• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.98-103
• /
• 2007

산란계의 분변으로부터 생균제 특성을 가진 유산균을 분리하기 위하여, 무작위 선발법과 agar well diffusion assay법을 사용하여 다수의 유산균을 1차 선발하였으며 이 중에서 대장균 억제능이 가장 우수한 CPM-7 균주를 분리하였다. 최종 선발된 CPM-7 균주는 형태학적 특징, 당 이용성 및 16S rRNA 서별 분석을 통하여 Lactobacillus salivarius CPM-7으로 동정되었다. L. salivarius CPM-7은 내산성 및 내담즙성이 우수한 것으로 나타났는데, pH 2에서 30분 동안 및 pH 3에서 6시간 동안 생균수가 거의 유지되었으며, bile salt 0.2%가 첨가된 MRS 배지에서 증식할 수 있었다. L. salivarius CPM-7은 a-galactosidase를 포함한 다수의 효소를 생산하는 것으로 확인되었으며, 돼지의 장 상피세포에 흡착할 수 있었다. L. salivarius CPM-7의 배양액 및 중화액은 자돈 설사를 유발하는 것으로 알려진 E. coli K88에 대한 강력한 억제능을 나타내었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제38권6호
• /
• pp.1261-1272
• /
• 2018

The effects of Queso Blanco cheese containing Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563 was studied on the intestinal microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in healthy companion dogs. There were three experimental groups with five healthy dogs each: a control group, not fed with any cheese, and groups fed with Queso Blanco cheese with (QCB) or without B. longum KACC 91563 (QC) for 8 weeks. Fecal samples were collected 5 times before, during, and after feeding with cheese. Intestinal microbiota was analyzed using two non-selective agar plates (BL and TS) and five selective agar plates (BS, NN, LBS, TATAC, and MacConkey). SPME-GC-MS method was applied to confirm SCFAs and indole in dog feces. The six intestinal metabolites such as acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, isovaleric acid and indole were identified in dog feces. Administration of B. longum KACC 91563 (QCB) for 8 weeks significantly increased the beneficial intestinal bacteria such as Bifidobacterium ($8.4{\pm}0.55$) and reduced harmful bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium (p<0.05). SCFA such as acetic and propionic acid were significantly higher in the QCB group than in the Control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that administration of Queso Blanco cheese containing B. longum KACC 91563 had positive effects on intestinal microbiota and metabolites in companion dogs. These results suggest that Queso Blanco cheese containing B. longum KACC 91563 could be used as a functional food for companion animals and humans.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제62권5호
• /
• pp.659-667
• /
• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of crude protein (CP) and protease on nitrogen (N) utilization, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance in growing pigs. A total of six crossbred ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) barrows were individually accepted in 1.2 m × 0.7 m × 0.96 m stainless steel metabolism cages. The pigs (average initial body weight of 27.91 ± 1.84 kg) randomly assigned to six diets with six weeks (6 × 6 Latin square design). The experiment was carried out in an environment with a temperature of 23 ± 1.5℃, a relative humidity of 83 ± 2.3% and a wind speed of 0.25 ± 0.03 m/s. The dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial design with two levels of CP (15.3% or 17.1%) and three levels of protease (0 ppm, 150 ppm, or 300 ppm). The average daily gain and gain to feed ratio (G:F) tended to increase (p = 0.074) with increasing amounts of protease. The low CP level diet reduced (p < 0.050) urinary and fecal N concentrations, the total N excretion in feces, and increased (p < 0.050) N retention. Different protease levels in the diet did not affect (p > 0.05) at N intake, but supplementation of the diets with 300 ppm protease decreased (p < 0.050) the N concentration in urine and feces and tended to increase (p = 0.061) the percentage of N retention retained of the total N intake. The dietary CP level did not affect (p > 0.050) the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, digestible energy (DE), and metabolic energy (ME), but diet supplementation with 300 ppm protease showed higher (p < 0.050) ATTD of DE and ME than in the protease-free diet. Therefore, a low protein diet with protease could improve the utilization of nitrogen, thereby reducing the negative effect of N excretion into the environment while maintaining or increasing growth performance compared to a high protein diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.91-99
• /
• 2020

Objective: This study investigated the effects of oral administration of rumen-protected L-tryptophan (RPL-T) on duodenal starch digestion and gastrointestinal hormones (GIH) secretions using Hanwoo beef steers as the animal models. Methods: Four steers (423±24 kg) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were employed in a crossover design replicated twice. Treatments were control (basal diet) and RPL-T (basal diet+191.1 mg/kg body weight [BW]) group. Blood and duodenal samples were collected to measure serum GIH levels and pancreatic α-amylase activity at day 0, 1, 3, and 5 (-30, 30, 90, 150, and 210 min) of the study. Samples from each segment of the gastrointestinal tract were collected via ruminal and duodenal cannulas and were used to determine soluble protein and the starch digestion rate at days 6 (-30, 180, 360, and 540 min) and 8 (-30, 90, 270, and 450 min) of the experiment. Results: No significant difference in ruminal pH, NH₃-N, and total volatile fatty acid including the levels of acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, isovalerate, and the acetate-to-propionate ratio was observed between groups (p>0.05). Crude protein uptake was higher and feces starch content was lower in RPL-T group than the control group (p<0.05). The D-glucose contents of feces in RPL-T group decreased at day 5 compared to those in the control group (p<0.05), however, no change was found at day 0, 1, or 3 compared to the control group (p>0.05). Serum cholecystokinin (CCK), melatonin, duodenal pancreatic α-amylase activity, and starch digestion were significantly higher in RPL-T group than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Taken together, oral administration of RPL-T at the rate of 191.1 mg/kg BW consistently increased CCK concentration, pancreatic α-amylase activity in duodenal fluids, and starch digestion rate in the small intestine and thus found to be beneficial.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.85-91
• /
• 2021

This study was performed to identify the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in diarrhea feces of Korean native calves raised in Gimje, Jeollabuk-do, with a rapid diagnostic kit. The prevalence of both diseases were classified according to the age of calf, season of sampling period, and sampled farm where diarrheic calf is commonly observed. In diarrhea feces of 431 calves, cryptosporidiosis had a high incidence rate between 1 and 3 weeks of age, whereas giardiasis showed a high incidence between 4 and 6 weeks of age. It is thought that the incidence of protozoan diseases is markedly influenced by the calf's postnatal age. Regarding with the sampling season, the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in calves was significantly higher in spring and summer than in autumn and winter (P<0.05). Among the sampled farms where both diseases are commonly observed, cryptosporidiosis was more frequently detected than giardiasis in calves. Particularly, in farms where cryptosporidiosis is common, it tends to be a disease that is difficult to eradicate as it occurs continuously throughout the year. Hygiene management such as regular cleaning and disinfection of the livestock and the surrounding environments is considered necessary to reduce and prevent damage from these protozoal diseases.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제51권3호
• /
• pp.249-252
• /
• 2011

Cell culture systems for the protozoan Eimeria are not yet available. The present study was conducted to develop an animal model system by inoculating animals with a live Eimeria vaccine. This study was conducted on 3-day-old chickens (n = 20) pretreated with cyclophosphamide. The chickens were divided into 2 groups: the control group (n = 10) and the inoculated group that received the live Eimeria vaccine (n = 10). During the study period, we compared the clinical signs, changes in body weight, and number of oocysts shed in the feces of the control and inoculated group. This study showed that oocyst shedding was significantly higher in the chickens inoculated with live Eimeria oocysts than in the control chickens. Moreover, body weight gain was lesser in the animals in the inoculated group than in the control animals. Fecal oocyst shedding was observed in the inoculated animals. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that live Eimeria vaccination with cyclophosphamide pretreatment may be used to obtain an effective animal model for studying protozoan infections. This animal study model may eliminate the need for a tedious continuous animal inoculation process every 6 months because the live coccidiosis vaccine contains live oocysts.

• 한국축산식품학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국축산식품학회 2004년도 정기총회 및 제33차 춘계 학술대회
• /
• pp.349-352
• /
• 2004

Twelve strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated from feces of human or animal sources were tested for probiotic properties such as cholesterol assimilation, bile and acid tolerances, and CLA production. Although the cultures showed some variation with respect to each test, the 12 strains could be classified into 3 groups based on their ability to assimilate cholesterol. The cholesterol assimilation showed positive correlation with bile tolerance and negative correlation with acid tolerance. The cholesterol assimilation of L. acidophilus strains may not be related to the deconjugation activity, but may in fact be attributed to its bile tolerance. CLA production by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exhibited a wide variation that ranged from 2.69 to 7.64 mg/g fat. CLA production of Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707 was the highest among the LAB tested, but there was no evidence for differences in CLA production between genus and species.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제63권6호
• /
• pp.1468-1472
• /
• 2021

Clostridium perfringens B20 was isolated from chicken feces collected from a local farm associated with Chung-Ang University (Anseong, Korea). The whole genome of C. perfringens B20 was sequenced using the PacBio RS II platform and assembled de novo. The genome is 2,982,563 bp long and assembled in two contigs. Annotation analyses revealed 2,668 protein-coding sequences, 30 rRNA genes, and 94 tRNA genes, with 28.2% G + C (guanine + cytosine) content. In silico genomic analysis revealed the presence of genes encoding a class IId bacteriocin, lactococcin A, and associated ABC transporter and immunity proteins, as well as a putative bacteriocin gene.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.28-34
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to assess the validity of fecal coliforms to fecal streptococci ratio (FC/FS) for distinguishing the human from animal origin of fecal pollution in surface water. FC/FS ratio determined in effluent from municipal wastewater and human feces treatment plant (WWTP) and in downstream close to discharge of human feces was above 4 which indicates human origin. However FC/FS ratios determined seasonally in other water zones of the Nakdong River, even in the same sampling site, varied differently (above 4 or less than 0.7) due to different survival time of FC and FS and other environmental factors such as rainfall in watershed. Compared to other season, FC/FS ratios in winter were much lower regardless of the origin. It is concluded that the FC/FS ratio determined in surface water is not always valid for determining the origin of fecal pollution.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.263-267
• /
• 1997

Eighty-seven strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from feces of wild mammals in Choniu zoo were tested for their biochemical reaction and susceptibility to 19 antibiotics or chemicals by using disc diffusion test and/or Microscan Walkway 40/96. Out of 87 isolates, Enterobacteriaceae (44), Hafinia alvei (9), Citrobacterfreundi (5) and Proteus vulgaris (5) were frequently detected. The detective frequency of Enterobacteriaceae in animals classified by their eating pattern was higher in carnivorous and omnivorous than in herbivorous animal. In antibiotic susceptibility tests most of isolates were susceptible to cefazolinl ceftazidime, aztreoname, trimethoprin/sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, cofuroximel ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and eftizoximel and moderately susceptible to cephalotin and ticarcillin but resistant to ticarcillin/K and amikacin.