• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1693-1706
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• 2019

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of mainly infants and children. Currently, the development of safe and effective treatments for AD is urgently required. The present study was conducted to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of yeast-extracted β-1,3/1,6-glucan and/or Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) LM1004 against AD-like symptoms. To purpose, β-1,3/1,6-glucan and/or L. plantarum LM1004 were orally administered to AD-induced animal models of rat (histamine-induced vasodilation) and mouse (pruritus and contact dermatitis) exhibiting different symptoms of AD. We then investigated the treatment effects on AD-like symptoms, gene expression of immune-related factors, and gut microbiomes. Oral administration of β-1,3/1,6-glucan (0.01 g/kg initial body weight) and/or 2 × 10¹² cells/g L. plantarum LM1004 (0.01 g/kg initial body weight) to AD-induced animal models showed significantly reduced vasodilation in the rat model, and pruritus, edema, and serum histamine in the mouse models (p < 0.05). Interestingly, β-1,3/1,6-glucan and/or L. plantarum LM1004 significantly decreased the mRNA levels of Th2 and Th17 cell transcription factors, while the transcription factors of Th1 and Treg cells, galactin-9, filaggrin increased, which are indicative of enhanced immunomodulation (p < 0.05). Moreover, in rats with no AD induction, the same treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and the genus Bacteroides. Furthermore, bacterial taxa associated with butyrate production such as, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae at family, and Roseburia at genus level were increased in the treated groups. These findings suggest that the dietary supplementation of β-1,3/1,6-glucan and/or L. plantarum LM1004 has a great potential for treatment of AD as well as obesity in humans through mechanisms that might involve modulation of host immune systems and gut microbiota.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.439-442
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• 1999

An animal health monitoring system in Gyeongnam area (near-Chinju) was studied to evaluate the environmental risk factors, physical examinations and 4 disease entities(abomasal displacement, traumatic reticulopericarditis ＆ -peritonitis, milk fever and lameness) in 40(34 in second year)dairy herds (total 1253 dairy cattle). In feeding environments, we examined housing system, forage percentage in ration, stall types, playground, cleanness of stall. In housing system, most of herds (60%) have tie-stall types and 36 herds are open-type housing. The forage ratio of ration was less than 50% in most of herds (67%). 39 herds had their own playgrounds and the frequency of playground cleanness was irregular, Physical examinations included the T(temperature), P (pulse), R (respiration), abnormalities of superficial lymph nodes, claw examination and total CBC with blood from tail veins. T, P, R are within normal limits (T : 38.1$\pm$0.6$^{\circ}C$, P : 84.6$\pm$12.9/min., R : 24.0$\pm$7.6/min. ,respectively), the swelling of lymph nodes were shown in 13 cattle and overall claw trimming was required in 3 herds. In blood examination, 23 cattle showed leuko-cytosis and 7 cattle showed low RBC and hemoglobin level, the other cattle were within normal limits (WBC : 8.90$\pm$2.06 10$^3$/ul., RBC : 6.36$\pm$1.02 10$^{6}$ ul, Hb : 9.83$\pm$ 1.20 g/dl PCV : 27.43$\pm$5.67 %, respectively). In 4 disease entities, we found some metallic foreign bodies in men of 13 cattle, which had predisposing factors of traumatic reticulopericarditis and reticuloperitonitis, 13 abomasal displacement, 51 milk fever and lameness in 39 cattle.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.504-509
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• 1999

Background: Heart transplantation is considerated for a selected certain group of complicated congenital heart disease in neonates because corrective surgery is very difficult and has high mortality. Precise planning of transplantation is necessary to adequately fit the donor heart to the recipient. Material and Method: We have performed 4 neonatal pig heart transplantations to test the technical feasibility. Experiment 1: The transplantation was performed using the same technique as the adult heart transplantation. Experiment 2: The transplantation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome was simulated as we reconstructed the whole aortic arch with donor aorta. Experiment 3: The heart transplantation was done with radical pulmonary artery reconstruction. Experiment 4: The experiment was performed for a long term survival. Result: Preoperative planning was very important for adequate fitting. All animals could be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass, however, two animals died due to bleeding at pulmonary artery and left atrium. Conclusion: We concluded that the neonatal heart transplantation can be applied in some complicated Further using animal model is mandatory.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.132-132
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• 2002

Mostly, hypercholesterolemia has been focused on atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease and can be produced by intake of high cholesterol diet. However, toxic effects of cholesterol itself on liver and relationship between intake of high cholesterol diet and hepatic fibrosis have not been clearly investigated. Male Wistar rats were fed diet supplemented with 1.0 ％ cholesterol and 0.3 ％ sodium cholate for 12 weeks. Rats were sacrificed at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12, respectively. Histopathological and blood chemical studies were performed on these animal sets. Total cholesterol, AST, ALT and LDH levels increased from week 3 and maintained around that level throughout the experiment compared to control. However, TG and albumin levels were the same or lower than those of control. Intake of high cholesterol and sodium cholate diet caused hepatic necrosis, macrophage infiltration, steatosis and fibrosis. Following feeding this diet to rats, hepatic necrosis, macrophage infiltration and steatosis markedly increased throughout the experiment, comparing to control. Collagen deposition and myofibroblasts were detected from at week 9 to 12 in the liver. Mast cell increased in proportion to the degree of hepatic damages. In conclusion, these results suggest that intake of high cholesterol diet is a risk factor on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis as well as atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Furthermore, this animal model for hepatic fibrosis can be use for application of anti-fibrogenic agents screening in vivo.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 1994

It is generally known that mutations in any of several genes encoding photoreceptor-specific proteins have resulted in retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a disease characterized by losing photoreceptor function with progressive degeneration of photoreceptor cells and eventually leading to blindness. To study the procure and cure of photoreceptor degeneration, we produced transgenic mice. Transgene consisted of a 12.5kb genomic DNA fragment that contains mutated pig rhodopsin gene (Pro-347-Ser) including both the 5'-franking (4.0 kb) and the 3'-franking (2.9 kb) sequences. This gene was used for the production of transgenic mouse. The mutated rhodopsin DNA was microinjected into male pronuclei of fertilized mouse (C57BL /6]) embryos. We detected transgenic animals harboring mutated rhodopsin gene by PCR and Southern blot analysis. These transgenic mice showed stable transmission of microinjected rhodopsin gene into their offspring. Therefore these animals will provide a novel approach to study the mechanism of the photoreceptor degeneration and be provided as a disease model for the treatment of the blind in human.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.248-255
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• 2021

This study confirmed the effects of improving lung damage of celecoxib using an animal model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). It was induced in models LPS + CSE and performed in vitro and in vivo. MTT assay and real-time PCR were performed in MRC5 cells as in vitro, and mRNA expression, BALF, collagen content, and protein expression were confirmed as in vivo. Celecoxib reduced the number of inflammatory cells, cytokine and soluble protein accumulation in BALF, decreased body weight and lung weight in animal models, and improved lung collagen deposition. In addition, the reduction of EMT markers was confirmed through Western blotting and real-time PCR. Consequently, celecoxib is thought to improve lung damage of COPD induced to LPS+CSE by regulating EMT.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2017

HemoHIM, herbal preparation has designed for immune system recovery. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of HemoHIM on cigarette smoke (CS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mouse model. To induce COPD, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to CS for 1 h per day (eight cigarettes per day) for 4 weeks and intranasally received LPS on day 26. HemoHIM was administrated to mice at a dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg 1h before CS exposure. HemoHIM reduced the inflammatory cell count and levels of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-$1{\beta}$ in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) induced by CS+LPS exposure. HemoHIM decreased the inflammatory cell infiltration in the airway and inhibited the expression of iNOS and MMP-9 and phosphorylation of Erk in lung tissue exposed to CS+LPS. In summary, our results indicate that HemoHIM inhibited a reduction in the lung inflammatory response on CS and LPS induced lung inflammation via the Erk pathway. Therefore, we suggest that HemoHIM has the potential to treat pulmonary inflammatory disease such as COPD.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2021

Objectives : The root of Salvia miltiorrhiza, known as 'Dansam (DS, 丹參)', is used for and treating cardiovascular diseases based on its efficacy of promoting blood circulation and breaking through a blood stasis. In this study, we would like to see if DS could be effectively used for stroke from the perspective of network pharmacology. Methods : The analysis was conducted using Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database to derive the main active compounds of DS and identify the mechanism of each compound acting on the human body. The networks between compounds, target protein and disease were expressed through Cytoscape. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed using STRING database. Results : Fifty two active compounds of DS were identified by screening the ingredients of DS through TCMSP. Based on the networks of these compounds with target protein and disease, it can be said that DS might be effective for preventing and treating stroke. PPI result showed that adrenergic receptor has many interactions among proteins, indicating its significance in stroke pathway. Conclusion : In this study, we derived target proteins and target diseases of DS that could be used in study of stroke. However, since it is uncertain if these targets can be controlled by DS extracts or not, we would like to confirm the results with further animal experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.107-107
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• 2003

The activation of protooncogenes or the inactivation of their gene products may be a specific and effective functional study for human neoplasia. To examine this possibility, we have used the tetracycline regulatory system to generate transgenic mice that conditionally express the HccR-2 protooncogene in vivo. The new human cervical cancer protooncogene (HccR-2) was detected from cervical cancer cell line. To elucidate its biological functions, we generated transgenic mice that expressed the HccR-2 gene. The sustained expression of the HccR-2 transgene culminated chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL). CNL is a rare chronic myeloproliferative disorder that presents as a sustained, mature neutrophilic leukocytosis with few or no circulating immature granulocytes, the absence of peripheral blood monocytosis, basophilia, or eosinophilia, and infiltration of neutrophils at the liver, spleen and kidney. Mice expressing the HccR-2 and tetracycline-transactivating protein (tTa) transgene were found to have altered myeloid development that was characterized by increased percentages of mature neutrophil and band form neutrophil in the peripheral blood, liver and spleen. Activation of the transgene causes CNL. In our model, expression of HccR-2 transgene mice was similar in many respects to the human CNL. This model will be valuable not only for investigating the biological properties of the HccR-2 and other protooncogenes in vivo but also for analyzing the mechanism involved in the progression of CNL.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Control of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia is strongly correlated with decreased risk for cardiovascular disease, the most common and fatal diabetic complication. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of garlic and aged black garlic on glycemic control and blood lipid profile in animal model of type 2 diabetes. Three week-old db/db mice (C57BL/Ks, n=21) were fed AIN-93G semipurified diet or diet containing 5% freeze-dried garlic or aged black garlic for 7 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Fasting serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol and blood glycated hemoglobin were measured. Body weight and food intake of garlic and aged black garlic group were not significantly different from those of the control group. Fasting serum glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin levels were significantly decreased and insulin level was significantly increased in garlic group compared with control group (p<0.05). Consumption of aged black garlic significantly decreased homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and tended to decrease serum glucose. Garlic consumption significantly decreased total cholesterol, while aged black garlic significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and triglyceride and increased HDL-cholesterol levels. These results suggest that garlic exerts hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effect and aged black garlic improved insulin sensitivity and dyslipidemia in db/db mice.