• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.302-307
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• 1998

Hemolytic anemia due to cold agglutinin disease is a known complication of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection but is rarely observed, particularly in children. A case of Mycoplasma pneumonia complicated with hemolytic anemia is presented. A 7 year-old girl was adimitted because of fever, cough, sputum and pale appearance. Chest X-ray showed pneumonic consolidation of Rt. upper lobe, lingular division. Laboratory studies disclosed the following values : Hb 5.3g/dL, Hct 11.1%, reticulocyte 2.9%, indirect Coombs test negative, direct Coombs test(monovalent) Anti-C3d positive, Anti-IgG negative, Anti-IgM negative, cold agglutinin titer 1 : 256, mycoplasma antibody titer 1 : 640, total bilirubin 1.0mg/dL. Initial PBS before wanning showed agglutination of red blood cells. The diagnosis of cold agglutinin hemolytic anemia complicating mycoplasma pneumonia was made. And treatment with roxithromycin, prednisolone and avoiding cold exposure was initiated, and complete recovery ensued. We report a case of cold agglutinin hemolytic anemia complicating mycoplasma pneumonia in children.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.471-477
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• 1991

Attempts to isolate chicken anemia agent (CAA) were made by inoculating tissue homogenates into MDCC-MSBl or LSCC-1104B1 cell lines and passaging the cells serially. CAA was isolated from the liver and thymus of 11 weeks old layer chickens and from the liver of 10 weeks old broiler breeder chickens. The layer flock experienced approximately 45% mortality during 9 to 14 week of age from gangrenous dermatitis and lymphoid organs of affected chickens were severely atrophied. The broiler breeder flock experienced approximately 7% mortality during 7 to 9 weeks of age and affected birds showed lesions of colibacillosis, staphylococcal arthritis, and coccidiosis together with atrophied lymphoid organs. The isolated viruses were identified as CAA by the indirect fluorescent antibody test and virus neutralization test using CAA immune sera including one to Gifu-1 strain of CAA. The CAA isolate 89-69, when inoculated into susceptible 1 day old SPF chicks, induced anemia 14 to 16 days after inoculation. It did not induce any cytopathic effects in chicken embryo liver and chicken embryo fibroblast cell cultures. Infectivity of the isolate was not affected by the treatment of chloroform or heat ($70^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.130-140
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was performed in order to investigate the anti-hemolytic effect of Chunghyuljihwang-tang(CHJHT, Qingxuedihuang-tang) on phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia in Rats. Materials and Methods: Hemolytic anemia model of rats were induced by phenylhydrazine(PHZ, 40mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 3days. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups for their treatment. Normal group was injected normal saline for 3 days with distilled water(d.w.) orally, control group was injected PHZ for 3 days with d.w. and CHJHT group was injected PHZ for 3 days with administration of CHJHT for 10 days. RBC(Red blood cell), Hb(hemoglobin), mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, reticulocyte were determined on day 0, 4, 7, 10. Body weight was investigated on day 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and the weight of spleen was measured on day 10. Results: For CHJHT group, the levels of RBC and Hb were significantly higher than control group on day 4, and the concentration of hemoglobin on day 7 was increased more than control group. Moreover, reticulocyte was significantly decreased on day 10 more than control group. These results could be concluded that CHJHT suppressed the hemolytic anemia by PHZ and improved hematological values of anemia earlier.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.42-51
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report a case of iron deficiency anemia in a child with repetitive bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract caused by Helicobacter pylori infection, and summarize review of a western literature. Methods A 13-year-old patient, who were suffering from iron deficiency anemia from repetitive bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract, was administered by Ikwiseungyang-tang gamibang (益胃升陽湯加味方) and Samchulgeonbitang (蔘出健脾湯). After several tests, we realized that an iron deficiency anemia was related to Helicobacter pylori. Results By herb medication, the patient's symptoms were alleviated. Conclusions Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the reasons of refractory iron-deficiency anemia which is unresponsiveness to oral iron therapy. We report the findings of herb medication along with summarization of a western literature.

• Clinical and Molecular Hepatology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.417-423
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• 2018

Anemia appears frequently in patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) but has never been linked to bilateral nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). A 65-year-old woman with a medical history of alcoholic cirrhosis was admitted for bilateral NAION. On admission, she was found to have a low arterial pressure and severe normocytic anemia (48 g/L). The anemia was related to chronic bleeding due to antral gastritis along with other factors associated with ALD. The applied treatment consisted of urgent transfusion followed by high doses of proton-pump inhibitors, iron and vitamin supplementation, and support in lifestyle measures. Her hemoglobin levels remained stable after 2 years but the patient still suffered from visual loss. This case highlights the link between anemia and bilateral NAION in ALD patients. The optic nerve head is prone to infarction in this context due to the vascularization characteristics of ALD. Hemoglobin levels should be monitored in ALD patients to avoid the severe complication of NAION.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.117-123
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• 2012

Purpose: Although anemia is considered to be a contributor to intra-tumoral hypoxia and tumor resistance to ionizing radiation in cancer patients, the impact of pretreatment anemia on local control after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) and surgery for rectal cancer remains unclear. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of 247 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who were treated with NACRT followed by curative-intent surgery. Results: The patients with anemia before NACRT (36.0%, 89/247) achieved less pathologic complete response (pCR) than those without anemia (p = 0.012). The patients with pretreatment anemia had worse 3-year local control than those without pretreatment anemia (86.0% vs. 95.7%, p = 0.005). Multivariate analysis showed that pretreatment anemia (p = 0.035), pathologic tumor and nodal stage (p = 0.020 and 0.032, respectively) were independently significant factors for local control. Conclusion: Pretreatment anemia had negative impacts on pCR and local control among patients who underwent NACRT and surgery for rectal cancer. Strategies maintaining hemoglobin level within normal range could potentially be used to improve local control in rectal cancer patients.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and iron-deficiency anemia in pubescent children, susceptible to iron deficiency due to the high iron requirements for growth. Methods: Hemoglobin, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, serum ferritin, and serum IgG antibodies to H. pylori were measured in 937 children (475 boys and 462 girls). Their ages ranged from 10 to 18 years. The prevalences of H. pylori infection were compared between groups, based on the presence or absence of anemia, hypoferritinemia, iron deficiency, and iron-deficiency anemia. The levels of hemoglobin, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin were obtained according to the presence or absence of H. pylori infection. Results: The prevalences of anemia, iron deficiency, iron-deficiency anemia, and H. pylori infection were 8.1%, 9.1%, 3.1%, and 20.8%, respectively. The H. pylori-positive rates in anemia, hypoferritinemia, and iron-deficiency group were 34.2%, 29.5%, and 35.3%, respectively, compared to 19.6% in the non-anemia group, 19.2% in the non-hypoferritinemia group, and 19.4% in the non-iron deficiency group. The H. pylori-positive rate in the iron-deficiency anemia group was 44.8% in comparison with 20.0% in the non-iron-deficiency anemia group. Hemoglobin and iron levels did not show any significant differences between the H. pylori-positive and -negative groups, whereas the serum ferritin level decreased significantly in the H. pylori-infected group. Conclusion: H. pylori infection is thought to be associated with iron deficiency in pubescent children.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.111-122
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to make clear the difference of the mental state between formal menstruation group and menorragia group. Methods: The patients suffering from uterine myoma or adenomyosis answered about menstruation and did a blood test and MMPI. They were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The D scale of complain of a menorrhagia group is higher than normal menstruation group. (p<0.05) According to blood test, The F scale of anemia group is higher than normal group.(p<0.05) The D scale of menorrhagia with anemia group is higher than normal menstruation without anemia group. (p<0.05) The MMPI score of complain of a menorrhagia group, anemia group, and menorrhagia with anemia group showed 1-2 profile type. The MMPI score of normal menstruation group, normal result of the blood test group, and menorrhagia with anemia group showed 1-3 profile type. Conclusion: regardless of the rxistence of anemia, the group with menorrhagia tends to show a state of depression than the control group.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.176-179
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• 2015

Rituximab (RTX), a monoclonal antibody against the B-cell marker CD20, is commonly used as a treatment for antibody-mediated diseases or B-lymphocyte-mediated diseases. Destruction of B cells may reverse the disease course in many conditions; however, patients who are treated with RTX cannot respond appropriately to de novo infection due to lack of B lymphocytes. Here, we report one such case. A 7-year-old renal allograft recipient presented with severe anemia due to parvovirus infection after RTX treatment. The patient had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and had received cadaveric kidney transplantation 6 months previously. She was treated with high-dose steroid for acute rejection and RTX for Epstein Barr Virus infection 3 months previously. At presentation, her hemoglobin level was 5.4 g/dL and leukocyte and platelet counts were normal. She had microcytic normochromic anemia and high viral load of parvovirus B19(70,578 copies/mL). Intravenous immunoglobulin ($200mg/kg{\cdot}d$) treatment controlled the progression of anemia and parvovirus infection. De novo parvovirus infection during the B lymphocyte-depletion period may have precipitated the severe anemia in this case. Close monitoring of infection is required after RTX therapy.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.275-281
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• 2005

Parvovirus B19(PV B19) is a nonenveloped single-stranded DNA virus that causes a wide variety of diseases ranging from benign childhood infection such as slapped-cheek rash(fifth disease) to life threatening diseases such as hydrous fetalis in fetuses or aplastic anemic crises in patients with hemolytic anemia. In immunocompromised hosts including organ transplant recipients, this infection can cause chronic anemia. Recently, the reports of cases of PV B19 infection have been increasing in transplant recipients and most reported cases of PV B19 infection-associated anemia in renal transplant recipients were successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin infusion. We experienced two cases of aplastic anemia caused by PV B19 infection in pediatric renal transplant recipients. The patients were an 8 year-old boy and 12-year-old boy who received allograft kidneys from their mothers. Anemia developed 2 weeks after transplantation and their serum was positive for PV B19 PCR. They were treated with 400 mg/kg of intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) for 5 consecutive days. In one of the case, anemia was corrected promptly after the first 5-day course of IVIG therapy but in the other, anemia persisted but responded to the second course of IVIG therapy. One year later, the patients have normal hematocrit levels and stable renal function These are the first cases of PV B19 infection treated successfully with IVIG in pediatric renal transplant recipients in Korea. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2005;9:275-281)