• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.47-54
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• 2003

To be dyed with cationic Berberine, the cotton fiber was modified with reactive anionic agent. The Berberine, a natural cationic colorant of pure yellow, is the major component of Amur Cork tree extract and also can be employed as a natural antimicrobial agent due to its characteristic of cationic quaternary ammonium salt. By LC/MS analysis, it became obvious that the Berberine was contained in Amur Cork tree extract as a major color component. The adsorption of the Berberine on the cotton fabrics pretreated with the anionic agent was greatly increased comparing to that of untreated fabric. Because the anionic agent was colorless, it did not cause unintended color change of the dyeings. The dyed fabric with the Berberine has strong antimicrobial activity showing 99.5% of reduction of bacteria against Staphylococcu aureus.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2005

Cotton fabric was treated with a reactive anionic agent in order to have anionic sites(-S03-) on it, which made it possible for the fabric to adsorb various cationic materials. In this study, the adsorptivity of various heavy metal ions such as Pb(II), Cd(II), Cr(III), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni (II) and Cr(VI) on the cotton fabrics treated with anionic agent was examined at the various conditions; concentrations of heavy metal ions, pHs of solution, reaction time and temperature. As a result, the adsorptivity of the heavy metal ions on the cotton fabrics treated with the anionic agent was highly increased comparing to that of untreated cotton fabrics. The order of the adsorptivity was as follows: $Pb(II)>Cd(II)>Cu(II)\geqNi(II)\geqCo(II)>Cr(III)\ggCr(VI)$. The adsorption amounts of most heavy metal ions were increased in weak alkaline conditions and were reached to an adsorption equilibrium within 10 ~ 30 minutes. The maximum adsorption ratios of Pb(II) and Cd(II) were respectively 99% and 80% of the initial concentration of heavy metal ions. Therefore the anionized cotton fabrics seem to be utilized as an adsorption fabrics for the removal of heavy metal ions in the waste water.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.294-300
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• 2003

The anionic agent containing dichloro-s-triazinyl reactive group was synthesized and applied to the cotton fabrics to introduce covalent bonds. This attempt was expected to improve the affinities of cationic compounds, such as cationic dyes, chitosan, quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agents and metal ions, by the electrostatic attractive force. As expected, the anionic agent was reacted with cotton fabrics at room temperature. In order to examine the adsorptivity of the cationic compounds on to the anionized cotton fabrics, firstly a cationic dye(C. I. Basic Violet 7) was applied. The color strength of the dyeing of anioized cotton fabric was highly increased comparing to that of untreated fabric.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate increasing the neutral substantivity of anionic dyes for cationic-modified cotton fabric treatied with cationic agent. In the present study 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride for reactive cationic agent was produced by reaction of epichlorohydrine with trimethylamine hydrochloride. 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride was converted in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide into glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride. By treating with this epoxy reagent the hydroxyl groups of cotton fabric was modified to trimethylammonium group through ether linkage. The introduction of new cationic sites into cotton fabric by pretreating with cationic agent improves the substantivity of anionic dyes with the cotton in dyebath. Dyeablity of the modified cotton fabric for direct and reactive dyes was much improved in a non-electrolytic or a little electrolytic dyebath and was proportional to the concentration of cationic agent.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.593-600
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• 2006

SIS triblock copolymers, one of the major raw materials of oil gelling agent, were synthesized by living anionic polymerization and the resultant copolymers formed with various shapes and sizes were used to examine their oil gelling capacities. Coupling method was adapted to form final triblock products from diblock living polymers. Prior to polymerization, the impurities in monomers and solvents were throughly removed by killing technique. We experimentally investigated the effects of operating parameters of synthesis and forming of SIS triblock copolymers on oil gelling capacity. The photocatalytic decomposition of SIS triblock copolymer under ultraviolet circumstance was also investigated and it is found that the addition of P-25 enhances the photocatalytic decomposition.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.23-29
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• 2016

Effects of cationic polyvinylamine (PVAm) dry strength agent on effectiveness of optical brightening agent (OBA) during fine papermaking and the mechanism for brightness reduction of paper by PVAm was investigated by UV/Vis spectroscopy and turbidity measurement of OBA solution with PVAm. It was shown that PVAm reduced brightness of paper while opacity was not varied and tensile strength of paper was increased. Tetra-type OBA solution showed the peaks around the wavelength of 280 nm and 330 nm and the increase in the OBA concentration increased the UV absorbance in all wavelength. Addition of PVAm into the OBA solution decreased the UV absorbance at 280 nm. Turbidities of OBA and PVAm solutions were close to zero, respectively, while the turbidity value increased for the mixed solution of OBA and PVAm in various mixing ratios and the highest value was obtained when the mixing ratio of PVAm and OBA was 5:5, meaning that cationic PVAm formed complex with anionic OBA. In conclusion, cationic PVAm could form a complex with anionic OBA and that reduced UV absorbance, resulting in the reduced brightness of paper.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.18-26
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• 2003

Nylon 6.6 was treated with anionic synthetic tanning agent at different pH values, temperatures and liquor ratios to determine exhaustion properties. Treatments using syntan were conducted to the undyed nylon 6.6 fiber and three acid dyeings and then samples of the bath solution were subjected to HPLC analysis. Mass analysis was considered to determine the syntan components. In addition, the effect of applications using syntan and syntan/cation in improving the stain resistance was observed. The optimum treatment condition of syntan was achieved and the major component of syntan, being exhausted to the nylon substrates, was determined. In terms of stain blocking effect, a significant improvement was achieved by the syntan and syntan/cation treatments.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.46-53
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• 2015

Paper strengthening system of PVAm (polyvinylamine) has been used with strong negative charge polymer for electrostatic neutralization due to strong positive charge of PVAm. Recently, because of the controversy caused by the possibility of remaining PAM monomers in white water, a search for paper strength agent that can substitute for PAM was suggested. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate a dry strength polymer of PVAm. Starch and CMC were used as a substitute for PAM. The dual polymer system of PVAm and anionic charge control agent such as anionic starch or CMC (carboxy methyl cellulose) were found to be very effective as strength agent compared to the chemicals based on acrylamide.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.307-310
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• 2004

Micellar enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) is a surfactant-based separation process and it can remove heavy metal ions from aqueous stream effectively. However, it is necessary to recover and reuse surfactants for economic feasibility because surfactant is expensive. Foam fractionation was investigated for both anionic and cationic surfactant recovery. Chelating agent such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was studied for the separation of heavy metals from surfactant solution. Anionic surfactants bound with heavy metals can be recovered by lowering pH (acidification). In this study, citric acid and imminodiacetic acid (IDA) were applied to release copper from sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micellar solution and compared with EDTA. Precipitation of copper by ferricynide and sodium sulfide were also investigated. As a result, ca. 100 % of copper was released from SDS micellar solution by 5 mM of EDTA and citric acid. And 3.3 mM of ferricyanide formed precipitate with 82.7 % of copper. 5 mM of IDA and sodium sulfide released or formed precipitate 82.5 % and 58.9 % of copper, respectively. Citric acid is harmless to environments and ferricyanide precipitates with Cu easily. Therefore, it is considered that citric acid and ferricyanide have competiveness over a famous chelating agent, EDTA, for the separation of Cu from SDS solution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.130-131
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• 2016

Although many metals contaminated sediment from coastal area contain both anionic and cationic heavy metals, the current remediation technologies are not effective for stabilize heavy metals of both anionic and cationic elements from contaminated coastal region. the present work investigated the efficiency and mechanism of immobilization of Fe, Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Cd metal solutions in modified zeolite based biostimulant ball. Biostimulant ball containing acetate, nitrate and sulphate which are enhance the activity of marine microorganisms and it can act as electron donors and electron acceptors. Modified zeolite and chelating agent is greatly enhance the metal stabilization due to increased immobility of the analysed metals. The XRD, FT-IR and SEM of modified zeolite which cheating agents containing heavy metals were investigated. The results indicated that heavy metals could be effectively immobilized in modified zeolite and chelating agents in BSB added sediment. The immobilization of heavy metals in modified zeolite and chelating agents along with BSB could be due to stabilize of heavy metal cations. Immobilization of heavy metals using BSB with modified zeolite and chelating agent has lower cost effect and enhance the sediment quality.