• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.415-420
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• 2023

The tibial nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve, which innervates the legs and feet. Anatomical variations of this nerve at the ankle are commonly found. The variation of the tibial nerve in its branching point and cross-sectional area (CSA) at the ankle is commonly related to clinical condition such as foot neuropathy. Knowledge of these variations can support the clinician in making appropriate clinical decisions. This review aims at providing knowledge on the anatomical variations of tibial nerve at ankle, as well as its clinical correlation. This review outlined the variation of the terminal branching point and CSA of the tibial nerve at the ankle in cadaveric and clinical studies.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2020

Background: Anatomic changes in the acromion have been considered a main cause of shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS). To evaluate the relationship between SIS and the acromion process, we devised a new morphological parameter called the acromion process cross-sectional area (APA). We hypothesized that the APA could be an important morphologic diagnostic parameter in SIS. Methods: We collected APA data from 95 patients with SIS and 126 control subjects who underwent shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Then we measured the maximal cross-sectional area of the bone margin of the acromion process on MRI scans. Results: The mean of APAs were 136.50 ± 21.75 ㎟ in the male control group and 202.91 ± 31.78 ㎟ in the male SIS group; SIS patients had significantly greater APAs (P < 0.001). The average of APAs were 105.38 ± 19.07 ㎟ in the female control group and 147.62 ± 22.90 ㎟ in the female SIS group, and the SIS patients had significantly greater APAs (P < 0.001). The optimal APA cut-off in the male group was 165.14 ㎟ with 90.2% sensitivity, 91.4% specificity, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.968. In the female group, the optimal cut-off was 122.50 ㎟ with 85.2% sensitivity, 84.9% specificity, and an AUC of 0.928. Conclusions: The newly devised APA is a sensitive parameter for assessing SIS; greater APA is associated with a higher possibility of SIS. We think that this result will be helpful for the diagnosis of SIS.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.441-447
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• 2023

One of the suprahyoid muscles is the digastric muscle which comprises anterior and posterior bellies joined by an intermediate tendon. Because of its close relationship with the submandibular gland, lymph nodes, and chief vessels of the neck, detailed knowledge about the morphometry of the digastric muscle is essential. The objective of the current cross-sectional evaluative study is to record morphometry along with the digastric muscle's origin, insertion, and variability. Forty human cadavers (25 males and 15 females) were dissected, and the head and neck regions were studied in detail. The attachment of the digastric muscle anterior belly to the digastric fossa of the mandible was noted, and the distal attachment of the posterior belly to the mastoid notch was traced. The length of the anterior belly from the digastric fossa to its intermediate tendon and the length of the posterior belly from the intermediate tendon to its mastoid attachment were measured. There is a fair correlation between the length of the neck and the length of the anterior and posterior belly. The study also identified two cases of bilateral accessory bellies of the anterior belly of the digastric. Normal morphometric data is provided by this study on details of the digastric muscle. It is significant from a clinical and surgical point of view as the muscle lies in proximity to the important structures of the neck.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.125-129
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• 2011

The aim was to determine the relationship between muscle structure and meat quality traits in neuromuscular compartments (NMCs: R1, R2, R3, R4) of pig semitendinosus muscle. Barrows from the INTA-MGC genetic line (Argentina) were slaughtered at 100 kg body weight. In each NMC the following parameters were determined: the fibre types I, IIA, IIX and IIB by immunohistochemistry, the fibre cross sectional area (FCSA), the pH of meat after 24 h post-mortem ($pH_{24}$), instrumental meat tenderness (WB) and colour ($L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$). There were significant differences in the following: $L^*$ (R1 = R4$a^*$ (R1>R4>R2 = R3), $b^*$ (R1 = R4R1 = R3 = R4), $pH_{24}$ (R1 = R4>R2 = R3). The relative percentages of FCSA were as follows: I (R4>R1>R3>R2), IIA (R1>R4>R3>R2), IIX (R1 = R2 = R3 = R4) and IIB (R2>R3>R1>R4). The correlation values were statistically significant between IIB and WB (R1 and R4, $r_s$ = 0.66), (R2 and R3 $r_s$ = 0.74), IIB and $L^*$ (R1 and R4 $r_s$ = 0.84), IIX and $L^*$ without discriminating NMCs. Our data suggest that the NMC where the sampling takes place is important for determining meat quality traits because of the heterogeneity of the whole muscle.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.317-327
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between low tongue position (LTP) and the volume and dimensions of the nasopharyngeal, retropalatal, retroglossal, and hypopharyngeal segments of the upper airway. Methods: A total of 194 subjects, including 91 males and 103 females were divided into a resting tongue position (RTP) group and a LTP group according to their tongue position. Subjects in the LTP group were divided into four subgroups (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) according to the intraoral space volume. The 3D slicer software was used to measure the volume and minimum and average cross-sectional areas of each group. Airway differences between the RTP and LTP groups were analyzed to explore the association between tongue position and the upper airway. Results: No significant differences were found in the airway dimensions between the RTP and LTP groups. For both retropalatal and retroglossal segments, the volume and average cross-sectional area were significantly greater in the patients with extremely low tongue position. Regression analysis showed that the retroglossal airway dimensions were positively correlated with the intraoral space volume and negatively correlated with A point-nasion-B point and palatal plane to mandibular plane. Males generally had larger retroglossal and hypopharyngeal airways than females. Conclusions: Tongue position did not significantly influence upper airway volume or dimensions, except in the extremely LTP subgroup.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2020

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is the second most common disorder after Alzheimer's disease. PD includes both "motor" and "non-motor" symptoms, one of which is pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of pain in patients with PD. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 250 patients diagnosed with PD, 70% of which had mild to moderate PD (stages 2/3 of Hoehn and Yahr scale). The average age was 67.4 years, and the average duration since PD diagnosis was 7.1 years. Relevant data collected from PD patients were obtained from their personal medical history. Results: The prevalence of pain was found to be high (82%), with most patients (79.2%) relating their pain to PD. Disease duration was correlated with the frequency of intense pain (R: 0.393; P < 0.05). PD pain is most frequently perceived as an electrical current (64%), and two pain varieties were most prevalent (2.60 ± 0.63). Our findings confirm links between pain, its evolution over time, its multi-modal character, the wide variety of symptoms of PD, and the female sex. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that the pain felt by PD patients is mainly felt as an electrical current, which contrasts with other studies where the pain is described as burning and itching. Our classification is innovative because it is based on anatomy, whereas those of other authors were based on syndromes.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.183-194
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• 2009

Purpose: It is aimed to empirically apply and examine the effects of Creative Training Techniques (CTT) that focus on student-centered educational environment to an anatomy subject for biological nursing science education. Methods: A triangulation that combines cross-sectional survey and content analysis was used and the data were collected in 2008. Participants were 301 freshmen students attending one junior nursing college in Seoul, Korea. A questionnaire was distributed to 301 students, 289 of whom responded (response rate 96.0%), and used for data analysis. Factor analysis, reliability analysis, and descriptive statistics were conducted by using data analysis SPSS 14.0 KO for Windows programs. In addition contents analysis was conducted. Results: 1) CTT Increased the relationship between professor and students ($3.12{\pm}0.92$), 2) Students preferred the various team leader choosing method ($3.25{\pm}0.93$), 3) Model and image materials helped the learning ($3.71{\pm}0.89$). Conclusion: CTT can be used to enhance students' learning effectiveness. Intervention programs intensified by CTT may be useful to improve students' learning abilities in nursing science education.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.229-233
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• 2021

Background: Iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS) is a common disorder of the lateral knee. Previous research has reported that the iliotibial band (ITB) thickness (ITBT) is correlated with ITBFS, and ITBT has been considered to be a key morphologic parameter of ITBFS. However, the thickness is different from inflammatory hypertrophy. Thus, we made the ITB cross-sectional area (ITBCSA) a new morphological parameter to assess ITBFS. Methods: Forty-three patients with ITBFS group and from 43 normal group who underwent T1W magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled. The ITBCSA was measured as the cross-sectional area of the ITB that was most hypertrophied in the magnetic resonance axial images. The ITBT was measured as the thickest site of ITB. Results: The mean ITBCSA was 25.24 ± 6.59 ㎟ in the normal group and 38.75 ± 9.11 ㎟ in the ITBFS group. The mean ITBT was 1.94 ± 0.41 mm in the normal group and 2.62 ± 0.46 mm in the ITBFS group. Patients in ITBFS group had significantly higher ITBCSA (P < 0.001) and ITBT (P < 0.001) than the normal group. A receiver operator characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the best cut-off value of the ITBT was 2.29 mm, with 76.7% sensitivity, 79.1% specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) 0.88. The optimal cut-off score of the ITBCSA was 30.66 ㎟, with 79.1% sensitivity, 79.1% specificity, and AUC 0.87. Conclusions: ITBCSA is a new and sensitive morphological parameter for diagnosing ITBFS, and may even be more accurate than ITBT.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.297-307
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• 1995

본 시험은 톨페스큐의 엽과 뿌리생장 및 탄수화물의 저장이동 양상과 관련하여 뿌리 생장부위의 횡적 해부구조 고찰을 통해 표피세포, 피층세포, 및 통도조직세포들의 횡적 신장과 이들 세포의 생리적 생장반응에 대한 질소효과를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 공시품종은 경당 수량성이 높은 HYT 품종과 경당 수량성이 낮은 LYT 품종이었으며, 이들은 잎과 뿌리신장 및 분얼성등 생리적 특성이 다른 품종이었다. 1. 뿌리 생장부위의 횡적 신장은 첨단 뿌리 생장점으로부터 약 1.0 mm이내에서 표피세포, 통도조직세포, 및 특히 피층세포에 의해 횡적신장이 이루어지며, 1.0mm이후에는 서서히 이루어지다가 3.0 mm 부위에서 제2차 횡적신장이 이루어졌다. 2. 뿌리의 제2차 횡적 신장은 주로 피층세포의 신장에 의해 이루어졌으며, HYT와 LYT품종간에는 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으나 질소수준간에는 차이를 보여 200 ppm N 수준에서 뿌리의 횡적신장이 뚜렷하였다. 3. 뿌리의 횡적 신장에 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 피층세포의 경우, 뿌리 생장점으로부터 0.5 mm 이후 횡적 세포분열이 발견되지 않아 피층세포의 횡적 분열보다는 주로 횡적 신장에 의존됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 뿌리 생장점으로부터 3 mm 이후 피층세포들이 서로 합쳐져 큰 피층세포들을 생성되었는데, 6 mm 부위에서는 아주 큰 피층세포들이 외부층에 많이 생성되었다. 4. 통도조직세포의 경우 뿌리 생장점으로부터 1 mm부위까지 급격한 횡적 신장을 보였으며, 그 이후 3 mm까지는 감소하다가 다시 서서히 증가하였다. 뿌리 생장점으로부터 1mm 부위까지 급격한 횡적 신장시 품종과 질소수준간에 차이를 보여 HYT품종은 50 ppm N 수준에서, LYT품종은 200 ppm N 수준에서 높은 횡적 신장을 보였으나, 3 mm 이후에서는 두 품종 모두 200 ppm N 수준에서 넓은 통도조직세포를 가졌다. 5. 뿌리 생장점으로부터 약 6 mm부위까지 뿌리의 횡적 신장에 관여하는 세포들의 비율을 조사한 결과, 표피세포는 약 10∼18 %, 피층세포는 약 67∼79%, 그리고 통도조직세포는 약 10∼22 %가 뿌리 직경에 관여하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2002

Purpose: To evaluate the degree of accuracy of DentaScan reformatted images of the maxillary sinus and periapical, periodontal lesions and to clarify the usefulness of the reconstructed 3-dimensional images to the dental clinical aspects. Materials and Methods: 33 sides of maxillae of the hemi-sectioned Korean heads were used in this study. Periapical radiographs, computed tomography and DentaScan reformatted cross-sectional images were taken for the radiographic evaluation of the peiapical and peiodontal lesions of the maxillary teeth and inferior wall of maxillary sinus. Results : Compared the degree of accuracy and findings of dental and periapical pathoses on the intraoral radiographs and DentaScan reformatted images with the cross-sectioned specimens, the DentaScan reformatted cross-sectional images were more accurate and more effective than the intraoral radiography with a viewpoint of the detection of dental and periapical pathoses. Conclusion: Comparing the lesions of specimens with intraoral radiographies and DentaScan reformatted images, the dental and periodontal pathoses and topographical structures were more clearly observed in the DentaScan reformatted images, providing the possibility of more applications of reformatted images to clinical dentistry.