joint after vascularized fibular graft in children. Materials and Methods : Four children under 15 years who were surgically treated with vascularized fibular graft were studied. The age of the patients was from 4 years to 13 years, the follow-up period was from 24 months to 108 months. The causes of vascularized fibular graft were open fracture (1 case), congenital psuedarthrosis (2 cases), hypoplastic ulna (1 case). The tibiofibular synostosis was done in 3 cases and not in 1 case. We measured the tibiotalar angle and bimalleolar angle at immediately postoperative and final radiography, and checked ankle motion, pain, and instability of ankle joint. Results : The A-P mortise angle was not different between initial and final radiography in all cases. The intermalleolar angle increased in all cases at the final radiography. There were no pain, instability and limitation of ankle motion. Conclusion: We consider the tibiofibular synostosis can prevent from ankle valgus deformity after vascularized fibular graft in children.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in the muscle activation of the quadriceps muscle (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis) during the stand-to-sit (StandTS) movement according to the plantar flexion angle of the ankle joint. Methods: A total of 22 healthy young females participated in this study. During the StandTS under the three conditions (plantarflexion angle 0°, 20°, and 45° of the ankle), electromyography (EMG) data (% maximum voluntary iso¬metric contraction) of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis were recorded using a wireless surface EMG system. Results: There was a significant difference in the muscle activation of rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis according to the plantar flexion angle (0°, 20°, and 45°) of the ankle. The muscle activation of the quadriceps was the highest at a 45° angle of plantarflexion and the lowest at 0°. One-way repeated ANOVA was used to analyze the muscle activation data of the lower extremity muscles according to the angle of the ankle joint. Conclusion: Based on the results of our study, it was confirmed that the muscle activity of the quadriceps can be increased even in the StandTS movement, which involves the eccentric contraction of the quadriceps muscle. This suggests that maintaining a plantar flexion posture for a long time, say by wearing high-heeled shoes, can quickly cause muscle fatigue in the lower-limb muscles, which can cause a decrease in balance ability leading to falls.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate the kinematic gait parameter of lower extremities with different gait conditions (level walking, stair, ramp) in hemiplegic patients. Methods: Ten hemiplegic patients participated in this study and kinematic data were measured using a 3D motion analysis system (LUKOtronic AS202, Lutz-kovacs-Electronics, Innsbruk, Austria). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way repeated measure of ANOVA in order to determine the difference of lower extremity angle at each gait phase with different gait conditions. Results: Affected degree of ankle joint in the heel strike phase showed significant difference between level walking and climbing stairs, and toe off phase showed significant difference between level walking and climbing stairs, ramps, and climbing stairs. Affected degree of knee joint showed no significant difference in all attempts. Affected degree of hip joint in the toe off phase showed significant difference between level walking, ramps and stairs, and climbing ramps. Swing phase showed significant difference between sides for level walking and stairs, climbing ramps. Affected ankle joint of heel strike and toe off, and affected hip joint of toe off and the maximum angle of swing phase in the angle was increased. Unaffected side of the ankle joint, knee joint, and hip joint showed a significant increase in walking phase. Conclusion: These findings indicate that compared with level walking, different results were obtained for joint angle of lower extremity when climbing stairs and ramps. In hemiplegia patient's climbing ramps, stairs, more movement was observed not only for the non-affected side but also the ankle joint of the affected side and hip joint. According to these findings of hemiplegic patients when climbing stairs or ramps, more joint motion was observed not only on the unaffected side but also on the affected side compared with flat walking.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare the distribution of foot pressure, knee and ankle joint angle between treadmill walking and ground walking in normal person. Methods : 18 Person of subject has participated this study, let subject to walk in ground and treadmill in order to gain data of foot distribution and knee, ankle joint angle using by parotec system. and Dartfish system. Walking velocity was constrained by 2Km/h and more 10sec. Date analysis was used by paired-t test using SPSS/PC statistical programs for window. Results : Result show that total contact times has shown symmetry between both legs, and more increase of left foot pressure in treadmill walking. Foot pressure of treadmill walking was significantly decreased in right hind foot and fore foot and hallux area. The ankle joint angle of treadmill walking was significantly decreased in initial contact phase. Conclusion : Results of this study show that foot pressure of treadmill walking was more decreased than ground walking in right hind foot and fore foot, hallux area. And the ankle joint angle of treadmill walking was significantly decreased in initial contact phase.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2005

This study has a purpose on contributing to apprehend safe and right way to stop to the inline skate beginners and to the instructors who teaches line skating on the basis for the result of the kinematical analysis on Heel brake stop movement of the inline skate, focusing on the displacement on COG, angle displacement of ankle joint, angle displacement of knee joint, angle displacement of hip joint, using a 3D image method by DLT. To achieve this goal, we analysed the kinematical factor of the 3 well-trained inline skating instructors and obtained the following results. 1. During the movement of heel-brake stop, when strong power was given to a stable and balanced stop and the lower limbs, if the physical centroid is lowered the stability increases, and if it is placed high from the base surface, as the stability decreases compared to the case of low physical centroid, we should make a stop by placing a physical centroid in the base surface and lowering the hight of physical centroid. 2. To make a stable and balanced stop and to provide a strong power to the lower limbs, it is advisable to make a stop by decreasing an angle displacement of ankle joint during a "down" movement. In case of the left ankle joint, in all events and phases the dorsiflexion angle showed a decrease. Nevertheless, in the case of the right ankle joint, the dorsiflexion angle shows an increase after a slight decrease. The dorsiflexion angle displacement of ankle joint can be diminished because of the brake pad of the rear axis frame of the right side inline skate by raising a toe, but cannot be more decreased if certain degree of an angle is made by a brake pad touching a ground surface. To provide a power to a brake pad, it is recommended to place a power by lowering a posture making the dorsiflexion angle of the left ankle joint relatively smaller than that of the right ankle. 3. To make a stable and balanced stop and to add a power to a brake pad, the power must be given to the lower limbs in lowering the hight of physical centroid. For this, it is recommended to make a down movement by decreasing the flexion angle of a knee joint and it is necessary to make a down movement by a regular decrease of the angle displacement of knee joint rather than a swift down movement in every event and phase. 4. The right angle displacement of hip joint is made by lowering vertically the hight of physical centroid as leaning slightly forward. If too narrow angle displacement of hip joint is made by leaning forward too much, the balance is lost during the stop by placing the center in front. To make a stable and balance stop and to place a strong power to the lower limbs, it is recommendable to make a narrow angle by lower the hip joint angle. However, excessive leaning of the upper body to make the angle too narrow, can cause an instable stop and loss of physical centroid. After this study, it is considered to assist the kinematical understanding during the heel brake stop movement of the inline skate, and, to present basic data in learning a method of stable and balanced stop for the inline skating beginners or for the inline skate instructors in the present situation of the complete absence of the study in inline skating.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2012

Purpose: This study is to identify the effect of Ankle Joint Taping applied to patients with chronic hemiplegia on their gait velocity and joint angles. Methods: We randomly extracted a clinical sample from 30 patients with hemiplegia resulting from stroke and classified them into two groups of a control group including 15 patients offered a regular therapeutic exercise and a test group including 15 patients offered taping. We also conducted the comparative analysis and pretest of the affected ankle joint angles by the normal characteristics of all subjects, Time to up and go test (TUG), 3D movement analyzer before the intervention. We applied taping to a test group for eight hours a day, five days a week during two weeks and conducted the comparative analysis of the gait velocity and the affected ankle joint angles by a comparison between and within two groups of before and after the intervention by conducting a posttest after the intervention. The result is as followings. Results: It indicated that there was a significantly decreased time with the increased gait velocity that a test according to a result of comparing the gait velocity within two groups (p<0.05). It indicated that there was a significantly increased angle in a comparison within two groups of test that inversion angle of a control group according to a result of comparing the ankle joint angles by 3D movement analyzer within groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: We found that TUG will help patients walk independently because it met a test group's need in the change of the gait velocity between two groups by recording less than 14 seconds which is the standard of using assistive aids and also found that ankle joint taping will help the joints prevent their function change considering that a control group showed an increased inversion angle in the change of the ankle joint within two groups.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and describe radiologic pattern of ankle arthritis following change of mechanical loading axis by total knee arthroplasty. Materials and Methods: We reviewed radiographs of 419 cases, 243 patients underwent total knee arthroplasy from January 2002 to October 2006 retrospectively. We described radiologic parameters around the ankle joint and measured the amount of change of knee varus or valgus angle by comparing preoperative and postoperative anteroposterior standing lower extremities AP X-rays. We divided cases into two groups, one with radiologically arthritic change of the ankle joint and the other one without any radiologic change after surgery. We compared two groups in each parameters and analyzed statistically (SPSS v13.0). Results: Three hundred eighty one cases were divided into varus group and 38 cases in valgus group. 125 cases were divided into ankle arthritic change-positive subgroup among the varus group and 251 cases were in negative subgroup. The amount of varus angle correction by total knee arthroplasty showed significant difference between two subgroups. There was no significant difference in each parameters between subgroups within 38 valgus cases. Conclusion: Ankle arthritis can be aggravated after total knee arthroplasty because of the change of mechanical loading axis onto the ankle joint. Therefore it may be needed to evaluate symptoms and function of ankle joints before performing total knee arthroplasties especially in patients with huge varus deformities of knee joints.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 유도 허벅다리걸기 기술 발휘 시 발목 관절의 테이핑 처치가 하지 관절과 압력중심(COP, center of pressure)에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 있었다. 대학 유도 선수 20명(연령, 20.9±0.8세; 신장, 168.6±7.4cm; 체중, 73.5±11.6kg; 신체질량지수, 25.7±2.6kg/㎡)이 참여하였으며, 발목 관절 테이핑 처치 전과 후의 2가지 조건에서 허벅다리걸기 기술 발휘 시 지지다리 관절의 각도와 압력중심 요인을 분석하여 다음의 결과를 도출하였다. E2(t=2.411, p=.027) E4(t=2.388, p=.029)시점에서 발목 관절의 각도는 테이핑 처지 전에 비해 처치 후 발목의 각도가 통계적으로 적은 수치를 나타내었고, E2(t=-2.343, p=.032) E3(t=-4.531, p=.000)시점에서 힙 관절의 각도는 통계적으로 크게 나타났다. 그리고 발목 관절 테이핑 처치 후 좌·우의 COP 이동은 상대를 메치는 P3 국면에서 통계적으로 크게 나타났으며(t=2.670, p=.016), 전·후의 COP 이동은 상대의 무게 중심을 기울이는 P1 국면에서 통계적으로 적은 수치를 나타내었다(t=2.846, p=.011). 그러므로 허벅다리걸기를 특기로 사용하는 유도 선수들은 발목 관절 테이핑으로 인해 발생하는 지지관절의 운동 기능과 COP의 이동범위를 고려하여 사용하는 것에 대하여 제안하고자 한다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2015

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the coordination of the trunk tilting angle and bilateral lower limbs according to the stirrups length during trot in equestrian. Methods : Participants selected as subject were consisted of adult male(n=7, mean age: $45.00{\pm}3.78yrs$, mean height: $172.50{\pm}2.44cm$, mean body mass: $76.95{\pm}4.40kg$, mean, mean leg length: $97.30{\pm}2.60cm$). They were divided into 3-types of stirrups lengths(67 cm, 72 cm, 77 cm) during trot. The variables analyzed were consisted of the trunk front-rear angle, lower limb joint(Right Left hip, knee, ankle), overall movement index(OMI) of the lower limbs(thigh, shank, foot) and asymmetry index(AI%) during trot. Results : The average angle in hip and knee joint showed more extended posture according to the increase of stirrups lengths and ankle angle showed more plantarflexion posture according to increase of stirrups length during 1 stride in trot. Also, average angle showed more extended posture in right hip and ankle joint than that of left. The angle of knee joint didn't show significant difference statistically between right and left. Also asymmetric index in average angle of hip, knee and ankle joint didn't show significant difference statistically in between lower limbs, but hip joint showed higher asymmetric index in stirrup length of 77 cm and ankle joint showed higher asymmetric index in stirrup length of 67 cm than that of the others respectively. The FR angle in trunk of horse-rider showed relative backward leaning motions at stirrup length of 67 cm and 77 cm than that of stirrup length of 72 cm during stance and swing phase. OMI in thigh, shank, and foot limbs didn't show significant difference statistically according to the stirrups length of right and left lower limbs, but left lower limbs showed higher index than that of right lower limb. Stirrup length of 72 cm in shank and foot limbs showed higher index than that of stirrup length of 67 cm and 77 cm. But stirrup length of 72 cm showed higher asymmetric index than that of stirrups length of 67 cm and 77 cm. Conclusions : When considering the above, 72 cm(ratio of lower limb 74.04%) stirrup lengths could be useful in posture correction and stabilization than 67cm(ratio of lower limb 68.69%) and 77 cm(ratio of lower limb 79.18%) stirrup lengths during trot in horse back riding.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in kinetic and kinematic variables associated with an increase in upper body weight. Eighteen healthy male university students($175.96{\pm}4.19\;cm$, $70.79{\pm}8.26\;kg$) participated. Eight motion analysis cameras(Qualysis Oqus 500) and 2 force AMTI platforms(Advanced Mechanical Technologies Inc. OR6-7, US) were used to record motion and forces during the drop landing at a frequency of 120 Hz and 1200 Hz, respectively. QTM software(Qualisys Track Manager) was used to record the data, and the variables were analyzed with Visual 3D and Matlab 2009. For the drop landing, a box of $4{\times}2{\times}0.46\;m$ was constructed from wood. Knee and ankle maximum flexion angle, knee flexion angle, knee and ankle angle at landing, time for maximum ankle flexion after landing, and time for maximum knee flexion after landing were calculated. There was a significant change in the time for maximum and minimum ground force reaction and the time for maximum dorsal flexion after landing(p<.05) with increasing weight. There was no significant change for the hip, knee, and ankle ROM, whereas there was an increase in the angle ROM as the weight increased, in the order of ankle, knee, and hip ROM. This result shows that the ankle joint ROM increased with increasing weight for shock attenuation during the drop landing. There was a trend for greater ankle ROM than knee ROM, but there was no clear change in the ROM of the hip joint with increasing weight. In conclusion, this study shows the importance of ankle joint flexibility and strength for safe drop landing.