• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1343-1347
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• 2005

A total of 108 pigs (including 36 starters, 36 growers, and 36 finishers) were randomly allocated to six treatments, which involved a 2 (Crude Protein (CP): 100 and 80% of control diet)${\times}$3 (Ca, P, Salt (CPS): 100, 80 and 60% of control diet) factorial design to evaluate the effectiveness of reducing CP and CPS in reducing wastewater EC in different stages. Another 72 starters were adopted to examine the effect of the six treatment diets (as mentioned above) on the growth performance of pigs. Activated carbon and Reverse Osmosis System (RO) were adopted to examine the reducing efficiency of wastewater EC, and ion analysis was also applied to compare with the wastewater EC in different stages of the metabolism trial. The results of wastewater EC of the six treatment diets in different stages of metabolism trial demonstrated that diminishing dietary CP or CPS decreased wastewater EC. The largest decrease of EC was approximately 30%, and was achieved with 20 and 40% reduced dietary CP and CPS, respectively. Pig growth performance deteriorated somewhat when dietary CP or CPS was diminished. Wastewater ion concentration was not always consistent with dietary CP or CPS content, except for $NO_2^{-}$, $NH_4^{+}$ and $K^{+}$, which were positively correlated with dietary CP or CPS in different stages. Activated carbon is not effective for reducing wastewater EC, while, RO system is effective (90% elimination rate) in reducing wastewater EC, but the EC of concentrated (excreted) water is around 10% higher than that of intact wastewater, representing an additional problem besides the high cost of RO system treatment.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2014

This study was aimed at investigating a filtration bed system for the production of liquid fertilizer using wastewater generated after anaerobic digestion of animal manure. Slurry, Compost, & Biofiltration-Methane System, designed by Korean National Institute of Animal Science, is now a standard method to recycle anaerobic digestion wastewater. However, currently provided protocol to run the system needs continuous upgrades as the system is relatively new and can be more cost-effective if few adjustments are made. In this study, we tried to enhance the capability of the system to process anaerobic digestion wastewater by replacing the bed materials with the cheaper one, and determining the time point of operation from which filtrates can be utilized for fertilization.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2011

The increasing demand of the crops (soybean and corn) for biofuel production has increased the focus of the animal nutritionists to look for alternative feeds, which are economic and environmental friendly. To identify microalgae as suitable candidate as an alternative feed, growth response of Chlorella vulgaris was studied under varying concentrations of carbon dioxide (0.07, 1.4, 3.0 and 5.0%) and photon densities (39.19, 72.97, 105.41, 116.22, 135.14, $175.68\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$) by employing a photo-bioreactor. Swine wastewater was also investigated as nutritional source to economize the biomass production. Results showed that the higher biomass production was found to be at 3.0% $CO_2$ compared to other $CO_2$ concentrations. However, no difference in biomass production was found at $105.41\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ and above photon densities with 12 h of photoperiodicity. It was observed that C. vulgaris could easily grow in 200 times diluted swine wastewater and growth was found to be similar with that of artificial medium. Provided the conducive conditions for optimal growth, it has also the potentiality of depleting ammonia nitrogen ($NH_4$-N) and orthophosphate ($PO_4^{3-}$-P) completely from the wastewater after 3~4 days of cultivation. Thus, growing C. vulgaris would not only solve the problem of animal feed, but also help in biological $CO_2$ mitigation and wastewater treatment.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1995

An efficient Treatment of animal wastewater is one of the hot issues for preventing the environmental pollution. It should be established the design parameter in order to purify the animal wastewater. A test is carried on in the pilot plant as a simplified activated sludge process. A vibration sieve separator is deviced to keep the pollution load constant by means of separation of solid matter. The BOD removal efficiency of the vibration sieve showed over 50%. As the test results, the BOD contents of the influent was in average of 3,000 mg/I and that of the effluent 85 mg/I. So, the BOD removal rate showed 97% in average. The SS-contents in the primary chamber was about 3,300 mg/I and that of effluent 92 mg/I. The SS removal efficiency showed 97%. The removal rate of total nitrogen and phosphore were in average of 82% respectively. Carrying out in winter season, it showed relatively good results; The design parameter approved in this test can be applied to the full-time farmers.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2006

The effects of turning frequency were examined on the efficiency of composting lime treated excess sludge amended with sawdust from the activated sludge process after a liquid/solids separation process. The raw and excess sludge from the activated sludge process associated with the hog wastewater treatment system is a significant problem and composting is an effective method far reducing the pollution potential of hog wastewater sludge. The coagulant used sludge composting and ammonia emissions from composting are not well established. The effect of compost properties such as high total carbon, C/N ratio and pH value on performance of composting sludge and biofiltration of ammonia from composting process were investigated. The ammonia emission was not significantly increased during composting. The ammonia concentrations of the exhaust air of composter were ranged from 0.5 and 7 ppm about 12 days after composting. The performance of the hog wastewater sludge composting was the most sensitive to chemical treated sludge properties such as high total carbon and high C/N ratio of the initial compost mixes. Temperature in compost and ammonia emission were not greatly affected by the turning frequency.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1627-1633
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• 2012

This study was to evaluate the feasibility of recycling the solids separated from swine wastewater treatment process as a fuel source for heat production and to provide a data set on the gas emissions and combustion properties. Also, in this study, the heavy metals in ash content were analyzed for its possible use as a fertilizer. Proximate analysis of the solid recovered from the swine wastewater after flocculation with organic polymer showed high calorific (5,330.50 kcal/kg) and low moisture (15.38%) content, indicating that the solid separated from swine wastewater can be used as an alternative fuel source. CO and NOx emissions were found to increase with increasing temperature. Combustion efficiency of the solids was found to be stable (95 to 98%) with varied temperatures. Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) showed five thermal effects (four exothermic and one endothermic), and these effects were distinguished in three stages, water evaporation, heterogeneous combustion of hydrocarbons and decomposition reaction. Based on the calorific value and combustion stability results, solid separated from swine manure can be used as an alternative source of fuel, however further research is still warranted regarding regulation of CO and NOx emissions. Furthermore, the heavy metal content in ash was below the legal limits required for its usage as fertilizer.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2011

The green algae Scenedesmus acuminatus was cultured in different media: animal wastewater and an artificial culture medium in order to evaluate potential use for tertiary treatment. The experiments were conducted with air flowrate 1~2 L/min at $28{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. The nitrogen and phosphorus showed very similar removal efficiencies (68~77 % and 69~80 % for nitrogen and phosphorus respectively). The optimal fed period was estimated as three days in the semi-continuous experiment. The effects of $CO_2$ (4.5 %) injection on nutrient uptake from animal wastewater (biological treatment effluent) were compared to an air injection under the same conditions of light and photoperiod. The uptake rates of nutrient with air injection were observed 0.009 gN/gChl-a/day, 0.028 gN/gChl-a/day and T-P 0.003 gP/gChl-a/day for nitrate, total nitrogen and phosphorus respectively. The rates were enhanced by addition of $CO_2$ to 0.026 gN/gChl-a/day, 0.076 gN/gChl-a/day and T-P 0.018 gP/gChl-a/day. This study establishes that $CO_2$ addition during nutrient deprivation of microalgal cells may accelerate tertiary wastewater treatment.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2008

본 시험은 젖소농가에서 보유하고 있는 여러가지 형태의 착유시스템에 대하여 계절별 세척수의 발생량과 이화학적 특성을 알아보고자 바켓식, 파이프라인식, 텐덤식, 헤링본식 등 착유시스템 유형별로 각각 3농가를 선정하여 계절별로 조사를 실시하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 착유시스템 유형별 세척수 발생량은 텐덤식과 헤링본식에서 많았으며 바켓식이 적었다 (P<0.05). 2. 착유작업별 세척수 발생량은 착유기 세척에 가장 많은 량의 세척수를 사용하였으며 여름철의 경우 텐덤식 $398.8{\ell}$, 헤링본식 $407.7{\ell}$가 다른 착유시스템보다 많은 세척수를 사용하였다 (p<0.05). 3. 착유과정에서 발생하는 세척수 발생량을 조사한 결과, 평균 $15.4{\ell}$/두였으며, 계절별로는 여름이 $16.4{\ell}$로 가장 많은 세척수가 발생되었다. 4. 착유과정에서 발생하는 세척수의 $BOD_5$는 착유실 세척시 발생하는 세척수가 $906.4mg/\ell$로 가장 높았으며, 유두 세척시 가장 낮은 $212.4mg/\ell$로 나타났다. COD, SS 등도 착유실 바닥세척시 가장 높은 경향을 보였다. 5. 세척수의 이화학적 특성은 pH는 $7.3{\sim}8.2$의 범위로 착유작업 단계에 따라 차이를 나타내었으며, 착유작업 후 착유실 외부로 흘러나오는 배출수의 $BOD_5$, COD, SS, T-N, T-P는 각각 731.2, 479.0, 751.6, 79.1, $14.7mg/\ell$였다. 이상의 시험결과를 종합해 보면 착유시스템 유형별 세척수 발생량은 바켓식, 파이프 라인식, 텐덤식 및 헤링본식이 각각 143.9, 487.9, 914.0, $856.7{\ell}$로 조사되었으며, 착유과정에서 발생하는 세척수량은 착유우 두당 $15.4{\ell}$로 착유시스템 유형 및 착유우 사육두수에 따라 낙농가도 농가실정에 맞는 세척수 처리시설 및 용량을 확보해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.698-701
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• 2000

To prevent surface and underground water pollution, wastewater treatment is essential. Four bench-scale activated sludge units (10 L operational volumes) were operated at 5, 10 and $20^{\circ}C$ for evaluation of treatment efficiencies with typical wastewater from swine housing. The units were set for a 24-hour cycle. As compared to the conventional process, high removal efficiencies for organic substances, nitrogen and phosphorus in swine wastewater were obtained simultaneously with an intermittent aeration process (lAP). The NOx-N produced during an aeration period was immediately reduced to nitrogen gas (e.g. $N_2$ or $N_2O$) in the subsequent non-aeration periods, and nitrification in aeration periods occurred smoothly. Under these conditions, phosphorus removal occurred with the release of phosphorus during the non-aeration periods followed by the excess uptake of phosphorus in the activated sludge during aeration periods. It was confirmed that the lAP had a better ability to remove pollutants under both low temperatures and high nitrogen loading conditions than the ordinary method did. In addition to that, the total emission of $N_2O$ from lAP was reduced to approximately 1/50 of the conventional process for the same loading. By adopting an adequate aeration programme for individual swine wastewater treatment, this system will provide a promising means for nitrogen and phosphorus control without pH control or addition of methanol.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2001

This research was carried out to investigate the daily amount and characteristics of wastewater produced from bucket milkers, pipeline, tandem ad herringbone milking system for washing operations after milking included 28 dairy farms. The average amount of wastewater produced from milking system was 9.8l/head/day. The amount of wastewater varied from a low of 8.2 litters/head/day(pipeline milking system) to 13.4 litter/head/day(herringbone milking system). The moisture content, Biochemical Oxygen Demand($BOD_5$), Chemical Oxygen Demand($COD_{Mn}$), Suspended Solids(SS), Total Nitrogen(T-N) and Total Phosphorus(T-P) concentration of wastewater were 99.9%, 394mg/l, 417.3mg/l, 1,201.3mg/l, 3.78mg/l, 0.51mg/l.