• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.353-362
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• 2024

Celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) are the main blood supply to the liver and pancreas. The data of anatomical variations in these arteries or their branches are very important clinically and surgically. The aim of this study was to describe the different variants in these arteries through the examination of the angiographs of a large series of Egyptian individuals. This research involved 389 selective angiographies to celiac artery, its branches, and the SMA. Anatomy of the target arteries of people who experienced visceral angiograph was reviewed and the data were recorded. From the total available angiograms in this work, 286 patients (73.52%) had the standard anatomy of celiac trunk and superior mesenteric arteries, and 103 patients (26.47%) had a single or multiple vessel variation. The inferior phrenic artery originates from celiac trunk in 2.05% of patients, while quadrifurcation of the celiac trunk was noticed in only 0.51% of patients. Absence of celiac trunk is also found in 0.51% of patients. Left gastric artery showed an abnormal origin from the splenic artery in 0.51% of patients. Quadrifurcation of common hepatic artery was also noticed. Variant anatomy of the left hepatic artery (LHA) was seen in 9.51% of patients, while variations of the right hepatic artery (RHA) were 14.13%. With the different origin of hepatic arteries, the gastroduodenal artery arose either from the LHA (2.82%), RHA (2.31%) or even from the celiac trunk (1.79%).

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2023

An accessory submandibular gland is a rare variation. As such, there is limited literature regarding the embryology, anatomy, variations, clinical imaging, and pathology of the accessory submandibular gland. In this article, we review the existing literature on the accessory submandibular gland from clinical and anatomical perspectives. The goal of this review is to provide comprehensive knowledge of this variation which can be useful for oral and maxillofacial/head and neck surgeons, radiologists, and anatomists. Within this review, the embryologic origin as well as the anatomy of the accessory submandibular gland is detailed. Several imaging modalities which can be used to visualize the accessory submandibular gland are outlined as well as its variations. Lastly, this review investigates several reported clinical considerations regarding the accessory submandibular gland including sialoliths, Wharton's duct obstruction, and pleomorphic adenoma.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.373-375
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• 2022

Anatomical variations identified at the skull base can result in challenges to the clinician. For example, the anatomy of the foramen ovale and its neighboring structures is critical knowledge for the surgeon who performs transcutaneous approaches to the foramen ovale for treating patients with trigeminal neuralgia. One nearby structure that can compound invasive procedures and potentially result in complications is the foramen of Vesalius. Although usually small, we report a giant foramen of Vesalius found in an adult female skull. The anatomy and clinical aspects of such a finding are discussed and related to other reports in the literature.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.251-254
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• 2022

Variations of the ovarian veins can impact imaging diagnosis, surgical procedures of the region, and can be related to clinical findings such as compression of the ureter. Therefore, a good working knowledge of such variants is important to the clinician who interprets imaging of the posterior abdominopelvic region of women and surgeons who operate in this region. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of duplicated ovarian veins and provide a case illustration.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.525-528
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• 2022

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.456-462
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• 2024

Primary aldosteronism is a group of disorders in which the autonomous secretion of aldosterone is associated with hypertension and hypokalemia. It is crucial to determine the laterality of aldosterone hypersecretion because treatment options differ accordingly. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is considered the most reliable method for assessing the laterality of primary aldosteronism. This procedure is often technically challenging because of the small size and varied locations of the adrenal veins. A better understanding of anatomical variations and careful review of imaging studies would improve sampling success. This report presents three cases of anatomical variations encountered during AVS.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.563-565
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• 2023

Acupuncture and acupressure apply needles or pressure to anatomical points for therapeutic benefit. The over 350 mapped acupuncture points in the human body can each treat various conditions, but anatomical variations make precisely locating these acupoints difficult. We propose a computer vision technique using the real-time hand and face tracking capabilities of the MediaPipe framework to identify acupoint locations. Our model detects anatomical facial and hand landmarks, and then maps these to corresponding acupoint regions. In summary, our proposed model facilitates precise acupoint localization for self-treatment and enhances practitioners' abilities to deliver targeted acupuncture and acupressure therapies.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.255-258
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• 2022

Anatomical variation is defined as normal flexibility in the topography and morphology of body structures. Such variations are not uncommon in muscles, particularly in the upper limb. Subclavius muscle (SM) has a proximal attachment to the first costochondral junction and the muscle fibers are then directed upwards and laterally to get attached distally to the subclavian groove of the clavicle. Having similar attachments as the subclavius, the costocoracoid ligament (CCL) is the thickening of the proximal part of clavipectoral fascia extending up to the coracoid process. Both SM and CCL help in the maintenance of smooth movements of the pectoral girdle and both may not always be present. Absent SM may be due to anomalous development from the muscle matrix that also forms the inferior belly of the omohyoid apart from the SMs. This anatomical variation may be associated with thickened CCLs and can be correlated to the smooth functioning of the pectoral girdle.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.108-116
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• 1997

The anatomical variations of the external genitalia including the hymen were observed prospectively in 1,500 female infants born between March, 1992 and July, 1992 at the Taegu Fatima Hospital. Careful inspection of the external genitalia was done within 24 hours after birth, and abnormal findings photographed. Almost all hymenal tissue appeared to be redundant. The hymen was annulus in 89.1 % of patients. Ninteen point nine percent had a central orifice and the remainder a ventral orifice. External ridges, intravaginal ridges, and clefts were present in 71.5 %, 50.7 % and 40.5 %, respectively. Congenital anomalies of the external genitalia were found in 20 patients(1.4 %). There were sixteen cases of hymenal cysts, two hymenal polyps, one imperforate hymen, and one Skene's duct cyst. Seven of the 16 hymenal cysts with stalks were excised and those without stalk were aspirated. Hymenal polyps were excised. Imperforate hymen was incised and drained, and Skene's duct cyst was aspirated successfully. The surgical procedure were done without anesthesia, and the results have been good. In conclusion, routine physical examination of the female newborn infant detects frequent developmental anomalies. The significance of those anomalies will be clarified after longitudinal long-term followup studies.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.265-275
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• 2013

The anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) is a versatile fasciocutaneous or myocutaneous flap, which can be harvested incorporating several skin islands and muscle components. The perforator of the ALTF is usually derived from the descending or transverse branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery, and these vessels are based mainly on musculocutaneous perforators traversing the vastus lateralis muscle, and also based on the septocutaneous vessels running in between the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscle. Despite its usefulness for the oral cavity reconstruction, anatomic variations of these nutrient vessels, such as three main branches of ALTF and its relations with sartorius, vastus lateralis, tensor fasciae latae and rectus femoris muscle, have been reconstructive surgeons to be hesitated for the selection of ALTF. For the better understanding of ALTF as a routine reconstructive procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery, various anatomical findings must be learned and memorized by young doctors in the course of the special curriculum periods for the Korean national board of oral and maxillofacial surgery. This review article will discuss the vascular anatomy and relavant anatomical variations of ALTF with Korean language.