• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2005

This study reports the effect of $Mg^{2+}$ ions on the behavior of the anionic surfactant in electrophoresis. Intractions of $Mg^{2+}$ ions with carboxylates and sulfonates resulted large changes in their apparent mobilities. A comprehensive analysis of the electroosmotic and electrophoretic mobilities reveals that major cause for the variation of the apparent mobilities of anions arises from the electroosmotic mobilities.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.404-409
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• 2008

The core-shell composite particles of inorganic/organic were polymerized by using styrene(St) as a shell monomer and potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator. We studied the effect of core-shell structure of silicone dioxide/styrene in the presence of an anionic surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and polyoxyethylene alky lether sulfate (EU-S133D). We found that when $SiO_2$ core/PSt shell polymerization was prepared on the surface $SiO_2$ particle, to minimize the coagulation during the shell polymerization, the optimum conditions were at concentration of $2.56{\times}10^{-2}mole/L$ SLS. The structure of core-shell polymer was confirmed by measuring the thermal decomposition of polymer composite using thermogravimetric analyzer and morphology of core-shell polymer particles by transmission electron microscope (TEM).

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2001

The purpose of this study on environmental investigation in Hongsung and Kwangchun streams is for the finding the degree of water quality. Physicochemical characteristics of streams are very important. However, that has not been investigated so for especially in stream of Hongsung area, And so, we tried to analyse BOD, TDS, $Cl^{-}$, anionic surfactant, pH, T-N and T-P of stream. The results were as follows. The pH for stream were generally in the range of 6.9 ~ 8.1 which is water quality for stander for stream, water quality of the Hongsung and Kwangchun upstream was not in problem but downstream showed somewhat high concentration in BOD, chlorine ion, T-P, T-N, and anionic surfactants. Especially BOD of Kwangchun downstream was higher than Hongsung downstream and concentration of T-P of Hongsung downstream was kept over 7 mg/liter regardless of inflow BOD ranging from 1.3 to 1.8 mg/liter.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.380-387
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• 2004

The preparation of $CaSO_4$ nanoparticle by vesicles formed spontaneously in cationic OTAC and anionic ADS mixed surfactant solution whose ratio is 0.3/0.7 is investigated. Added electrolytes for preparing nanoparticles reduce vesicle size about 200-300 nm comparing with that of pure vesicle whose size is 700-800 nm by DLS. The core of vesicles has 200 nm size and acts as nanoreactors which same size of monodisperse $CaSO_4$ nanopaticles are formed. Although $CaSO_4$ particles are formed at the outer of vesicles, they are very large and amorphous. The formed particles are identified with XRD analysis after separation due to coinciding with $CaSO_4$ particles.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2008

The core-shell latex particles were prepared by sequential emulsion polymerization using alkyl methacrylate as a shell monomer and potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator. We study the effects of core-shell structure of calcium carbonate/alkyl methacrlyate in the presence of an anionic surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate (EU-S133D)). The structure of core-shell polymer were investigated by measuring to the thermal decomposition of polymer composite using thermogravimetric analyzer and morphology of latex by transmission electron microscope (TEM).

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2012

In the Chosun period, the noble class usually buried the dead bodies in the lime-covered tomb. Recently their costumes are excavated while maintaining the shape. However, the textiles discovered from the inside have been degradated by a body and moisture. To conserve these textiles one of the most important thing is how to clean these textiles right after the excavation. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of wet cleaning to minimize the color change of textile remains. For this purpose, silk and cotton were dyed with natural dyes (7 red, 1 blue, 6 yellow, 4 green and 4 purple colors), then they were kept for 6 months with pork meat at $10^{\circ}C$, and were washed by four cleaning solutions (water, anionic surfactant (SDS), non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) and natural surfactant (saponin)) at $20^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$. The color change was evaluated by color difference (${\Delta}E$) between non-treated and after washed samples. From the results, it was found that the color changes are significantly different depending on the washing temperature, textile material, the cleaning agents and the type of dyes.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.442-449
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• 2017

In this study, a method to inject small amount of activation agent from the outside of the pipeline to the inside wall of the pipe was newly proposed to enhance pumping efficiency of cementitious materials. The activation agent is injected into the slip-layer, which is generally formed in the vicinity of the inside wall of the pipe during pumping cementitous materials. Through the injections, it is expected to decrease viscosity of slip-layer, namely, the friction between the mateirals and the pipe. The proposed method was verified by lab-scale pumping tests with mortars having water to cement ratio of 47%. The tests were performed with two different type of activation agents(superplasticizer and anionic surfactant) and three different amount of the agents(0.14, 0.28, 0.42% of the mortar volume). The compressive strength were measured with and without injecting the activation agent, and the internal pressures of pipeline were measured. When the anionic surfactant was used, there was no change in the compressive strength. As the amount of anionic surfactant increased, the pumping pressure decreased up to 71.4% at the maximum.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.333-338
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• 2014

This study identifies the effects of sodium sulfate and surfactants in the papain treatment of wool fabrics using L-cysteine and EDTA as activators. The research method involves the use of 2% L-cysteine and 7% EDTA as activators at optimal conditions, papain treatment of wool fabrics with the joint use of sodium sulfates and surfactants, and measurements of the weight loss rate, tensile strength, and whiteness. Results showed that for both 2% L-cysteine and 7% EDTA, the maximum papain activity appeared at 0.5% sodium sulfate concentration. In both cases, the papain activity was enhanced at sodium sulfate concentrations lower than 0.5%. In contrast, the papain activity declined at sodium sulfate concentrations higher than 0.5%. The joint use of EDTA with 0.5% sodium sulfate was proven to be very effective in improving the papain activity. The joint use of 2% L-cysteine with 0.5% sodium sulfate appeared slightly effective in improving the activity but resulted in excessive decrease in the tensile strength and whiteness, compared to improvement in the activity. The joint use of surfactants, in the case of L-cysteine, interrupted the papain activity and decreased the tensile strength regardless of the surfactant type and concentration. In the case of EDTA, however, the joint use with 0.1-5% non-ionic surfactants, 0.1-0.5% anionic surfactants, and 0.1% cationic surfactant appeared to improve the papain activity. The maximum papain activity was observed when 0.1% of surfactant was used, regardless of the surfactant type. The nonionic surfactant was the most effective in improving the papain activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1977

The effects of surfactants and concentration of NaOH in surfactant solution on the removal of free fatty acid soil from cotton fabrics were investigated. Cotton fabrics were soiled with palm itic acid which is the most common fatty acid found in natural oily soil and washed in Lauder-ometer with various types of surfactant with or without NaOH. The rate of soil removal was estimated by analyzing palmitic acid contents in fabric before ar d after washing. Analysis of palmitic contents was made by extracting palmitic acid with azeotropic mixture of alcohol-benzene and the extracts were titrated with standard NaOH solution. It was shown that the types of surfactant are important factor in free fatty acid removal and the efficiency increases in the following order: SLS$90\%$ of initial sorption. In relation to the mechanism of detergency, the suspending and emulsifying power of surfactants were also examined. From the results of this experiments, it could be concluded that the soap formation with alkali and the suspending power of surfactant arc significant factors in free fatty acid soil removal, but the emulsifying power of it is neglizible.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.436-437
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• 2003

고형오구의 분산안정화 작용은 고체 입자의 계면에 흡착한 계면활성제에 의한 전기적 반발력과 입체적 보호작용에 영향을 받게 된다. 특히 현재 시판세제의 조성에서 비이온계 계면활성제의 혼합이 점차 중요시되는 이때 입체적 보호작용에 의한 고형오구의 분산안정성은 의류제품의 세척성 제고에 좋은 정보가 되리라 생각된다. 따라서 본 연구는 시판되고 있는 세제 대부분이 음-비이온계 계면활성제의 혼합으로 되어 있는 점을 고려하여 음이온 계면활성제로서 D5S(sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate), 비이온계 계면활성계 NPE(nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, EO$_{10}$) 혼합용액에서 음이온과 비이온계 계면활성제의 입자에의 흡착과 고형오구의 안정성을 관련시켜 고찰하였다. (중략)