• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1657-1664
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 재료의 이방성을 고려한 점소성 모델을 제시하였다. 공학적 인 견지에서 볼 때 이방성 재료의 기계적 거동을 표한하기 위해서는 단순화 이론(si- mplified theory)의 개발이 필요하게 되었으며 이에따라 Betten은 등방성 소성 포텐셜 (isotropic plastic potential)에서 응력텐서를 재료의 이방성을 포함하는 변환 응력 텐서(mapped stress tensor)로 대체함으로써 이방성을 고려하였다. 그러므로 실제 이방성 재료의 비탄성 거동은 가상의 등방성 상태로 치환되며 여기에 소성 포텐셜 이 론을 적용하게 된다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2016

Purpose: In general, confabulation is defined as confusion of reality with past events without apparent prompting, in association with disruption of the capacity for retrieval and encoding of memory. We report on a patient who showed spontaneous confabulation associated with injury of the Papez circuit following middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction. Methods: A 67-year-old female patient suffered cerebral infarct resulting from spontaneous MCA territory. After onset of the MCA infarct, she showed severe memory impairment and provoked confabulation. The Papez circuit was reconstructed for evaluation of part of it using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and tract volume were measured. Results: The right thalamocingulate tract showed a significant decrement of FA value and tract volume, and an increment of MD value by more than two standard deviations of that of normal control subjects. The tract volume in the left fornix and mammillothalamic tract decreased by more than two standard deviations of that of normal control subjects. Conclusion: Injuries of the Papez circuit were demonstrated in a patient who showed severe memory impairment and provoked confabulation following MCA infarct. We believe that analysis of the Papez circuit tract using DTT is useful in elucidating the cause of provoked confabulation in patients with MCA infarct.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.388-390
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• 2020

Objectives: The nigrostriatal tract (NST) connect from the substantia nigra pars compacta to the striatum. A few previous studies have reported on the NST in the Parkinson's disease using a proboblistic tractography method. However, no study has been conducted for identification of the NST using streamline DTT technique. In the current study, we used streamline DTI technique to investigate the reconstruction method and characteristics of the NST in normal subjects. Methods: Eleven healthy subjects were recruited in this study. The NST from the substantia nigra of the midbrain and the striatum of basal ganglia was reconstructed using DTI data. Fractional anisotropy, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and fiber numbers of the NST were measured. Results: In all subjects, the NST between the substantia nigra of the midbrain and the striatum. Mean values for FA, ADC, and tract volume were 0.460, 0.818, and 154.3 in the right NST, and 0.485, 0.818, and 176.3 in the left NST respectively. Conclusions: we reconstructed the NRT from the substantia nigra of the midbrain and the striatum of the basal ganglia using streamline tractography method. We believe that the findings and the proposed streamline reconstruction method of this study would be useful in future researches on the NST of the human brain.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1161-1171
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate diffusion tensor (DT) imaging-derived properties of benign oligemia, true "at risk" penumbra (TP), and the infarct core (IC) during the first 3 hours of stroke onset. Materials and Methods: The study was approved by the local animal care and use committee. DT imaging data were obtained from 14 rats after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) using a 7T magnetic resonance scanner (Bruker) in room air. Relative cerebral blood flow and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were generated to define oligemia, TP, IC, and normal tissue (NT) every 30 minutes up to 3 hours. Relative fractional anisotropy (rFA), pure anisotropy (rq), diffusion magnitude (rL), ADC (rADC), axial diffusivity (rAD), and radial diffusivity (rRD) values were derived by comparison with the contralateral normal brain. Results: The mean volume of oligemia was $24.7{\pm}14.1mm^3$, that of TP was $81.3{\pm}62.6mm^3$, and that of IC was $123.0{\pm}85.2mm^3$ at 30 minutes after pMCAO. rFA showed an initial paradoxical 10% increase in IC and TP, and declined afterward. The rq, rL, rADC, rAD, and rRD showed an initial discrepant decrease in IC (from -24% to -36%) as compared with TP (from -7% to -13%). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in metrics, except rFA, were found between tissue subtypes in the first 2.5 hours. The rq demonstrated the best overall performance in discriminating TP from IC (accuracy = 92.6%, area under curve = 0.93) and the optimal cutoff value was -33.90%. The metric values for oligemia and NT remained similar at all time points. Conclusion: Benign oligemia is small and remains microstructurally normal under pMCAO. TP and IC show a distinct evolution of DT-derived properties within the first 3 hours of stroke onset, and are thus potentially useful in predicting the fate of ischemic brain.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.467-474
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• 2004

A large-eddy simulation is performed for turbulent flow in a concentric annulus with the inner wall rotation at Re$\sub$Dh/=8900 for three rotation rates N=0.2145, 0.429 and 0.858. Main emphasis is placed on the inner wall rotation effect on near-wall turbulent structures. Near-wall turbulent structures close to the inner wall are scrutinized by computing the lower-order statistics. The anisotropy invariant map for the Reynolds stress tensor and the invariant function are illustrated to reveal the altered anisotropy in turbulent structure. Probability density functions of the splat/anti-splat process are explored to develop a sufficiently complete picture of the contributions of the flow events to turbulent production. The present numerical results show that the altered turbulent structures may be attributed to the centrifugal instability, which leads to the augmentation of sweep and ejection events.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2017

This study aimed to develop a simple and effective method to facilitate the experimental research on mechanical properties of masonry under biaxial compressive stress. A series of tests on full-scale brick masonry panels under biaxial compression have been performed in limited principal stress ratios oriented at various angles to the bed joints. Failure modes of tested panels were observed and failure features were analyzed to reveal the mechanical behavior of masonry under biaxial compression. Based on the experimental data, the failure curve in terms of two orthotropic principal stresses has been presented and the failure criterion of brick masonry in the form of the tensor polynomial has been established, which indicate that the anisotropy for masonry is closely related to the difference of applied stress as well as the orientation of bed joints. Further, compared with previous failure curves and criteria for masonry, it can be found that the relative strength of mortar and block has a considerable effect on the degree of anisotropy for masonry. The test results demonstrate the validity of the proposed experimental method for the approximation of masonry failure under biaxial compressive stress and provide valuable information used to establish experimentally based methodologies for the improvement of masonry failure criteria.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2014

Objective : Differentiation of demyelination in white matter from axonal damage can be determined using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). In this study using meningioma patients an attempt was made to evaluate the relationship between preoperative weakness and the changes of diffusion parameters in the corticospinal tract (CST) using DTI. Methods : Twenty-six patients with meningioma were enrolled in this study. Eleven of them suffered from objective motor weakness and were classified as Group 1. The remaining 15 patients did not present motor weakness and were classified as Group 2. Fiber tractography and CST diffusion parameters were obtained using DTIStudio. The ratios (lesion side mean value/contralateral side mean value) of CST diffusion parameters were compared with 1.0 as a test value using a one-sample t-test. Results : In Group 1, fractional anisotropy (FA), tensor trace (TT), and radial diffusivity (RD, ${\lambda}2$ and ${\lambda}3$) of the CST were significantly different between two hemispheres, but axial diffusivity (AD, ${\lambda}1$) of the CST was not significantly different between two hemispheres. In Group 2, FA and ${\lambda}3$ of CST did not differ significantly between the hemispheres. In Group 2, TT, ${\lambda}1$, and ${\lambda}2$ of CST in the ipsilateral hemisphere were significantly higher than those of the unaffected hemisphere. However, the differences were small. Conclusion : Motor weakness was related to a low FA and high TT resulting from increased RD of the CST fibers. CST diffusion changes in patients with weakness are similar to those for demyelination.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.128-138
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• 2019

본 논문은 서로 다른 두 개의 LOFAR (LOw Frequency Analysis and Recording)그램을 융합하는 방법을 다룬다. 기존의 방법은 주파수 스펙트럼을 이용하여 LOFAR 그램을 융합하기 때문에, 시간-주파수의 2차원 정보인 토널 신호를 융합하는데 제한적인 성능을 갖는다. 제안하는 방법은 전처리 과정에서 2차원 방향성 양방향 필터링을 이용하며, 전처리된 LOFAR 그램의 국부 비등방성 비교를 기반으로 두 LOFAR 그램을 융합한다. 전처리 과정에서 잡음을 억제하고 토널을 부각시키고 나면 국부 비등방성은 토널과 잡음을 구분하기 위한 척도로 사용될 수 있다. 모의 데이터와 해상 데이터를 이용해 LOFAR 그램 융합 실험을 수행한 결과, 제안한 방법은 기존 기법에 비해 융합된 LOFAR 그램의 잡음레벨을 대등하게 하거나 감소시키는 결과를 낳으며, 융합시 토널 누락 현상을 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

목적 : 최근 확산텐서영상(diffusion tensor imaging)의 발전으로 뇌백질의 미세 구조적 특성을 평가할 수 있게 되었다. 그러나 확산텐서영상을 얻기 위한 적절한 영상촬영조건 중 확산 강조 경사자장의 적정한 방향 수에 대하여 충분히 연구되지 않은 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 뇌백질의 트래킹(tracking)을 수행하는 데에 있어 확산강조 경사자장의 방향 수가 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 건강한 남녀 13명 (남: 10, 여: 3, 평균나이: 30세, 연령분포: 23-37) 을 대상으로 하였다. 확산텐서영상은 모든 영상촬영조건을 동일하게 유지하면서 확산강조 경사자장의 방향 수를 6-방향, 15-방향, 32-방향으로 변화시키면서 시행하였다. 영상 범위는 뇌교 하방 1 cm부터 측뇌실 상방 2-3 cm까지 포함하였으며 전교련-후교련 연결선에 평행하게 하였다. 영상후처리를 통해 FA (fractional anisotropy, 분할 비등방성) map을 만든 후, 뇌량의 무릎과 팽대에서 FA의 평균값과 표준편차를 각 FA map에서 구하였다. 그리고 뇌의 피질척수로에서 트래킹을 시행하여 트래킹된 백질 섬유의 수를 측정하였다. 얻어진 FA, FA의 표준편차, 트래킹된 피질척수로의 섬유 수를 통계적 방법으로 6-방향, 15-방향, 32-방향사이에서 비교하였다. 결과 : FA는 확산강조 경사자장의 방향 수에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 경사자장의 방향 수가 증가함에 따라 FA의 표준편차는 유의하게 감소하였고, 트래킹된 피질척수로의 섬유 수는 유의하게 증가하였다. 결론 : 확산텐서영상에서 확산강조 경사자장의 방향 수를 증가시킬수록 더 우수한 백질의 트래킹이 가능하였다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.475-480
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to reconstruct diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) using stem of garlic and asparagus for in vitro phantom of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and to compare and evaluate the fractional anisotropy (FA) value and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value to determine whether it can be used as materials for in vitro phantoms. Among various plant fibers such as stem of garlic, palmae, cotton, asparagus, etc., stem of garlic and asparagus, which are considered to be the most suitable for making phantoms, and whose shape is considered to be the most suitable for making phantoms, were selected and tests were conducted. Holes were made in a plastic bucket at an angle of 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120°, then tubes were inserted. In the tube, asparagus and stem of garlic were inserted as far in as possible, and the inserted tube was inserted into the center of the heat bathed gelatin to harden. We were able to reproduce DTT images in asparagus and stem of garlic. Fiber tissues of asparagus and stem of garlic did not show complete connectivity, but the reconstructed images of DTT showed good connectivity. The FA values of asparagus in the tubes were 0.198 at 0° (straight), 0.207 at 30°, 0.187 at 60°, 0.231 at 90°, and 0.204 at 120°. In addition, the FA values of stem of garlic in the tubes were 0.235 at 0°, 0.236 at 30°, 0.216 at 60°, 0.218 at 90°, and 0.257 at 120°. The ADC values of asparagus in the tubes were 1.545 at 0°, 1.677 at 30°, 1.629 at 60°, 1.535 at 90°, and 1.725 at 120°. In addition, the ADC values of stem of garlic in the tubes were 1.252 at 0°, 1.396 at 30°, 1.698 at 60°, 1.756 at 90°, and 1.466 at 120°. For the best expressed DTT reconstruction image, it showed the longest connectivity in the straight line as we hypothesized. In addition, when comparing the FA values and ADC values of fiber tissues of stem of garlic and asparagus, FA value was generally higher in stem of garlic and ADC value was slightly higher in asparagus.