• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1335-1341
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• 2006

We selected a Lactobacillus spp. from Korean healthy infant feces based upon their antioxidant activity. This strain was identified as Lactobacillus gasseri by 16S rDNA sequencing, and named Lactobacillus gasseri NLRI-312. In the present study, we investigate the protective effect of this strain on the $H_2O_2$ induced damage to cellular membrane lipid and DNA in Jurkat cells. To estimate the extent of cellular lipid peroxidation inhibition, MDA (malondialdehyde) was measured, and DNA damage was tested by the comet assay. We also examined probiotic properties including tolerance to acid and bile, antibiotic resistance. From the results obtained, the supplementation of Jurkat cells with NLRI-312 decreased in DNA damage, while no effect was shown on MDA decrease. In probiotic properties, this strain was resistance to both acid and bile, showed considerably higher survival when incubated in pH 2 or 1% bile salts (w/v). We concluded that the NLRI-312 could be used as potential probiotic bacteria, with the effect of reducing DNA damage induced by $H_2O_2$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1741-1745
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• 2004

Administration of milk and fermented milks produced from indigenous dadih lactic acid bacteria on serum lipids and bile acids, fecal bile acids and microflora was estimated in hypercholesterolemic rats. Anaerobic lactic acid bacteria decreased and coliforms increased in the feces of the control group; however, the number of fecal lactic acid bacteria remained unchanged when rats were administered milk and fermented milks. Only fermented milk made from Lc. lactis subsp. lactis IS-10285 significantly reduced serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and total bile acids. Milk and fermented milks did not influence the HDL cholesterol. Triglyceride and phospholipid levels were significantly lower in the rats fed fermented milk of Lc. lactis subsp. lactis IS-10285 than rats fed milk and fermented milk of Lc. lactis subsp. lactis IS-29862, but not significantly different from the control group. Hypocholesterolemic effect of Lc. lactis subsp. lactis IS-10285 was attributed to its ability to suppress the reabsorption of bile acids into the enterohepatic circulation and to enhance the excretion of bile acids in feces of hypercholesterolemic rats.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.488-497
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• 2012

A DNA barcode based on 648 bp of cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene aims to build species-specific libraries for animal groups. However, it is hard to recover full-length (648 bp) barcode gene from environmental fecal samples due to DNA degradation. In this study, we designed a new primer set (K_Bird), which amplifies a 226 bp fragment targeted an inner position of full-length COI barcode based on 102 species of Korean birds to improve amplification success, and we attempted to identify bird species from 39 avian fecal samples collected during 4 months from Jinan, South Korea. Simultaneously, we conducted a dietary analysis using a universal DNA mini-barcode (Uni_Minibar) from same fecal samples. In silico analysis on newly designed mini-barcode represented that genetic distances were 0.5% in species and 9.1% in genera. Intraspecific variations of 149 species out of 174 species (86%) between Korea and North America were within the threshold (5.3% threshold in this study). From environmental fecal samples collected in Jinan, we identified seven avian species, which have high similarity (99-100%) with registered COI sequences in GenBank. Eight kinds of prey species, such as moth, spider, fly, and dragonfly, were identified in dietary analysis. We suppose that our strategy applying mini-barcode for environmental fecal samples, might be a useful and convenient tool for species identification and dietary analysis for birds.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.325-338
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• 2020

The animal gut is filled with highly diverse microbes associated with host metabolism, physiology, and pathology. However, numerous animal gut microbes have not been cultured or reported. We isolated various bacterial species using culture-dependent approaches during a comprehensive investigation of endangered endemic vertebrate species in the Republic of Korea. A total of 18 unrecorded bacterial species were isolated from the feces of an Oriental stork (Ciconia boyciana), and from the intestinal tracts of a cobitid fish (Kichulchoia multifasciata) and a Korean splendid dace (Coreoleuciscus splendidus). Based on a phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, we discovered species belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria (eight species), Firmicutes (seven species), Proteobacteria (two species), and Bacteroidetes (one species). Based on their high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (>98.7%) and formation of monophyletic clades with type species, each species was classified into an independent and predefined bacterial species. Gram-stain reaction, colony and cell morphology, basic biochemical characteristics, isolation source, and NIBR IDs for each species are described in the species description section.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2010

In order to develop a new starter for fermented milk, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei BFI46 (BFI46) obtained from new-born infant feces was investigated for physiological characteristics. Good immunomodulating activity was evident compared with commercial lactic acid bacteria starter cultures. The optimum growth temperature of BFI46 was $40^{\circ}C$ with 12 h required to reach pH 4.3. Testing with 13 different antibiotics revealed greatest sensitivity of BFI46 to penicillin- G and chloramphenicol, and heightened resistance to neomycin, kanamycin and polymyxin. BFI46 displayed higher esterase activities compared to 18 other enzymes, was comparatively tolerant to bile juice and able to survive at pH 2 for 3 h, and displayed high resistance against Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium with a survival rate of 57.14% and 96.36%, respectively. The results indicate that BFI46 could be an excellent starter culture for fermented milk with high level of immunomodulating activity.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of MRS-C (0.05% L-cystein; pH 5) and BHI-CM (0.05% L-cystein, 0.5% mucin) agars for the selective isolation of bifidobacteria in fecal samples compared to blood-liver-NPNL (BL-NPNL) agar. Over 200 isolated colonies were characterized morphologically and biochemically. Genomic DNA was extracted from pure cultures of the isolated strains, followed by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene. Bifidobacterium longum and B. animalis were selectively isolated from MRS-C agar and Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus avium were also isolated. B. longum, B. faecale, and B. animalis were isolated from feces on BHI-CM agar; however, different Bacteroides strains (including Bac. fragilis, Bac. kiribbi, Bac. ovatus, Bac. koreensis, and Bac. salyersiae) were also detected. BL-NPNL agar successfully isolated B. longum and Bacillus, while other Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides species could not grow owing to the presence of antibiotics in the medium. The use of antibiotics in a medium can enhance the selectivity; however, antibiotics may inhibit the growth of certain bacteria in a sample. Hence, adjusting pH or adding non-antibiotic nutrients to the medium is more advantageous, than relying on antibiotics.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.761-763
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• 2020

Here we report the complete genome sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ATC6, which produces acidic cellulase, isolated from pig feces. The genome is 4,062,817 bp in length and has a guanine-cytosine (GC) content of 46.27%. Among the predicted 3,913 protein-coding genes, two glucanase genes, which are involved in lichenan and cellulose degradation, were found. This genome analysis helps clarify the mechanism involved in cellulose biodegradation and support its application for efficient use of livestock feeds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2010

In order to improve the availability of phytase and probiotics together, a phytase gene from Aspergillus ficuum has been expressed in Lactobacillus. In this study, the transformed Lactobacillus with phytase gene was fed to pigs to determine its effect on pig production, feed conversion and gut microbes. Forty eight, 60-day-old, castrated pigs (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Pietrain) were assigned to 6 groups, 8 pigs for each group. Group 1 was the control, group 2 was added with chlortetracycline (500 mg/kg), group 3 was added with the transformed Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 20% (w/w) of calcium monohydrogen phosphate (CMP, $CaHPO_{4}$) removed, group 4 was added with the natural Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 20% (w/w) of CMP removed, group 5 was added with the transformed Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 40% (w/w) of CMP removed, group 6 was added with phytase (500 mg/kg) with 40% (w/w) of CMP removed. The results showed: i) the average daily gain (ADG) was improved in groups 2, 3 and 4 (p<0.05); ii) the diarrhea rates in the groups added with Lactobacillus were lower than in the other groups (p<0.05), in which the transformed Lactobacillus had more effect on reducing digestive disease; iii) the transformed Lactobacillus was most effective in improving the digestibilities of crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), compared with the other groups (p<0.05); iv) Lactobacillus could increase lactic acid bacterium number and ammonia concentrations, and decrease pH values and E. coli number in pig feces (p<0.05); v) the phytase activity in the feces of pigs fed with the transformed Lactobacillus was 133.32 U/g, which was higher than in group 4 (9.58 U/g, p<0.05), and was almost the same as group 6 (135.94 U/g); vi) the transformed Lactobacillus could increase serum concentrations of IgA, triglyceride, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity (p<0.05), and had no significant effect on other serum indexes (p>0.05).

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1207-1212
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• 2016

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of replacing 40% corn meal with three different types of barley (Youngyang, Wooho, and Yuyeon) on the chemical compositions, microbial indices, gas emission, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) content in feces of growing pigs. Sixteen pigs (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc) with an initial average body weight of $71{\pm}2kg$ were maintained in metabolic cages and randomly allotted to four treatments containing different sources of barley, for 23 days. The treatment with three different barley types replacing 40% ground corn showed no effect (P>0.05) on fecal chemical compositions, microbial indices, gas emission, and VFA. However, some differences (P<0.05) were noted in the chemical compositions of crude fiber and ash, and in the levels of Lactobacillus and Salmonella in the feces of the growing pigs. In conclusion, methane and hydrogen sulfide decreased by replacing 40% corn meal with Youngyang and Wooho barley, respectively.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2020

Johne's disease (JD) caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is a chronic, wasting infectious disease in ruminants that causes enormous economic losses to the dairy and beef cattle industries. The most effective way to eradicate JD is to detect infected individuals as early as possible and remove them from the herd. However, it is difficult to detect infected individuals early with the currently using diagnostic methods. Two serological diagnostic kits commercially used worldwide and a fecal detection test were compared using 298 serum samples and feces of cattle in this study to present an efficient diagnostic method. Although there was a high correlation between the 2 serological diagnostic kits (R² = 0.7473), kit A showed a higher serological positive rate. However, the correlation between fecal tests and serological diagnosis was very low. MAP was also detected in fecal tests in many serologically negative individuals. In the periodical diagnosis of JD, MAP was detected in the feces of only cows with the higher antibody titer to MAP. These results suggest that for effective eradication of JD, early detection of infected individuals by fecal tests together with the serological tests currently in use and by removal of infected individuals are needed.