• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.206-211
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• 2003

Simultaneous deficiency of Vitamin $B_{12}$ and iron induces that the bone marrow erythroid megaloblastosis and peripheral blood macroovalocytosis are masked because of countervailing the tendency of iron deficiency to produce hypochromic microcytic erythrocytes. We report two cases of Vitamin $B_{12}$ deficiency anemia with low mean corpuscular volume (MCV) due to combined iron deficiency anemia with review of literature.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.228-232
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• 2009

Objective : To expend the oriental medicine-based strategies or therapeutics for anemia, including iron deficiency anemia. Methods : A 23 year-old man suffering from severe and chronic iron deficiency anemia was believed to have disorder of iron absorption. He had neither specific medical cause nor positive response to western treatments. Blood and biochemical parameters such as levels of hemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin and serum iron were serially chased during treatments. Result : Bojungicki-tang was given to the patient based on diagnosis as a deficiency of spleen qi. The hemoglobin level was normalized along with administration of Bojungicki-tang. Also, the distortions of biochemical indicators (ferritin, transferrin and serum iron) reached a normal range within three months. Conclusion : Bojungicki-tang could be a curing remedy for iron deficiency anemia caused by problems in iron absorption if symptom-differentiation has deficiency of spleen qi.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.103-106
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• 2020

Bone marrow failure, such as aplastic or myelophthisic anemia, can occur due to an underlying lymphoid malignancy and cause life-threatening events. A 58-year-old man diagnosed with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma had recently visited the emergency department because of an altered level of consciousness caused by acute severe anemia. The laboratory findings were strongly suggestive of bone marrow failure syndrome. Bone marrow examination was immediately performed and, subsequently, dexamethasone was initiated to control the underlying lymphoma. Intravenous immunoglobulin was also administered in combination due to combined immune hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow examination revealed a packed marrow with marked fibrosis and lymphoma involvement. A diagnosis of secondary myelofibrosis related to the underlying lymphoma was made, and sequential combination chemotherapy was introduced despite the presence of severe anemia and thrombocytopenia. After combination chemotherapy, his hematologic profile and underlying lymphoma improved. Better understanding of various hematologic manifestations and knowledge of the rare condition of lymphoma are essential for appropriate diagnostic approaches and treatment.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.336-340
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• 2022

Although posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is induced by various causes, a few cases have occurred after severe anemia correction. In this case report, a 45-year-old female patient visited emergency department with a chief complaint of dizziness due to severe anemia related to hypermenorrhea caused by uterine myoma. Before her operation, she had an abrupt headache and seizure during anemia correction with transfusion and injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. Immediately after the operation, she experienced visual disturbances, followed by limb weakness and tonic-clonic movements. Magnetic resonance imaging showed alterations in parietal and occipital lobes suggesting cerebrovascular edema with hypoperfusion. Here, we presented and discussed the clinical and radiologic features of PRES related to anemia correction.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.511-518
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• 2007

To understand the hemolytic anemia (HA) in children, the diagnostic approach and management of hereditary and acquired HA are described. The hereditary hemolytic anemia (HHA) can be classified according to the pathogenesis into three types : RBC membrane defects, hemoglobinopathies, and RBC enzymopathies. Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and molecular defects of these three types are presented briefly. In Korea, HHA due to the RBC membrane defect, hereditary spherocytosis had been reported often but HHA due to hemoglobinopathies and RBC enzymopathies had been thought to be relatively rare. With recent development in the molecular diagnosis, ${\beta}$ thalassemia, mostly heterozygote, G6PD and pyruvate kinase deficiency have been reported with gene characterization. If the patients with microcytic hypochromic anemia show unproportionally low MCV or MCH or refractory to the iron therapy, hemoglobin electrophoresis and gene analysis for thalassemia or other unstable hemoglobinopathies need to be done accordingly. The global movement of the population especially from the region prevalent of hemoglobinopathies or enzymopathies to Korea warrants considering broad spectrum of etiology for the diagnosis of HHA. Aquired HA resulting from extracellular factors such as autoimmune HA from warm antibody, cold agglutinin and paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria as well as nonimmune HA are described briefly.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.315-317
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• 2016

Hookworm infections as well as other intestinal nematodiases are endemic in China. In this case, a 70-year-old male showed symptoms of chest tightness, shortness of breath, and both lower extremities edema. The diagnostic result was chronic renal insufficiency, chronic kidney disease (5th stage), and renal anemia at first. Then, he received treatment with traditional drugs. However, this treatment did not help to alleviate the symptoms of the patient significantly. The results of gastroendoscopy showed hookworms in the duodenum, also confirmed by pathology examination. Anemia was markedly ameliorated after eliminating the parasites. The results mentioned above suggested that ancylostomiasis was the leading causes of anemia in this patient, and the etiology of anemia in uremic patients should be systematically considered. Especially when anemia could not be cured by regular treatments, rare diseases should be investigated.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.74-86
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• 2020

Purpose: This study identified the factors that influenced the food-intake practices affecting iron deficiency anemia among Senegal mothers. Methods: The subjects were 155 mothers in Dakar, Senegal. We surveyed 21 questions concerning their knowledge of iron deficiency anemia, the perceived severity and perceived benefits, self-confidence, food preferences and food-intake practices during the period from December 4, 2017 to December 29, 2017. Results: The factors significantly related to food-intake practices affecting iron deficiency anemia included having a female head of household with male support (β=0.249, p=.003) and being in the 5th quintile of income level (β=0.386, p=.003). Conclusion: The results of regression analysis showed that the head of household and income level are factors that influenced the food-intake practices affecting iron deficiency anemia. Therefore, economic factors and the structure of the household must be considered to achieve success for Senegalese iron deficiency anemia projects.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.661-665
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• 2010

Anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency resulting from inadequate dietary intake is rare in children in the modern era because of improvements in nutritional status. However, such anemia can be caused by decreased ingestion or impaired absorption and/or utilization of vitamin B12. We report the case of an 18-year-old man with short stature, prepubertal sexual maturation, exertional dyspnea, and severe anemia with a hemoglobin level of 3.3 g/dL. He had a history of small bowel resection from 50 cm below the Treitz ligament to 5 cm above the ileocecal valve necessitated by midgut volvulus in the neonatal period. Laboratory tests showed deficiencies of both vitamin B12 and iron. A bone marrow examination revealed dyserythropoiesis and low levels of hemosiderin particles, and a cytogenetic study disclosed a normal karyotype. After treatment with parenteral vitamin B12 and elemental iron, both anemia and growth showed gradual improvement. This is a rare case that presented with short stature and delayed puberty caused by nutritional deficiency anemia in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.387-393
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• 2006

Progressing to the iron deficiency anemia was experimentally induced in 4 clinically healthy dogs by repeated phlebotomy to characterize hematologic features, serum iron values, and RBC indices. Abnormal RBC morphologies were also evaluated semiquantitatively on Wright's-stained blood films. Hematologic abnormalities in early stage of anemia included decreased both hematocrit and hemoglobin, and reticulocytosis, with no changes in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were represented. In intermediate stage, decreased serum iron concentration with microcytosis and hypochromia were prominent. In late stage, red cell distribution width and Mentzer's index were out of reference ranges in the majority of dogs. In this study microcytic anemia was appeared at the hemoglobin range of 5.1-7.2 g/dl. On most sampling days, platelet counts and white blood cells were within the reference ranges, with some minor variations. Iron deficiency was not necessarily associated with microcytic anemia. Judging from the sequential changes of both MCV and MCHC, 3 patterns of anemia were sequentially observed: initially normocytic normochromic, intermediate normocytic hypochromic or normocytic normochormic, and finally microcytic hypochromic. The most frequent morphologic abnormalities were target cells. Occasional elliptocyte, acanthocyte, stomatocyte, kinzocyte, dacrocyte and schistocyte were also noted on the blood films.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2019

Third molar extraction, one of the important surgical treatments commonly practiced in dentistry, presents various symptoms after surgery ranging from temporary or mild symptoms to permanent or severe complications. However, oral burning pain, dysesthesia, parageusia, dry mouth, headache and pain in multiple teeth are not the common symptoms that patients often complain after dental extraction. Here, the authors report two cases who presented acute neuropathic symptoms mentioned above in the orofacial regions following third molar extraction. At the initial examination, the healing of the tooth sockets of two patients was normal. One patient was diagnosed as megaloblastic anemia associated with Vitamin $B_{12}$ deficiency and was referred to the Department of Hematology for assessing the underlying etiology of anemia. The laboratory test for the other patient revealed microcytic anemia related to iron deficiency. The patient with iron deficiency anemia was successfully treated with iron supplement. These two cases suggest that anemia, as an underlying systemic disease, may be a rare etiology explaining acute onset of peripheral neuropathy in the orofacial regions after third molar extraction and should be considered in the assessment of patients who report neuropathic symptoms after dental extraction.