• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권6호
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• pp.418-425
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• 2010

Background: Little is known about the long-term effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) treatment on post-tuberculosis emphysema. This study evaluated the effects of ACE inhibition on cardiac function and gas exchange in patients with post-tuberculosis emphysema. Methods: At baseline and at 6 months after initiation of ACE inhibition therapy, patients underwent pulmonary function testing, arterial blood gas analysis, and echocardiography, both at rest and post exercise. Cardiac output (CO) and right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) were measured at those time points as well. Results: After ACE inhibition; resting and post-exercise RVEF ($Mean{\pm}SEM,\;61.5{\pm}1.0,\;67.6{\pm}1.2%$, respectively) were higher than at baseline ($56.9{\pm}1.2,\;53.5{\pm}1.7%$). Resting and post-exercise CO ($6.37{\pm}0.24,\;8.27{\pm}0.34L/min$) were higher than at baseline ($5.42{\pm}0.22,\;6.72{\pm}0.24L/min$). Resting and post-exercise $PaO_2$ ($83.8{\pm}1.6,\;74.0{\pm}1.2mmHg$, respectively) were also higher than at baseline ($74.2{\pm}1.9,\;66.6{\pm}1.6mmHg$). Post-exercise $PaCO_2$($46.3{\pm}1.1mmHg$) was higher than at baseline ($44.9{\pm}1.1;\; Resting\;42.8{\pm}0.8\;vs.\;42.4{\pm}0.9mmHg$). Resting and post-exercise A-a $O_2$ gradient ($12.4{\pm}1.4,\;17.8{\pm}1.5 mmHg$) were lower than at baseline ($22.5{\pm}1.5,\;26.9{\pm}1.6mmHg$). Conclusion: In post-tuberculosis emphysema, RVEF and CO were augmented with a resultant increase in peripheral oxygen delivery after ACE inhibition. These findings suggest that an ACE inhibitor may have the potential to alleviate co-morbid cardiac conditions and benefit the patients with post-tuberculosis emphysema.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1997

In humans and many animal models with chronic progressive renal diseases, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor markedly attenuates the progression of nephropathy. Several studies have reported augmented gene expression and redistribution of renal renin in partial nephrectomized rats. Although precise mechanism(s) is not known, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may play an important role in the progression of renal diseases. Thus, this study was undertaken to examine the gene expression of renal renin, angiotensinogen, and $AT_1$ subtypes ($AT_{1A}$ and $AT_{1B}$) in rats with diabetic nephropathy, and the influences of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septicemia on the gene expression. Four weeks after streptozotocin (STZ) treatment (55 mg/kg, i.p.), rats were randomly divided into LPS-treated (1.6 mg/kg, i.p.) and control rats. At 6 hours after LPS treatment, the rats were killed and the kidney was removed from each rat. Northern blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)techniques were used to detect mRNA expression. STZ treatment markedly attenuated body weight gain and significantly increased blood glucose level. Renal renin content (RRC) was significantly decreased in the STZ-treated rats compared to that in control rats. The renal ACE activity between STZ-treated and control rats was not significantly different. Renal renin mRNA level was prominently increased, while angiotensinogen and $AT_{1A}$ mRNA levels were slightly decreased in STZ-treated rats compared to those in controls. $AT_1$B mRNA level did not differ in both groups. Acute LPS treatment did not show any significant changes of mRNA levels of intrarenal RAS components in both groups. These results suggest that intrarenal RAS components were differentially regulated in STZ-treated diabetic rats. Further studies are required to evaluate the relationship between intrarenal RAS and other vasomodulatory systems.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 1999

목 적 : ACE inhibitor는 주로 항고혈압제제로 사용되고 있으나 정상 혈압을 가진 신질환 환자에서 단독으로 쓰일 경우 단백뇨를 감소시키고 신기능을 보호하는 효과가 있음이 보고되었다. 그러나 소아 신증후군에서 스테로이드와 병합 투여할 경우 단백뇨 소실에 상승작용이 있는지에 대해서는 별로 알려진 바가 없다. 이에 저자들은 신증후군 환아에서 스테로이드와 ACE inhibitor인 Inhibace의 병합투여가 단백뇨 소실에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 원발성 신증후군으로 내원한 환아를 대상으로 치료방법에 따라 Prednisolone 2mg/kg/day를 단독으로 투여한 환아(대조군)와 Prednisolone 및 Inhibace 2.5mg/day를 같이 투여한 환아(Inhibace군)로 구분하였으며 이 중 치료에 반응을 보인 45명(대조군 29명, Inhibace군 16명)을 대상으로 치료결과를 비교하였다. 결 과 : 두 군간의 평균연령 및 남녀비는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 발병시 24시간 요중 단백량은 대조군 $699.6{\pm}1396.6 mg/m^2/hr$, Inhibace군 $624.9{\pm}275.1\;mg/m^2/hr$로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 스테로이드 투여 후 단백뇨 소실까지의 기간은 Inhibace군에서 $10.9{\pm}2.0$일로 대조군의 $13.6{\pm}4.0$일보다 유의하게 짧았고 (P<0.05) 성별 및 연령에 따른 차이는 없었다. 치료 전후의 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도는 대조군과 Inhibace군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었으며 Inhibace군에서 치료 전후에 크레아티닌 청소율의 유의한 변화는 없었다. 혈압의 변화는 두 군간에 유의한 차이는 없었으며 Inhibace 군에서 저혈압의 소견은 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 소아 신증후군에서 스테로이드와 ACE inhibitor의 병합투여는 스테로이드 단독 투여에 비해 완해에 이르는 기간을 단축시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 사료되며 앞으로 장기간의 ACE inhibitor의 투여가 재발율 및 관해 유지에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.1051-1058
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• 2005

본 연구는 구기자 요구르트의 생리활성 기능을 확인하기 위하여 항산화 활성, ACE 저해효과, $\alpha$-glucosidase 저해 활성을 조사하였고, 실험동물을 이용한 혈중 콜레스테롤 및 혈중 면역글로블린 함량도 조사하였다. 구기자 추출액 첨가 요구르트의 항산화 활성은 물 추출물보다 methanol 추출물에서 더 높은 항산화 활성능을 보였으며, 특히 구기엽 추출액 첨가 요구르트에서 83.85%의 높은 활성능을 보였다. ACE 저해효과는 구기자 추출액 첨가 요구르트의 경우 물 추출물과 methanol 추출물 모두가 ACE 저해능이 높은 것으로 나타났다. $\alpha$-glucosidase 저해 활성은 구기자, 구기엽 및 지골피 추출액 4% 첨가 요구르트에서 methanol 추출물의 경우 각각 8.6%, 7.3%, 8.8%의 $\alpha$-glucosidase 저해능을 나타냈다. 구기자 추출액 4% 첨가 요구르트 및 지골피 추출액 4% 첨가 요구르트를 섭취한 rat의 혈중 콜레스테롤 농도 측정 결과는 일반 요구르트 섭취군, 구기자 추출액 첨가 요구르트 섭취군 및 지골피 추출액 첨가 요구르트 섭취군은 대조구인 요구르트 무섭취군 혈중 콜레스테롤 농도보다 약 25% 정도 줄어 들었으나, 일반 요구르트 섭취군, 구기자 추출액 첨가 요구르트 섭취군 및 지골피 추출액 첨가 요구르트 간의 콜레스테롤 농도는 거의 변화가 없었다. 혈중 면역글로블린(IgG) 측정결과는 지골피 추출액 첨가 요구르트 섭취군은 무첨가 요구르트 섭취군과 구기자 추출액 첨가 요구르트 섭취군 보다 일정한 수준으로 30일간 혈중 면역글로블린 수치가 다소 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.265-269
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• 2004

생리활성 보유 식물자원 발굴 및 이용을 위해 큰까치수영 지상부에 대한 항산화 및 항고혈압 활성을 검정하였으며 페놀화합물의 함량은 메탄올 추출물이 2.62%, 물 추출물이 0.23%였고 메탄올 추출물에서 얻어진 용매별 분획물 중에서는 에틸차세테이트 분획이 37.76%로 가장 함량이 높았다. Linoleic acid 자동산화에 대한 저해효과는 메탄올 추출물이 반응 6일째에 83%이상의 저해율을 보여 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$의 -2%보다 탁월하게 우수였으며 각 분획물 중에서는 핵산 및 에텔 분획이 매우 효과적으로 자동산화를 저해하였다. Superoxide anion 라디칼에 대헤서는 큰까치수영의 메탄올 추출물과 물 추출물이 $5{\sim}200\;{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 $86{\sim}109%$ 및 $96{\sim}122%$로 항산화제인 ascorbic acid의 $-4{\sim}69%$보다 월등하게 우수한 소거능을 보였으며 DPPH 라디칼에 대해서는 에틸아세테이트분획이 $26.8\;{\mu}g/ml$의 $RC_{50}$로 좋은 소거 효과를 나타내었다. ACE에 대한 저해활성은 $4,000\;{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 물 추출물(33%)보다는 메탄올 추출물(71%)이 효과적이었으며 분획물 중에서는 n-hexane fraction(133%), ether fraction(100%) 및 ethylacetate fraction(88%) 분획이 매우 효과적인 저해활성을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.296-301
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• 2001

혹진주벼 미강으로부터 생리기능성 물질을 추출하여 이들을 이용한 생리기능성 제품을 개발하기 위하여 먼저 흑진주벼 미강에 함유되어있는 유용물질들을 추출한 후 이들의 생리기능성을 측정하였고 미강 중에 많이 함유되어있는 ACE저해활성물질과 혈전용해활성물질, 전자공여물질과 tyrosinase 저해물질들의 추출최적조건을 검토하였다. ACE 저해활성과 혈전용해활성 및 tyrosinase 저해활성은 물 추출액에서 높았고 전자공여능은 hexane 추출액에서 높았다 그러나 SOD 유사활성과 아질산염 소거활성은 없거나 매우 미약하였다. 흑진주벼 미강에 물을 1 : 20으로 첨가하여 2$0^{\circ}C$ 에서 12시간 추출하였을 때 ACE 저해활성물질이 가장 많이 추출되었고 물을 1 : 10으로 하여 35$^{\circ}C$에서 18시간 추출하였을 때 혈전용해활성물질이 가장 많이 추출되었다. 또한 전자공여물질은 20배의 hexane으로 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 18시간, tyrosinase 저해제는 10배의 물로 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 18시간 추출하였을 때 가장 많이 용출 되었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.14-17
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• 1999

Bovine hide and pig skin gelatins were prepared and their molecular weight profiles were examined by SDS-PAGE. The major molecular weights of bovine hide gelatin were 220 kDa, 140kDa, and 130kDa and the weights of pigskin gelatin were 210 kDa, 135kDa and 120kDa. Also , as a typical parameter of rheological property of the gelatin , viscosities of gelatin were measured under various conditions. Gelatin hydrolysates were prepared using typical commerical proteases and their angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities were examined.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.667-674
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• 2017

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is metabolized from N-terminal by aminopeptidases and from C-terminal by Ang converting enzyme (ACE) to generate several truncated angiotensin peptides (Angs). The truncated Angs have different biological effects but it remains unknown whether Ang-(4-8) is an active peptide. The present study was to investigate the effects of Ang-(4-8) on hemodynamics and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion using isolated beating rat atria. Atrial stretch caused increases in atrial contractility by 60% and in ANP secretion by 70%. Ang-(4-8) (0.01, 0.1, and $1{\mu}M$) suppressed high stretch-induced ANP secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Ang-(4-8) ($0.1{\mu}M$)-induced suppression of ANP secretion was attenuated by the pretreatment with an antagonist of Ang type 1 receptor ($AT_1R$) but not by an antagonist of $AT_2R$ or $AT_4R$. Ang-(4-8)-induced suppression of ANP secretion was attenuated by the pretreatment with inhibitor of phospholipase (PLC), inositol triphosphate ($IP_3$) receptor, or nonspecific protein kinase C (PKC). The potency of Ang-(4-8) to inhibit ANP secretion was similar to Ang II. However, Ang-(4-8) $10{\mu}M$ caused an increased mean arterial pressure which was similar to that by 1 nM Ang II. Therefore, we suggest that Ang-(4-8) suppresses high stretch-induced ANP secretion through the $AT_1R$ and $PLC/IP_3/PKC$ pathway. Ang-(4-8) is a biologically active peptide which functions as an inhibition mechanism of ANP secretion and an increment of blood pressure.

• 약학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.88-101
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• 1990

Captopril, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, when given intravenously in dog, elicited the diuretic action along with the increases of glomerular filtration rates (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF) and osmolar clearances (Cosm) with no changes of free water clearnces ($C_{H_2O}$), and then captopril produced the enlargement of excretion rates of electrolytes in urine and the reduction of reabsorption rates of electrolytes in renal tubles. Captopril, when given into a renal artery, exhibited no changes of renal function in the experinental kidney, whereas diuretic action with the same mechanism as shown in intravenous captopril in control kidney. Captopril, when injected into a carotid artery, showed increases in rates of urine flow in a small does which did not affect on renal action when it was administered intravenusly. Diuretic action induced by captopril was not influenced by renal artery denervation, propranolol and angiotensin II inhibiters. Above results suggest that captopril produced diuretic action along with renal hemodynamic changes by slight contraction of vas efferense and reduction of reabsorption rate of electrolytes in renal tubules, especilly distal tubules, that may be mediatedby endogenous substances.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.174-178
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• 2011

This study aimed to determine the degree of hydrolysis and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity of Giant Jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai (jellyfish) hydrolysates. The degree of hydrolysis using six proteolytic enzymes (Alcalase, Flavozyme, Neutrase, papain, Protamex, and trypsin) ranged from 13.1-36.8% and the inhibitory activities from 20.46-79.58%. Using papain hydrolysate, we newly isolated and characterized ACE-inhibitory peptides with a molecular weight of 3,000-5,000 Da that originated from jellyfish collagen. The purified peptide (FII-b) was predicted to be produced from an alpha-2 fragment of the type IV collagen of jellyfish. The N-terminal sequence of FII-b was Asp-Pro-Gly-Leu-Glu-Gly-Ala-His-Gly- and showed 87% identity to the collagen type IV alpha-2 fragment of Rattus norvegicus and a predicted protein from Nematostella vectensis, indicating that the ACE-inhibitory peptide originated from the collagen hydrolysate and had an $IC_{50}$ value of 3.8 ${\mu}g$/mL. The primary structure of the fragment is now being studied; this peptide represents an interesting new type of ACE inhibitor and will provide knowledge of the potential applications of jellyfish components as therapies for hypertension.