• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2020

축산물 중 살균제 prochloraz 및 그의 대사체의 잔류량을 함께 정량분석할 수 있는 단성분 분석법을 개발하고자 하였다. 축산물 중 prochloraz의 잔류분의 정의가 'prochloraz와 2,4,6-trichlorophenol기를 포함하고 있는 대사산물의 합을 prochloraz로 함'이기 때문에 prochloraz 및 대사산물을 모두 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP)로 분해시킨 후 GC/ECD로 정량하는 정밀 분석법을 확립하였다. 대표 축산물인 소고기, 돼지고기, 닭고기, 우유 및 계란 중 prochloraz 잔류분을 acetone으로 추출하고 2,4,6-TCP로 분해한 후 dichloromethane으로 분배하고 aminopropyl SPE로 정제한 다음 2,4,6-TCP를 정량하였다. 본 분석법을 통한 기기정량한계와 분석법정량한계는 prochloraz의 경우 각각 0.01 ㎍/mL과 0.02 mg/kg이었으며 2,4,6-TCP는 0.005 ㎍/mL과 0.01 mg/kg이었다. 2,4,6-TCP를 이용한 표준검량선은 0.005-0.2 mg/L 범위에서 결정계수(R²) ≥0.995으로 직선성을 확인하였다. 분석법의 회수율은 분석정량한계 및 정량한계의 10배 처리수준에서 실시하여 모두 90% 이상이었고 변이계수는 10% 이하이었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 확립된 분석법은 축산물 중 prochloraz 및 대사체를 정량분석하는데 우수한 정확성 및 정밀도를 보였으며, 축산물 중 prochloraz 잔류분석을 위한 정밀시험법으로써 분석개발기준을 충족하였다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.48-51
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• 2014

Since the year of 2006 when the extended revision of the Codex Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds was undertaken, considerable progresses have been made in revising the Classification. This paper aimed to summarize the present status on revision of the Codex Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds, focusing remarkable achievements such as 1) the draft revision of the Codex Classification for the fruit commodity group and 2) the draft Principles and Guidance on the Selection of Representative Commodities for the Extrapolation of Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides to Commodity Groups, adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission in 2012. Additionally, it included information on lists of crop group or subgroup which are holding at Step 7 and were adopted at Step 5, and further have not been yet discussed by the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues. These information will be very helpful for a pesticide regulatory regime.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.162-167
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• 2018

본 연구는 과일류의 국내 명칭에 상응하는 코덱스 명칭과 코드번호, 그리고 변경 또는 검토가 요구되는 국내 명칭과 분류를 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 국내 명칭과 분류에 대해서는 식품공전과 식품의 농약 잔류허용기준 발간물을 그리고 코덱스에 대해서는 'Codex Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds'를 검토하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같았다. 첫째 구기자, 무화과, 석류, 오미자에 대한 분류가 국내와 코덱스가 다르므로 이에 대한 검토가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째 감, 감귤, 구기자, 금귤, 나무딸기, 대추, 대추야자, 리치, 매실, 머루, 모과, 복분자, 산딸기, 산수유, 앵두, 오미자, 유자, 으름, 자두, 코코넛, 키위, 탱자의 경우 국문 또는 영명을 국내에서 조차 달리 사용하고 있거나 코덱스와 차이가 있으므로 이들 식품 명칭에 대한 개정이나 검토가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째 복숭아의 경우 천도복숭아를 포함하는 지가 명확하지 않고 라즈베리와 나무딸기 둘 모두가 국내 영명이 Raspberry 이므로 이들 식품 명칭에 대한 면밀한 검토가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.359-366
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• 1993

Molds are eucaryotic, multicellular, multinucleate, filamentous organisms that reproduce by forming asexual and sexual spores. The spores are readily spread through the air and because they are very light-weight and tend to behave like dust particles, they are easily disseminated on air currents. Molds therefore are ubiquitous organisms that are found everywhere, throughout the environment. The natural habitat of most molds is the soil where they grow on and break down decaying vegetable matter. Thus, where there is decaying organic matter in an area, there are often high numbers of mold spores in the atmosphere of the environment. Molds are common contaminants of plant materials, including grains and seeds, and therefore readily contaminate human foods and animal feeds. Molds can tolerate relatively harsh environments and adapt to more severe stresses than most microorganisms. They require less available moisture for growth than bacteria and yeasts and can grow on substrates containing concentrations of sugar or salt that bacteria can not tolerate. Most molds are highly aerobic, requiring oxygen for growth. Molds grow over a wide temperature range, but few can grow at extremely high temperatures. Molds have simple nutritional requirements, requiring primarily a source of carbon and simple organic nitrogen. Because of this, molds can grow on many foods and feed materials and cause spoilage and deterioration. Some molds ran produce toxic substances known as mycotoxins, which are toxic to humans and animals. Mold growth in foods can be controlled by manipulating factors such as atmosphere, moisture content, water activity, relative humidity and temperature. The presence of other microorganisms tends to restrict mold growth, especially if conditions are favorable for growth of bacteria or yeasts. Certain chemicals in the substrate may also inhibit mold growth. These may be naturally occurring or added for the purpose of preservation. Only a relatively few of the approximately 100,000 different species of fungi are involved in the deterioration of food and agricultural commodities and production of mycotoxins. Deteriorative and toxic mold species are found primarily in the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Alternaria, Trichothecium, Trichoderma, Rhizopus, Mucor and Cladosporium. While many molds can be observed as surface growth on foods, they also often occur as internal contaminants of nuts, seeds and grains. Mold deterioration of foods and agricultural commodities is a serious problem world-wide. However, molds also pose hazards to human and animal health in the form of mycotoxins, as infectious agents and as respiratory irritants and allergens. Thus, molds are involved in a number of human and animal diseases with serious implication for health.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2019

국제식퓸규격위원회(Codex Alimentarius Commission, CAC)는 2007년에 식품분류 개정작업에 착수하여 현재 대부분의 식품군에 대한 개정을 완료한 상태이다. 채소류의 경우 개정작업이 2014년에 시작됐으며 2017년에 $40^{th}$ CAC에 의해 개정안이 채택되었다. 여기에서는 식품 안전 규제를 비롯해 다양한 식품분야에서 활용될 수 있도록 채소류에 대한 CAC(코덱스) 식품분류 개정 내용을 소개하였다. 그 내용을 간략히 보면 코덱스는 채소류를 다음과 같이 10개의 그룹으로 분류하였다: bulb vegetables (Group 009), Brassica vegetables (except Brassica leafy vegetables) (Group 010), fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits (Group 011), fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits (Group 012), leafy vegetables (including Brassica leafy vegetables) (Group 013), legume vegetables (Group 014), pulses (Group 015), root and tuber vegetables (Group 016), stalk and stem vegetables (Group 017), edible fungi (Group 018). 또한 이들 그룹 안에는 subgroup을 두어 채소류는 총 33개의 subgroup으로 분류되고 현재 총 430개의 채소종류에 commodity code가 부여되어 있다. 국내 식품의약품안전처는 채소류와 마찬가지로 서류, 두류, 버섯류를 대분류로 하여 이들을 채소류에 포함시키지 않고 있다. 또한 채소류를 6개의 소분류인 결구 엽채류, 엽채류, 엽경채류, 근채류, 박과 과채류, 박과 이외 과채류로 세분화하고 있다. 이와 같이 코덱스와 국내의 식품분류에 차이가 있으므로 코덱스 식품분류를 활용하는 데 주의가 요구된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2023

본 연구를 통해 국내 미기록속인 Tineola Herrich-Schäffer속의 Tieola bisselliella (Hummel, 1823)을 최초로 확인하였다. 해당 종은 모피, 양모, 깃털, 가죽 등 일상용품을 가해할 뿐만 아니라 미술, 역사, 또는 과학적으로 중요한 물품들을 가해하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 한국산 T. bisselliella의 성충 및 암수 생식기를 기재하고 도판을 제공하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2021

본 연구는 축산물 중 퀴녹사린계 살균제 chinomethionat의 잔류분석법을 확립하였다. 소고기, 돼지고기, 닭고기, 우유, 계란을 대표 시료로 선정하고 GC-ECD를 이용한 chinomethionat 단성분 정량 시험법을 개발하였다. 축산물 중 chinomethionat 잔류물을 acetone/dichloromethane (9/1, v/v)로 추출하고 추출첨가제 MgSO₄ 및 NaCl을 첨가한 후, dichloromethane로 분배하고 Florisil 흡착제로 정제하였다. 축산물 중 chinomethionat 정량한계는 0.02 mg/kg으로 결정되었으며, MLOQ 수준의 회수율은 84.8-100.9%, MLOQ 10배 수준에서는 85.7-103.0%의 우수한 회수율을 보였으며, 분석오차는 최대 5.2%로 재현성 역시 양호하였다. 본 연구에서 확립한 chinomethionat의 잔류분석법은 국내·외 축산물의 잔류농약 검사 및 분석에 적용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Agricultural use and pest control purposes of pesticides may lead to livestock products contamination. Thiodicarb and its degraded product, methomyl, are carbamate insecticides that protect soya bean, maize, fruit, and vegetables and control flies in animal and poultry farms. For maximum residue limit enforcement and monitoring, the JMPR residue definition of thiodicarb in animal products is the sum of thiodicarb and methomyl, expressed as methomyl. This residue definition was set to consider the fact that thiodicarb was readily degraded to methomyl in animal commodities. And therefore the simultaneous analytical method of thiodicarb and methomyl is required for monitoring in livestock products. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study was conducted using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method and HPLC-MS/MS to determine the thiodicarb and methomyl in livestock products. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.01 mg/kg for livestock products, including beef, pork, chicken, milk, and egg. The coefficient of determinations (r²) for the calibration curve were > 0.99, which was acceptable values for linearity. Average recoveries at spiked levels (LOQ, 10LOQ, and 50LOQ, n=5) in triplicate ranged from 73.2% to 102.1% and relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 10% in all matrices. CONCLUSION: The analytical method was validated for the performance parameters (specificity, linearity, accuracy, and precision) in livestock products to be acceptable by the CODEX guidelines.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2018

Purpose - Indonesian economy often receives negative impact from external factors, particularly through trade linkage. To mitigate that impact, the export market and product diversification should be established. Latin America is one of the potential regions to augment the Indonesian export market. Research design, data, and methodology - This study attempts to classify the potential market and product for Indonesian export, particularly in Latin America, by using panel regression, trade complementarity, and export similarity index over the period 2000-2015. Regression was also used to examine whether the presence of the Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) can support diversification. Results - Based on regression results, those indexes established Chile, Uruguay, Suriname, and Ecuador as the priority countries with the products: animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes; chemicals and related products; miscellaneous manufactured articles; commodities and transactions. Conclusions - The results of the regression concludes that the trade complementarity index gave a significant positive effect to boost Indonesian export, whereas, the export similarity index gave a significant negative effect. The regression also conclude that ITPC gave a significant positive impact on Indonesian export. For instance, the government should prioritize those countries and products and also develop ITPC there to optimize Indonesian export.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.58-62
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• 2012

To protect aquatic animal health of importing countries from the potential risks associated with exotic diseases introduced through international trade of live aquatic animals, inspection of designated commodities at ports of entry is a critical component of the safeguarding system. The only way to be 100% confident that no fishes in a shipment are infected with a specific agent is to test every fish in the commodity imported with a perfect diagnostic test. For the majority of cases, this is unrealistic since the group of interest may very large particularly for aquatic animals, or imperfect tests are often available. It is, therefore, more common to test a fixed proportion of a group by preplanned sampling schemes. However, decision making based on results of testing the sample can provide quite a chance that infected groups may be misclassified as uninfected, depending on sampling strategy employed. The objective of this study was to determine the possibility that one or more fishes in the group imported being infected but tests negative after inspecting samples. This question is critical to government authorities to examine whether sampling plan is sufficient to achieve the purpose intended for. At fixed population size, the maximum number of infected fishes when all tests negative was decreased as the sampling fraction increased. The probability of including at least one undetected but infected fish in a group for negative tests increased with the number of fish tested or true prevalence. The risk was much lesser where high sensitivity test was assumed; when increasing test sensitivity from 0.9 to 0.99, this risk was dramatically reduced to about a tenth or a fourth for prevalence ranges from 2 to 10%, given sample size ranges from 10 to 200. Based on the preliminary analysis, the author concluded that current sampling plan testing 4-8% of the import proposal for human consumption still can yield high false negative results. Therefore, from the quarantine inspection point of view, an enforced commodity-specific sampling design that accounts for the cost of testing with an imperfect test at the specified design prevalence is urgent.