• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.141-150
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study was to elucidate the antioxidant effect of solvent fractions of Angelica gigas root. Methods: The ethanol extract of Angelica gigas root was suspended in water and then partitioned with dichloromethane (MC Fr.), ethyl acetate (EA Fr.) and butanol (BuOH Fr.), sequentially. The antioxidant activities of solvent fractions of Angelica gigas root were evaluated for radical scavenging activity against stable free radicals (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) DPPH, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radicals. In addition the antioxidant activities of solvent fractions of Angelica gigas root against peroxyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrites were determined by the total oxy-radical scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay. Results: Among the solvent fractions of MC Fr., EA Fr., and BuOH Fr., BuOH Fr. was found to have stronger antioxidant activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 59.72, 14.36, 30.96 and $44.75\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ on the DPPH radical, nitrite, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, than BHA used as a positive control. Moreover, specific TOSC values(564.8, 276.4 and 405.5 TOSC/mM) of BuOH fr. against peroxyl radicals, hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite were 4 times higher than GSH (136.5, 67.4 102.6 TOSC/mM) used as a positive control. Conclusions: These results suggest that the BuOH fr. of Angelica gigas root has a high antioxidant activity and can be useful to develop functional food against oxidative stress conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.1079-1085
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• 2011

We investigated the biological activities of extracts from the flowers of Angelica gigas Nakai. The $IC_{50}$ of the DPPH radical scavenging activity was 3,535 and 105.0 ${\mu}g/mL$ in the water and ethanol extracts, respectively, whereas it was 12.7 ${\mu}g/mL$ for ascorbic acid. The results showed that the total polyphenol content of the ethanol extracts (48.43${\pm}$0.18 mg/g) was higher than that of the water extracts (39.03${\pm}$0.69 mg/g). The flavonoid content of the ethanol extracts (67.02${\pm}$4.38 mg/g) was higher than that of the water extracts (50.32${\pm}$1.24 mg/g). The ethanol extract showed a 34.45% lower ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity than that for acarbose. The ethanol extract showed a 23.62% lower ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibition activity compared with that for acarbose. The water extract showed 16.76% lower pancreatic lipase inhibition activity. Anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity was also lower. These results suggest that the flower of Angelica gigas Nakai may be useful as an anti-oxidative agent.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.543-547
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• 2001

The hot water extraction(HWE) has many problems such as a low extract yield and a reduced flagrance by excessive heating during concentration process notwithstanding it has been the general method to get the extract from the traditional chinese medicines Astragalas manbranaceus Bunge and Angelica gigas Nakai. For that reason, adopted the alcohol extraction In this research and got the good results of the 65% and 75% extract yield of Astragalas manbranaceus Bunge and Angelica gigas Nakai respectively, 15% and 36% increased compare with 50% and 39% (w/w) of HWE. The differences of extraction process between the HWE and alcohol extraction is substituting alcohol for water of extraction were concentrated at the relatively low temperature 90$\^{C}$ compare with the thermal extraction temperature 104$\^{C}$ . This alcohol extract, has the outstanding effect collecting the original fragrance at the low temperature. Applying this extract to starch syrup and beverage, expected that those contain a sufficient flavor as well as fragrance without artificial spices.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.349-362
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• 2014

This study was designed to maximize extract yields of functional components in Angelica gigas Nakai by extrusion process. In addition, the optimizing condition of the extrusion process was established to increase the extraction of the functional components in A. gigas. The total polyphenol was increased by 40% compared to a control. And the optimizing condition was that the screw speed was 62.76 rpm, the amount of A. gigas powder was 34.79 kg/h, and the amount of water was 4.44 kg/h. The result of antioxidant activities of A. gigas extrusion, the inhibition of oxidization had the effect of 10.29 ~ 14.59% compared to a control. The content of decursin and decursinol angelate, which were index components, was 6.37%; it was increased by 16.64% compared to a control (5.31%) and showed a significantly difference (p < 0.05). And the optimizing condition was the screw speed 93.71 rpm, the amount of A. gigas powder was 28.67 kg/h, and the amount of water was 9.9 kg/h.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1190-1198
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• 2011

Extraction methods of medicinal plants were evaluated for growth enhancing effects of human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Hot-water extraction (reflux for 5 hr), hot-water extraction post treatment (100$^{\circ}C$ or 120$^{\circ}C$, 90 min) and ethanol extraction (reflux for 5 hr) methods were applied to Angelica gigas, Rhemania glutinosa, Paeonia lactiflora and Cnidium officinale samples to extract their constituents. Cells were treated for 2 hr with various concentrations of extracts (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 ${\mu}g/{\mu}l}$ media) prior to $H_2O_2$ (250 ${\mu}M$) treatment for 2 hr to provide oxidative stress. Cell viability, caspase-3 expression and apoptosis were measured for cells treated with sample extracts. Hot-water extract exhibited a stronger growth enhancing and apoptosis protecting ability than other extracts. These activities were shown at less than 1 ${\mu}g/{\mu}l}$ concentration, and not greater than 2 ${\mu}g/{\mu}l}$ concentration. Hot-water extract contained more polyphenolic compounds than other extracts coming along with stronger antioxidant activity. The efficacy of antioxidant activity was stronger in the hot-water extract of Angelica gigas than other hot-water extracts of medicinal plants. These results suggest that hot-water extraction is an appropriate method to extract materials for growth enhancing and apoptosis protection of SK-N-SH cells, and hot-water extracts of Angelica gigas might be useful materials for protection from aging brain cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.300-306
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• 2000

In the present studies, we assessed the stability of active components and toxicological safety of irradiated Angelica gigas Nakai(Danggui). In order to confirm the stability of active components in the ${\gamma}$-irradiated roots of Danggui, the quantitative analysis of decursin and decursinol angelate of ${\gamma}$-irradiated sample was carried out by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods using reverse phase columns and normal phase columns. From the root of Danggui, decursin and decursinol angelate were isolated by a silica gel column chromatography(toluene : ether (1 : 1), Hexane : EtOAc(15 : 1)). And then the structures were confirmed in the 1H and 13C-NMR analysis. The HPLC chromatograms of decursin and decursinol angelate in ${\gamma}$-irradiated Danggui were similar with those of non-irradiated sample. In the examination of in vitro genotoxicity of the water extract from ${\gamma}$-irradiated Danggui using Salmonella reversion assay(Ames test) and micronucleus test in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, mutagenicity was not exhibited in the two assays with or without metabolic activation. These resutls suggest that active components in the ${\gamma}$-irradiated Danggui should be stable and that the safety of ${\gamma}$-irradiated Danggui could be revealed in further test in vivo.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.134-139
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• 2000

Angelica gigas Nakai (danggui) is a popular herb which has been used as a blood-building decoction for recovery from weakness in the Chinese medicine. Its demand increased in functional foods and pharmaceutical industries. For its hygiene, fumigation has been used, but the use of fumigants are going to be prohibited for food processing. In order to investigate gamma irradiation technique for hygiene of danggui, the immunomodulation activity of danggui after irradiation was examined. The water extract of irradiated danggui showed a strong mitogenic effect on splenocytes in vitro to the same level of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The effect was not different from that of non-danggui. It was tested whether there was any difference between irradiated and non-irradiated danggui in effects on the secretion of antibodies and graft versus host reaction in vivo. It turned out that intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of the extract of irradiated danggui for 4 days remarkably increased the number of antibody-secreting cells in mice injected with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Splenomegaly, due to graft versus host reacton, was also increased after 7 days i.p. administration of the extract of danggui in mice injected with allogeneic splenocytes. In these two in vivo test, the effect were not different from those of non-irradiated danggui. These results indicated that immunomodulation activity of danggui might be preserved after irradiation. In the other experiments (data not shown), the irradiated danggui was stable in active component analysis and safe in genetic toxicity test. In further research, the stability in other physiological activity of irradiated danggui will have to be proved before practical application of irradiation for hygiene.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.85-93
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• 2014

Objectives : We compared with the effects of different parts (root head, root body and hairy root) of Angelica gigas Nakai (Angelicae Gigantis Radix, AG) with on middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)-induced ischemic rats, and on LPS-induced inflammatory response in BV2 microglia. Methods : The 30% ethanol and water extracts of different parts of AG were prepared. Each extract (50 and 100 mg/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally once in MCAO-induced ischemic rats. We measured infarction volumes by TTC staining, and investigated the expression of iNOS, Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 by Western blot. BV2 cells were treated with each extract for 30 min, and then stimulated with LPS. The levels of NO was measured by Griess assay. The expression of iNOS, Cox-2 and proinflammatory cytokines ($TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, and IL-6) were determined RT-PCR and Western blot. The phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK MAPK was determined by Western blot. Results : Among different parts of AG, the 30% ethanol and water extracts of hairy root significantly decreased infarction volume in ischemic brains and inhibited the expression of iNOS, bax and caspase-3. The extracts of hairy root significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of NO, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 in BV2 cells, and suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2. The hairy root extracts attenuated LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK MAPK in BV2 cells. Conclusions : Our results indicate that the root hairy of AG has a good neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in ischemic stroke compared to other parts.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2012

Objective : Angelica Gigas Nakai is a popular oriental medicine used for the treatment of vascular diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate neuroprotective effect of the water extract of Anelicae Gigantis Radix Palva (AG) in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO)-induced ischemic rats via the regulation of angiogenesis-related molecules. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally administrated with AG water extract at doses of 10, 25, 50 mg/kg body weight after tMCAO (90 min occlusion). reperfusion for 24 hr infarction volumes were measured by 2,3,5-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Brain tissues were observed neuronal cell injuries by nissl staining, and also brain-blood barrier (BBB) permeability change by evans blue. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and Tie-2 receptor protein in brain tissues was determined by western blot. Results : AG water extract significantly reduced infarction volume in ischemic brains of rats, degradation of neuronal cell, BBB permeability and expression of VEGF protein dose-dependently. Ang-1 protein was increased dose-dependantly, not significantly. Conclusion : This study suggests that AG water extract shows neuroprotective effect by preventing BBB breakdown, with regulating angiogenesis factor VEGF and Ang-1.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1112-1118
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• 2004

This study was carried out to evaluate the free radical scavenging effect and antioxidant effect of Cham-Dang-Gui (Angelica gigas) on cyclophosphamide (CYP) injected rats. Rats were divided into five groups： CON (normal group), ANS (CYP-injected and normal diet group), AND (CYP-injected and normal diet and Cham-Dang-Gui-treated group), ALS (CYP-injected and low iron diet group), and ALD (CYP-injected and low iron diet and Cham-Dang-Gui-treated group). CYP (30 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to rats for early 3 days. Saline or Cham-Dang-Gui was administrated orally for entire experimental period. DPPH radical scavenger activity was measured by DPPH method, it was shown higher in methanol extract (81.5％) than in water extract (66.3％) of Cham-Dang-Gui. We observed the preventive effects of Cham-Dang-Gui on lipid oxidation of liver and protein oxidation of plasma. Hepatic SOD and catalase activities were significantly higher in CYP-injected group (ANS) than CON group, but SOD activity was slightly lowered in Cham-Dang-Gui treated group than CYP-injected group (ANS). These results suggest that extract of Cham-Dang-Gui could be useful for functional materials to reduce the oxidation of lipids and protein induced by free radicals.