• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.51-52
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• 2019

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.277-291
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the dental hygienists' overall performance in operative restoration and the clinical performance in operative restoration according to dental hygienists' career and to provide basic data for establishing the appropriate range of dental hygienists' work. Subjects of this study are 339 dental hygienists working at dental clinic and hospital nationwide, selected by their working place, career, type of clinic, and location of clinical institution. The distribution of people who responded to the survey shows that 81 belong to beginner level(less than 2 years since entering clinic), 115 intermediate level(2 to 3 years since entering clinic), 81 higher level(4 to 5 years since entering clinic) and 62 advanced level(more than 6 years since their entering clinic). In terms of the types of clinical institution, 178 belong to dental clinics and 161 belong to dental hospitals. The survey used in this study are focused on perception about clinical performance in operative dentistry and adequacy of the work. Operative dentistry consists of operative restoration and endodontic therapy. The operative restoration consists of 15 categories such as patient welcoming, examination and diagnosis, planning of treatment, anesthesia, control of moisture, cavity preparation, pulp protection, matrix band application, amalgam filling, resin filling, glass ionomer cement filling, abrasive strip removal, rubber dam removal, bite check and polishing, patient education, and arrangement. The reliability was Cronbach's Alpha .9453. SPSS 10.0 for Windows was used to analyze the responses. One way ANOVA was utilized to verify the differences in the dental hygienists' job performance in operative restoration and their job performance according to career. When significant difference was found. Duncan multi comparison post hoc was done. To sum up the results of this study, patient welcoming look the first place in the operative restoration. It was followed by patient education, examination and diagnosis, introducing treatment plan, resin filling, glass ionomer cement filling, amalgam filling, bite check and polishing, anesthesia, pulp protection, control of moisture, abrasive strip removal, cavity preparation, matrix band application, rubber dam removal, and anesthesia. In terms of the clinical performance by career, there were significant differences in 19 activities such as medical eraluation, oral examination, patient charting, intra oral readio graphs, firm developing fixing mounting, curing light gun, education of attention content after operation. Based on the results of this study, the specific range of operative restoration for dental hygienists should be focused on providing basic data for dentists' diagnosis, alleviation of fear and aching accompanied by injection and anesthesia, data providing for dentists' decision of anesthesia degree, and maximization of control of moisture.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of musical therapy and the differences of two different ways of musical therapy: the closed musical therapy using a headset and the open musical therapy using cassette player. Methods: his study was designed with the non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The research cases were 60 spinal and epidural anesthesia surgery patients at K University Hospital in C city from January 3, to March 31, 2005. We measured trait & state anxiety, blood sugar level, vital signs. The group was divided into two: experimental and control group. Results: 1) There are no significant differences between an experimental group and a control group in homogeneity test. 2) We can see that musical therapy during operations stabilizes blood pressure, and reduces sugar level in blood, and decreases psychological anxiety. 3) And the closed musical therapy has more obvious and significant effects than the open musical therapy. Conclusion: We could conclude our study here saying musical therapy during operations is necessary in easing patients' anxieties. More advanced researches on the subject are required to prove validity of the findings in our pilot study.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2010

Tremors are trembling movements and are seen in association with alcoholic intoxication, certain drugs, thyrotoxicosis, multiple sclerosis, hysteria, and nervous tension. Dental fears, such as, pain, drill, unknown, dependency, helplessness, mutilation and oral change, induce the neuroendocrine response (release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, etc). The clinical manifestations of epinephrine or other vasopressor overdose include : anxiety, tenseness, restlessness, throbbing headache, tremor, perspiration, weakness, dizziness, pallor, palpitation and respiratory difficulty. Signs of local anesthetic overdose appear clinically whenever the anesthetic level in the blood rises to an appropriate level in an individual. The clinical signs of moderate overdose levels include : talkativeness, apprehension, excitability, slurred speech, tremor and muscular twitching. This is a case report about the severe tremor care after the endodontic treatment under right mandibular block anesthesia in a 56-years old female patient.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.181-185
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• 2001

Background: Bradycardia frequently occurs in intravenous anesthesia with propofol. Additionally, the thoracic sympathetic nerves influence the heart so that the heart rate (HR) and blood pressure are expected to decrease due to this procedure. Therefore, we measured changes in HR, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and both thumb temperatures before and after thoracic sympathicotomy under total intravenous anesthesia with propofol. Methods: The subjects included 21 outpatients of ASA class I who received thoracoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy under total intravenous anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with propofol (2 mg/kg) and vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg) and maintained with propofol-fentanyl-oxygen (100%). The surgical procedure was performed at the T3 level in the order of left sympathicotomy (LST) and right sympathicotomy (RST). Measurements of HR, MAP and both thumb temperatures were taken before induction of anesthesia, before and after LST and RST, and 1 hour after the completion of anesthesia. Additionally, the time to the beginning of a rise in temperature in both thumbs after sympathicotomy was recorded. Results: HR did not show any significant difference before or after sympathicotomy, however it decreased at 1 hour after the completion of anesthesia. MAP decreased after LST and decreased further after RST. Left thumb temperature began to increase at $45.8{\pm}10.7$ seconds after LST. Right thumb temperature initially decreased after LST and increased from $45.2{\pm}11.8$ seconds after RST. Subsequently, both increased temperatures were maintained at 1 hour after the completion of anesthesia. Conclusions: Although HR and MAP decreased, there were no severe hemodynamic changes. An increase in the thumb temperature was confirmed within 1 minute after sympathicotomy on the same side.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.540-545
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• 2012

Background Patients have anxiety and fear of complications due to general anesthesia. Through new instruments and local anesthetic drugs, a variety of anesthetic methods have been introduced. These methods keep hospital costs down and save time for patients. In particular, the target-controlled infusion (TCI) system maintains a relatively accurate level of plasma concentration, so the depth of anesthesia can be adjusted more easily. We conducted this study to examine whether intravenous anesthesia using the TCI system with propofol and remifentanil would be an effective method of anesthesia in breast augmentation. Methods This study recruited 100 patients who underwent breast augmentation surgery from February to August 2011. Intravenous anesthesia was performed with 10 mg/mL propofol and 50 ${\mu}g/mL$ remifentanil simultaneously administered using two separate modules of a continuous computer-assisted TCI system. The average target concentration was set at 2 ${\mu}g/mL$ and 2 ng/mL for propofol and remifentanil, respectively, and titrated against clinical effect and vital signs. Oxygen saturation, electrocardiography, and respiratory status were continuously measured during surgery. Blood pressure was measured at 5-minute intervals. Information collected includes total duration of surgery, dose of drugs administered during surgery, memory about surgery, and side effects. Results Intraoperatively, there was transient hypotension in two cases and hypoxia in three cases. However, there were no serious complications due to anesthesia such as respiratory difficulty, deep vein thrombosis, or malignant hypertension, for which an endotracheal intubation or reversal agent would have been needed. All the patients were discharged on the day of surgery and able to ambulate normally. Conclusions Our results indicate that anesthetic methods, where the TCI of propofol and remifentanil is used, might replace general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation in breast augmentation surgery.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.135-138
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• 2005

Robotic devices have been widely used in many medical applications due to their accuracy and programming ability. One of the applications is a virtual reality medical simulator, which trains medical personnel in a computer generated environment. In this paper, we are going to present an application, an epidural anesthesia trainer. Because performing epidural injections is a delicate task, it demands a high level of skill and precision from the physician. This trainer uses a robotic device and computer controlled solenoid valve to recreate interaction forces between the needle and the various layers of tissues around the spinal cord. The robotic device is responsible for generation of interaction forces in real time and can be used to be haptic guidance that allows the user to follow a previous recorded expert procedure and feel the encountered forces.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2020

This study was conducted in order to determine the effect of intraoperative hemoglobin changes on intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM). This was a retrospective study that included 339 participants who underwent cerebrovascular surgery. We compared anesthetic agents, intraoperative hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood transfusion, and blood loss. We examined motor evoked potential and sensory evoked potential to patients. There were significant differences in hemoglobin changes, bleeding levels, transfusion, anesthesia time, and postoperative mobility disorders. Moreover, compared with patients who received transfusions, those who did not receive transfusion had a lower average hemoglobin level, as well as a higher bleeding amount, and a need of higher anesthesia time and anesthetic dose. Also, we found vasospasm occurred while surgery can bring adverse results after operation. This study showed that an intraoperative decrease in hemoglobin levels affects the function of cerebral perfusion, which could result in abnormal nerve monitoring results. However, as this study could not find a relation of anesthetics to IONM, there is a need for further research regarding the association between anesthetics and hemoglobin changes and IONM.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.334-338
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• 2000

Even though it is not practical, yet there is a trend of the researches related to the anesthesia on the determination of depth of anesthesia and level of consciousness in the view point of neurophysiological aspects. That is, quantification of physiological signals which represent human brain function and pharmacological response could be used to find the level of consciousness based on the changes in physiological signals. This research was performed to analyze the relationship between parameters extracted from LAEP(long latency auditory evoked potential) and the amount of sedatives injected to the patients. Seventeen patients were participated for the experiment. Two different sedatives, midazolam and diazepam, were injected intramuscularly, and LAEPs caused by 1KHz and 2KHz auditory tone bust were obtained. It was found that amplitude of extracted parameters from LAEP, N100 and P300, were reduced as dose of sedatives were increased. Results of this study could be used for extracting more meaningful index and establishing algorithm for predicting changes of level of consciousness induced by sedatives.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.84-88
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• 2000

Background: An increase in the maximum level of sensory blockade (MLSB) following an epidural top-up in combined spinal epidural anesthesia (CSE) may be achieved by a volume effect as the volume of local anesthetic compresses the dural sac, by a local anesthetic effect, or by a combination of both effects. This study was conducted to investigate the contribution of each of these effects. Methods: Sixty patients scheduled for lower limb surgery under CSE were randomly allocated to one of three groups of twenty patients each. Using the needle-through needle technique, all patients received a subarachnoid dose of 10 mg hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine. At 30 min after subarachnoid injection, an epidural top-up with saline 10 ml (group II) or 0.5% bupivacaine 10 ml (group III) was administered; patients in group I received no epidural top-up. The level of sensory blockade was assessed at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 min after subarachnoid injection and at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 min after epidural top-up. Results: There was no significant difference in the MLSB and the onset time of MLSB among group I-III. Conclusions: We concluded that the epidural top-up with saline 10 ml or 0.5% bupivacaine 10 ml which injected at 30 min after subarachnoid injection did not significantly increase the level of subarachnoid block in lower extremity surgical patients.