• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.113-115
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• 1991

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 1991

Effects of eight flavonoids and their related compounds on leukocytes migration, superoxide anion production and lipid peroxidation in the phagocytosis of latex beads or E. coli by guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells were studied in vitro. It shows that most of flavonoids generally inhibited the leukocytes migration and production of superoxide anion and malonedialdehydes. Their inhibitory activities in the phagocytosis of latex beads had more active than that of E. coli. Quercetin has the most inhibitory activity in leukocytes migration and production of superoxide anion and lipid peroxides at the concentration of 1, 2 and 10 $\mu{M}$. Catechin and rutin at the concentration of 2 and 10 $\mu{M}$ inhibited significantly the production of superoxide anion and lipid peroxides. Flavone, catechin, naringin and rutin at the concentration of 2 and 10 $\mu{M}$ inhibited significantly the leukocytes migration.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.8 no.3_4
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• pp.1-5
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• 1993

Using mixed incubation of cultured endothelial cells, cultured fibroblasts, neutrophils activated with PMA and paraquat, the production of superoxide anion, $H_2O$$_2$and lipoxygenase metabolites (5-HETE and 12-HETE) of arachidonate was estimated. The results was as follows: 1. Neutrophils activated with PMA was produced superoxide anion,$H_2O_2$and lipoxygenase metabolites (5-HETE and 12-HETE) of arachidonate. 2. Fibroblasts did not alter the production of superoxide anion and $H_2O_2$ by neutrophils, it was markedly reduced by mixed incubation with endothelial cells. 3. Mixed incubation with endothelial cells significantly augmented the production of 5 or 12-HETEs, but fibroblasts did not. 4. Using mixed incubation of endothelial cells, fibroblasts, neutrophils and paraquat (50ug/m1 and 100ug/m1), the production of superoxide anion, $H_2O_2$and HETEs was significantly increased on both cells at low concentration (50ug/m1), but markedly reduced at high concentration (1001g/m1). 5. Paraquat showed concentration dependent effects on arachidonate lipoxygenase metabolism.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.768-778
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• 2011

Calixpyrroles and related macrocycles are non-planer synthetic anion receptors that have attracted considerable attentions in recent years. Although the synthesis of calix[4]pyrrole (known as meso-octamethylporphyrinogen) was reported more than 100 years ago, the anion binding properties were first discovered in 1996. The simple calix[4]pyrroles can be synthesized in single step in high yield by condensation of pyrrole with acetone. The compounds showed preferential binding for halide anions including fluoride, phosphate, carboxylate, and chloride in organic media. Efforts to improve the anion affinity of calix[4]pyrrole and to enhance its selectivity have led to the synthesis of a variety of new calixpyrrole derivatives. Among the various modifications, introduction of straps on one side of the calix[4]pyrroles are the most effective. Incorporation of aromatic rings other than pyrroles also exhibited interesting binding behaviour. Introduction of signalling units as part of the strapping element enable to detect the anions on chromogenic or fluorogenic fashion. Finding of the anion transport properties across the membrane and cytotoxic effects of the calix[4]pyrroles open new window for calixpyrrole-related research. The polymer-incorporated systems have also been employed as anion complexants in solvent-solvent extraction. These old, yet easy-to-make macrocycles have well advanced more recently with the discovery of the ion-pair complexation properties. In this review, the synthetic developments and anion binding properties of calixpyrroles for the last decades will be discussed and will cover the advances in calixpyrrole chemistry.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.102-107
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• 2001

This research was carried out investigate the removed T-P, T-N and anion surfactants using Autoclaved Lightweight Concrete(ALC) in wastewater treatment system. Effects of pH, TDS on aqueous solution was measured. Specific area which measured by BET was $27.66m^2/g$. The phosphorous, nitrogen and anion surfactants removal efficiencies were examined by using artificial waste water(T-P : 66~73mg/L, T-N : 56~136mg/L and anion surfactants : 10~31mg/L). The results showed that the ALC was effective material as a adsorbent due to the structure and porosity. It was found that anion surfactants removed was 85~95%, phosphate removed was 92% and nitrogen removed was 90% in artificial wastewater. Agitation process was more effective than aeration process in that case of nitrogen removal system using ALC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.119-120
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• 2008

The study has attempted to boost a coherence of cellulose fiber and nanosilver particle with reactive anion agent. The object of this study is finding condition for treatment of reactive anion agent and effects of nanosilver particle according to manufacturing process.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1599-1610
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• 2013

In order to verify the healing effect in the variety of effects according to fountain type, anion which is the representatives factor of healing, as the center of case studies which in Gwanghwamun(Ground fountain), Cheonggyecheon(Waterfall) and Myeongdong(Formative fountain). According to fountain type, the anion distribution as follow, figures typically$ 15,721{\pm}419ea/cm^3$, Formative fountain $40,190{\pm}788ea/cm^3$, Waterfall $4.480{\pm}290ea/cm^3$ and ground fountain $2.492{\pm}180ea/cm^3$. It is usually exceed to the distribution in natural green, which is $1070{\sim}2100ea/cm^3$. The interrelation between air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and relative humidity, and wind speed is that, the relative humidity is directly proportional to wind speed and inversely proportional to temperature. As the temperature goes up, the distribution of anion goes down. And as the wind speed and relative humidity goes up, the distribution of anion decrease sharply. The result of interrelation between fountain type and the anion distribution is that, the distance of water falling is directly proportional to the anion distribution in the formative fountain and inversely proportional in the ground fountain. And the distribution of anion is largest in formative fountain. The distribution of anion in ground fountain is lower than in formative fountain, but it is far more than in natural greenery. And as the distance from fountain increase, the distribution of anion goes down.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of air-phase germination with water-spraying and anion stimuli on germination ratio, sprout growth and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) of brown rice. Air-phase germination method with intermittent spraying water improved germination ratio and sprout growth by about 100% compared with the conventional water-soaking method. Anion radiation was applied during the germination process and improved the germination ratio, sprout growth and color quality of the germinated brown rice. Germination ratio and sprout growth were improved up to 9% with anion radiation, and its brightness was higher than brown rice germinated with no anion radiation. The air-phase germination with water-spraying improved the GABA content of germinated brown rice by about 8-9 times compared with that of brown rice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2007

The amount of nitrate in the tobacco leaf has been shown to be correlated with the levels of alkaloids and nitrosamines. Also the nitrate content of the tobacco correlated closely with the smoke delivery of nitric oxide and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). These are related with the effect of the reconstituted tobacco leaf(Recon) using the tobacco stems. Adsorption process is gaining interest as one of the effective processes of advanced liquid treatment for liquid containing unnecessary materials. This study is focused on the evaluation of four anion exchangers, a cation exchanger and an activated carbon, as adsorbents for reduction of nitrate anion from Recon extract. In order to analyze the nitrate anion, the IC method used in this work was carried out with a Dionex ICS-2000 system. The effects of dosages of adsorbents and concentration of extract on the removal of nitrate anion were examined. Experimental results showed that for nitrate-anion exchanger, nitrate-cation exchanger and nitrate-activated carbon adsorption system, approximately 70 %, 10 %, and 4 % removal efficiencies were achieved at the Brix 10 and the 20 % addition. Although the activated carbon was little efficient for removal of nitrate ion, the removal of nicotine was very efficient at given conditions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.2795-2798
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• 2011