• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1525-1529
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• 2004

Most of the recently developed robots are human friendly robots which imitate an animal or human such as entertainment robot, bio-mimetic robot and humanoid robot. Interest in these robots are increasing since the social trend is focused on health, welfare, and graying. By these social backgrounds, robots become more human friendly and suitable for home or personal environment. The more bio-mimetic robots resemble living creature, the more human feels familiarity. People feel close friendship not only when they feed a pet, but also when they watch a pet having the food. Most of entertainment robots and pet robots use internal-type batteries and have a self-recharging function. Entertainment robots and pet robots with internal-type batteries are not able to operate during charging the battery. So far there have been a few robots that do not depend on a battery. However, they need a bulky energy conversion unit and a slug or foods as an energy source, which is not suitable for home or personal application. In this paper, we introduce a new bio-mimetic entertainment robot with autonomous feeding functionality, called ELIRO-1(Eating LIzard RObot version 1). The ELIRO-1 is able to find a food (a small battery), feed by itself and evacuate. We describe the design concept of the autonomous feeding mechanism of the ELIRO-1, characteristics of sub-parts of the manufactured mechanism and the control system.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.471-476
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• 2003

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a systemic disease of ruminants caused by ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2). OvHV-2 is a gamma herpesvirus, which induces frequent latent infection and often difficult to detect its antigens and even specific nucleic acids because of its low viral copies in the infected tissues. Histopathology, serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were compared for the diagnosis of MCF using 10 bison infected with OvHV-2. Histopathological diagnosis was performed using the criteria which was based upon the pathognomic lesions. Serological diagnosis was conducted using its serum with competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies of OvHV-2. Also, the nest PCR was performed with peripheral blood leukocytes for the detection of OvHV-2-specific DNAs. Primers 556 and 775 were used for the primary amplification, and primers 556 and 555 were used for the secondary amplification. As the results, positive cases were 6 by histopahology, 9 by serology and 10 by PCR. As comparing with other diagnostic methods, PCR was found to be more sensitive than histopathology and serology. The recent development of molecular diagnostic assays has provided powerful tools for investigating how viruses survive in nature. Development of PCR specific for viruses has dramatically improved the accuracy of diagnosis of viruses in clinically infected animals. Furthermore, amplification of viral genomic material by nest PCR represents the most sensitive method for the detection of viruses and might be detected successfully even though very low viral DNA copies. So, it could be used as the first choice for the detection of viral DNAs with low copies such as the status of latent infection. However, it has also some limitation of application like as false negative results by PCR inhibitors and false positive results by contamination. The results of this study suggest that the use of molecular biological methods like PCR may increase the accuracy for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. However, in diagnostic laboratory, it is recommended that PCR assay must be conducted with other diagnostic methods for more reliable diagnosis.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.82-92
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• 1993

A comparative study was undertaken to evaluate the contact Neo-dymium : yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG) laser system for vascular anastomosis of small caliber blood vessels(diameter 0.5-1.2 mm) in the animal model. In this study 40 femoral arteries and 40 femoral veins of Sprague-Dawley rats were anastomosed by contact laser assisted microvascular anastomosis(LAMA) utilizing 3 stay sutures which were placed 120 degrees apart and the intervals welded with contact Nd:YAG laser unit, conventionally sutured anastomosis(CSA) served as controls. The time needed for vascular anastomosis, patency rate(immediate postoperative, postoperative 2nd day, postoperative 1 week, postoperative 4 weeks), gross and microscopic evaluations were compared to conventional microsurgical suture technique. The results are as follows: 1. Postoperative patency rate was 82.5% for femoral artery and 75% for femoral vein by contact LAMA technique compared to 90% and 75% by CSA technique at postoperative 4 weeks. 2. Less time-consumed for arterial anastomosis by 6 minutes 23 seconds and venous anastomosis by 8 minutes 55 seconds with contact LAMA technique compared to CSA technique. 3. Grossly almost complete healing had taken place by postoperative 1 week by contact LAMA technique. 4. Aneurysm formation was 5% for femoral artery and 15% for femoral vein by contact LAMA technique compared to 5% and 10% respectively by CSA technique. 5. Microscopically, re-endothelization was complete by postoperative 7th day by contact LAMA technique. There was less medial hypertrophy and hyperplasia and also less inflammatory response compared to CSA.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.137-159
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• 1999

Over the last three decades, Korean farming system has been directed to maximum agricultural production and to increase farmer's income through adoption of high-yielding crop varieties and high input of agrochemicals . These farming practices have resulted in problems of water-quality deterioration, soil degradation , and food safety. At present, over 40 million tones of animal waste are bing produced annually, which amounts to disposing the waste at the annual rate of 20 tones per ha in the total area of farming land in Korea. Nearly a half of total available water resources is used as irrigation water predominantly for rice paddy field. Thus, non-point source contamination of the water resources has been linked to agriculture across the nation. However, the extent to which agriculture contributes to the water quality is not fully known. Recently, Korean government provided various institutional measures to reduce the negative impacts of agricultural practices on the environ ental quality, and the Agricultural Environment Act was also passed by the legislature in 1998 and became effective January 1999. This Act does not cover the broad spectrum of the sustainable agriculture ; thus, the limited incentives within this Act are arguably ineffective to control the non-point source pollution. Recently new bulk blending of fertilizers(BB fertilizer) are bing produced (100, 000 tones in 1998) with Government subsidies. The BB fertilizers are to balance N-P-K ratio in the soils . Although the use of the BB fertilizers are encouraged with Government subsidies, non-point source pollution is still serious and will become worse. Precision farming is regarded as a new means for sustainable agriculture. It is a new technology that modifies the existing techniques and incorporates new one such as GIS, GPS , differential applicator to produce a new set of tools for the farmer to use. Precision farming, however, has constraints for individual farming practices. For exam le , farm size or parcel unit of each farmer is too small to adopt the precision agriculture on farmhouse-hold bases and farmer's ability to adopt the new technology is limited. However, it would be appropriate to establish local or regional cooperatives to operate such a precision farming system. It is recommended that Government provide sufficient incentives to help establish local and/or regional cooperatives.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.132-137
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• 2010

The skc gene encoding streptokinase (SK) with a molecular mass of approximately 47.4 kDa was cloned from Streptococcus equisimilis ATCC 9542 and heterologously overexpressed in Streptomyces lividans TK24 and E. coli using various strong promoters. When the promoter for sprT [Streptomyces griseus trypsin (SGT)] was used in the host S. lividans TK24, a 47.4-kDa protein was detected along with a smaller hydrolyzed protein (44 kDa), suggesting that posttranslational hydrolysis had occurred as has been reported in other expression systems. The casein/plasminogen plate assay revealed that the plasmid construct containing the SGT signal peptide was superior to that containing the SK signal peptide in terms of SK production. Maximal production of SK was calculated to be about 0.25 unit/ml of culture broth, a value that was five times higher than that obtained with other expression systems using ermE and tipA promoters in the same host. When the skc gene was expressed in E. coli BL21(${\Delta}DE3$)pLys under the control of the T7 promoter, a relatively large amount of SK was expressed in soluble form without hydrolysis. SK activity in E. coli/pET28a-$T7_pSK_m$ was more than 2 units/ml of culture broth, even though about half of the expressed protein formed an inactive inclusion body.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.209-219
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• 1981

To evaluate long-term metabolic response of free-living Korean subjects consuming local sources adequately or slightly below habitual intake. Subjects, six male medical students aged 23-25 years were free-living, but consumed diets in the metabolic unit. They were healthy as determined from medical laborarory tests. They belong to the Korean middle-class. Temperature of outdoor during study were ranged between -2 to $26^{\circ}C$, whereas the indoor were $18-22^{\circ}C$. Animal protein ranged between 25-30% of total calorie. The three meals and a vitamin supplement to meet recommendation were given daily. Three 50day periods following the design were used to test the protein-energy adequacy of the diet. Urinary nitrogen excretion was measured daily. Fecal samples were pooled for the last 5 days of each week. Nitrogen balance was computed using 5mg N/Kg skin and miscellaneous losses. Body weight was measured daily. The study was covered on 126 metabolic observations weekly. Body weight changes were relatively stable with the energy intake of 37-44Kca1/kg, and N-balances were also relatively stable, but it was influenced by physical and or mental stress somehow. It could be assumed that the mean protein and energy requirement were $190{\pm}10mg$ N/Kg with $41{\pm}2$ Kcal/kg, and the mean digestibility of protein was 81% on these subjects with the experimental conditions. The protein requirement, however, could be cut down somewhat with some limited increaing of energy intake under parameters of N-balance and maintaining body weight. It was also observed a tendency of the requirement were getting smaller with the increase of body size.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.77-92
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• 1995

The initiative to determine farmland use has been transferred to local side under the decentralized government system in Korea. New Land Act and Rural Development Act support it. Changes in external and internal environments of Korean agriculture require to diversify farmland use. Lpcal development plan may be implemented when specific farmland use plan is prepared. However, (armland use planning has not been prepared by the local governments yet. This study aims to identify problems encountered in current farmland use and suggest directions of effective and reasonable farmland use planning relevant to local conditions. Questionnaire method was used to prove topographical differences of community land demand, Statistical analyses show that farmers desire to utilize marginal farmland for income increase. Growing grass(42.0%) and cash crops(41.7%) was greatly demanded by them. They were generally eager for developing touristic farm (52.1 % ). By topographical characteristics, the eager was greatest in coastal areas, on the contrary, it was relatively low in mountainous areas. There were more farmers who want to expand their farmland in rice farming(48.4%) or rice-horticulture farming(46.9%) areas. Potential retirer among farmers were most in suburban areas, However, it was expected that there would be the highest retirement rate in rice farming areas because of the high rate of aged farmers. Farmland use planning should be incorporated into food production policies and community people's needs for income increase and life improvement. Agriculture promotion areas must be maintained for scale optimized farming and cash crop farming as much as possible. However, minimum portion for other uses in each village or farming community unit should be adopted. Less favored areas will have to be utilized for both agriculture and non-agriculture uses. Priority can be put into touristic resorts as a non-agriculture use. Furthermore, such areas can be used for sustainable agriculture as well as for residence, industry, animal breeding.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3851-3855
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• 2012

Introduction: The worldwide incidence of breast cancer has increased rapidly in recent years. The scenario of Eastern India is also showing the same trend. It is necessary to study the utility of HER-2/neu as a prognostic factor in breast cancer survival. However, there have not been detailed studies in this respect with the breast cancer patients of Eastern India. Thus this study was conducted. Materials and Methods: In this hospital-based study 86 breast cancer patients attending a breast clinic of a reputed institute of Eastern India and having invasive ductal carcinomas were observed for a period of 5 years after surgery. Associations between 5 years observed survival and status of ER, PR and HER-2/neu of the patients were critically evaluated. Results: There was statistically significant association between survival pattern for 5 years and the HER-2/neu status (p=0.00001). Better survival was observed for the patients with HER-2/neu negative tumors 67(100%) compared to HER-2/neu positive tumors 7(36.8%). Conclusions: There is strong interaction between survival and HER-2/neu expression of breast cancer patients. Thus the patients with HER-2/neu positive tumors need to be treated aggressively.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 1993

This book is named 'The Ryuk-Jab-Rok' because it was written in the last page of 1820's almanac. This book is written purely in Korean and has not been published yet. This book comprises twenty eight items, among which there are eight items of vegetable preserving method, ten items of Jook preparation methods(a kind of cereal soup), nine items of Pyun-Myun methods(a kind of rice cakes and noodles) and Yak-Bab(a kind of spiced rice). In vegetable preserving method, the eggplant, the cucumber and a songi mushroom were preserved with the drying method., A radish, a sorojangii, and the root of white cabbage were used with the cold temperature preservation. A garlic was dried after salting. The sprouts of DooRub, which were coming in the hot room, were used. In the Jook preparations, there were five animal materials which were lamb, chick, crudian, oyster and abalone. In nine Pyun-Myun methods, Jap-Gua-Sil was illegible because the letters were not clear. Among eight items, the stick rice was used in four cases, the regular rice in two cases. The ground pine nuts, honey and the Chinese date were used most ofter. And the sesame salt and the chestnut were next. The analysis of the terms I this book revealed that 26 items were used for cooking processes. And it also showed us that there were seven kind of cutting procedure and eight kinds of heating procedure. The shapes and size of foods were revealed at only three places in all items. The one-chi(chi ; abut three cm) and three-Ja(Ja ; about thirty cm) which the terms represent the length were revealed twice and once respectively in this book. In the taste description, 'the good', the most common word, was used in seven times, and which was the most frequently introduce case. The measuring unit is hard to revive since the measurements were taken by the container, which were Jong-Ja, Sabal and Tang-gii, then in use. Fifteen kinds of containers and cookers were used for preparing foods. And all of them are now I use.

• CELLMED
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.27.1-27.6
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• 2020

Cancer is one of the leading cause of mortality in India as well as worldwide. The management of cancer by conventional therapy has shown life threatening adverse effects. The researchers are now exploring the natural way of treatment. Unani system of medicine have rich literature for cancer and many compound formulations have been described in this system. Unani system of medicine is based on holistic approach and treat human being as a unit with natural herbs, mineral and animal origin drugs. An important compound Unani formulation (CUF) from the literature has been chosen to explore the Unani claim of its anticancer activity. The phytochemical constituents were assessed using standard phytochemical screening method. Antioxidant property of this formulation was assessed by DPPH assay. The DPPH free radical scavenging assay was carried out by colorimetric method and ascorbic acid was taken as a positive control. Three different extracts of CUF on different concentrations were used to screening on human breast cancer (BCC) MCF-7 cell line. For the estimation of in-vitro cytotoxic potency of the investigated extracts was assessed on MTT assay by using trypan blue method and paclitaxel was used as the standard. Hydro-ethanolic (HE) extract showed highest free radical scavenging activity among all extracts. DPPH Assay showed substantial antioxidant activity of these extracts in hydro-ethanol extract at 1㎍ concentration of CUF. The CUF showed antioxidant and anticancer activity. The claim made by Unani physician has been proved.