• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2012

Purpose: The study was performed to compare patients with anatomical variations in facial asymmetry with patients in the normal range using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to take the preoperative condition into consideration in the case of a sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO). Methods: The study was conducted on 46 adult patients composed of 2 subdivided groups, an asymmetry group (n=26) and a symmetry group (n=20). The asymmetry group was divided between patients with hemimandibular hyperplasia (HH, n=8) and hemimandibular elongation (HE, n=18). Using cross-sectional computed tomography images, the thickness of cancelleous bone in the buccal area of the mandible, thickness of buccal cortex in the buccal aspect of the mandible, thickness of cancellous bone in the inferior aspect of the mandible, thickness of buccal cortex in the inferior aspect of the mandible, and cross-sectional surface area of the mandible were measured. Results: In the asymmetry group, the cross-sectional area of the mandible including the inferior alveolar nerve positioned on the affected side was significantly different from the symmetry group. Thickness of cancelleous bone in the buccal aspect of the mandible, thickness of cancelleous bone in the inferior aspect of the mandible, and cross-sectional surface area of the mandible in the affected site of hemimandibular hyperplasia was significantly smaller than in the symmetry group. Conclusion: The inferior alveolar nerve runs lower and in a more buccal direction and shows a smaller cross-sectional surface of the mandible in the hemimandibular hyperplasia patients with asymmetry.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.659-665
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• 2014

Wood properties are affected by environmental factors such as soil and climate change. There were close relationships between mechanical properties and stand characteristics for Quercus serrata stands in Gyeongsangnam-do Province, Jeollanam-do Province and Je-ju island. Both compression and shear strengths of woods showed a negative correlation with diameter at breast height (DBH) and the number of tree per hector, while they are positively related with with tree age, altitude, and drainage. The annual ring width was also negatively correlated with tree age, altitude, drainage, DBH, and tree height. However, anatomical characteristics of wood did not show much variation depending on the provincial regions. These results brought a conclusion that Quercus serrata in southern region could be useful forest resources for the utilization of wood.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

This study was aimed to obtain the anatomical information on the location of ostia of left and right coronary artery in 3 weeks old and 6 months old hybrid swine. The each intercommissural distance of 6 months group was twice than 3 weeks old group. The largest sinus was right aortic sinus followed by left and posterior sinus. All left coronary artery ostia in left aortic sinus were located near the right aortic sinus as well as lower than the ostia of right one. Most of the right coronary artery ostia were located at the level of supravalvular ridge of right aortic sinus. In addition the right ostia had more variation than left ones. Comparing to the sites of 3 weeks old pigs, the sites of the right ostia in 6 months group were more variable. These data suggest that the locations of coronary ostia were different with the sites of human's, and changes of the location may be occurred during the growth.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2014

Leaf anatomical study of Pinus thunbergii collected from 12 different coastal regions of Korea was conducted to understand the adaptive variation on leaf traits. Basic anatomical features are typical pine needle type with fibrous epidermis, 2-3 layered hypodermis, sunken stomata, monomorphic mesophyll, and well-represented bundle sheath. The bundle sheath surrounds a couple of vascular bundle separated by parenchyma bands. On the basis of their position, the resin ducts are of three types; external, medial and internal of the bundle sheath. The total number of resin ducts in all samples varies from 4 to 12. The stomata were found on stomatal bands throughout the leaf surface. Important dissimilarities observed on P. thunburgii leaf are the number and position of resin ducts and the number of stomata rows in leaf surface.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.56-60
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• 2010

Purpose: The sinus lift procedure requires detailed knowledge of maxillary sinus anatomy and the possible anatomical variations. This study evaluated the location and prevalence of maxillary sinus septa using computed tomography (CT). Methods: This study was based on the analysis of CT images for posterior maxilla which were obtained from patients who visited Chonbuk National University Dental Hospital during the period of June 2007 to December 2008. With the exclusion of cases presenting any pathological changes, 236 maxillary sinuses in 204 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The average age of the patients was 50.9. The cases were divided into two groups, an atrophy/edentulous segment and a non-atrophy/dentate segment, and maxillary sinus septa of less than 2.5 mm were not taken in-to consideration. The location of septa was also divided for analysis into 3 regions: the anterior (1st and 2nd premolar), middle (1st and 2nd molar) and posterior (behind 2ndmolar) regions. Results: In 54 (20.9%) of the 204 patients there were pathologic findings, and those patients were excluded from the analysis. Sinus septa were present in 58 (24.6%) of the 236 maxillary sinuses and in 55 (27%) of the 204 total patients. In the atrophy/ edentulous ridge group (148 maxillary sinuses), 41 cases (27.7%) were found, and 17 cases (19.3%) were found in the non-atrophy/ dentulous ridge group (88 maxillary sinuses). In terms of location, septa were found in 18 cases (27.3%) in the anterior, in 33 cases (50%) in the middle and in 15 cases (22.7%) in the posterior regions. Conclusions: In the posterior maxilla, regardless of type of ridge (atrophy/edentulous or non-atrophy/dentate), the anatomical variation of sinus septa is diverse in its prevalence and location. Thus, accurate information on the maxillary sinus of thepatient is essential and should be clearly understood by the surgeon to prevent possible complications during sinus lifting.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.43-49
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• 1997

The lengths of fibers and vessel elements, vessel diameters, and ray spacings of tension and opposite woods in Quercus mongolica Fischer and their radial variations were examined. Crystallinity indices and crystallites orientations of tension, opposite and lateral woods were also investigated. The lengths of fibers and vessel elements, and ray spacings of tension wood were longer and denser than those of opposite wood, respectively. In the latewood, the vessels of tension wood had a little larger diameters than those of opposite wood. whereas the vessel diameters of earlywood were similar in both woods. With the exception of vessel diameters of earlywood, there were differences between tension and opposite woods in all anatomical characteristics examined. In the radial variation pattern, the fiber lengths of both woods increased markedly to about 15th annual ring and thereafter remained virtually constant. The vessel element lengths of earlywood in tension wood increased to certain annual ring and thereafter were stabilized, but opposite wood had a relatively constant trend from pith to bark. Those of late wood in both woods increased to certain annual ring and thereafter showed constant patterns. Vessel diameters appeared to show similar trend in both woods. Ray spacings decreased to about 15 annual ring and thereafter were stabilized in both woods. In the fine structures, tension wood had higher crystallinity index and better crystallites orientation than opposite and lateral woods.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2018

Purpose: We compared how doses delivered via two-dimensional (2D) intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) and three-dimensional (3D) ICBT varied anatomically. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients who received 30 Gy of 3D ICBT after external radiotherapy (RT) were enrolled. We compared the doses of the actual 3D and 2D ICBT plans among patients grouped according to six anatomical variations: differences in a small-bowel V_2Gy, small bowel circumference, the direction of bladder distension, bladder volume, sigmoid V_3.5Gy, and sigmoid circumference. Seven dose parameters were measured in line with the EMBRACE recommendations. Results: In terms of bladder volume, the bladder and small-bowel D_2cc values were lower in the 150-250 mL bladder volume subgroup; and the rectum, sigmoid, and bladder D_2mL values were all lower in the >250 mL subgroup, for 3D vs. 2D ICBT. In the sigmoid V_3.5Gy >2 _mL subgroup, the sigmoid and bladder D_2mL values were significantly lower for 3D than 2D ICBT. The bladder D_2mL value was also significantly lower for 3D ICBT, as reflected by the sigmoid circumference. In patients with a small bowel V_2.0Gy >10 mL or small bowel circumference >15%, most dose parameters were significantly lower for 3D than 2D ICBT. The bladder distension direction did not significantly affect the doses. Conclusion: Compared to 2D ICBT, a greater bladder volume can reduce the internal 3D ICBT organ dose without affecting the target dose.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.377-383
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• 2023

Purpose: There is increasing attention to the application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for enhancing cognitive functions in subjects to aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite varying treatment outcomes in tDCS which depend on the amount of current reaching the brain, there is no general information on the impacts of anatomical features associated with AD on tDCS-induced electric field. Objective: The objective of this study is to examine how AD-related anatomical variation affects the tDCS-induced electric field using computational modeling. Methods: We collected 180 magnetic resonance images (MRI) of AD patients and healthy controls from a publicly available database (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; ADNI), and MRIs were divided into female-AD, male-AD, female-normal, and male-normal groups. For each group, segmented brain volumes (cerebrospinal fluid, gray matter, ventricle, rostral middle frontal (RMF), and hippocampus/amygdala complex) using MRI were measured, and tDCS-induced electric fields were simulated, targeting RMF. Results: For segmented brain volumes, significant sex differences were observed in the gray matter and RMF, and considerable disease differences were found in cerebrospinal fluid, ventricle, and hippocampus/amygdala complex. There were no differences in the tDCS-induced electric field among AD and normal groups; however, higher peak values of electric field were observed in the female group than the male group. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated the presence of sex and disease differences in segmented brain volumes; however, this pattern differed in tDCS-induced electric field, resulting in significant sex differences only. Further studies, we will adjust the brain stimulation conditions to target the deep brain and examine the effects, because of significant differences in the ventricles and deep brain regions between AD and normal groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.3
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• pp.467-487
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• 2020

Anatomical imaging is the basis of the diagnosis and treatment response assessment of brain tumors. Among the existing imaging techniques currently available in clinical practice, diffusion-weighted imaging and perfusion imaging provide additional information. Recently, with the increasing importance of evaluation of the genomic variation and heterogeneity of tumors, clinical application of imaging techniques using radiomics and deep learning is expected. In this review, we will describe recommendations for magnetic resonance imaging protocols focusing on anatomical images that are still important in the clinical application of brain tumor imaging, and the basic principles of diffusion-weighted imaging and perfusion imaging among the advanced imaging techniques, as well as their pathophysiological background and clinical application. Finally, we will review the future perspectives of radiomics and deep learning applications in brain tumor imaging, which have been studied to a great extent due to the development of computer technology.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.248-255
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• 2013

Reconstruction techniques of orofacial defects caused by wide excision of the intraoral malignant lesions are various. Although radial forearm free flap is a common donor site on reconstruction of soft tissue defect, anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap also has an established site in orofacial soft tissue reconstruction as the favored donor flap with recent progress of the microsurgical technique. A 59-year-old female complained of hyperplastic mass on the right retromolar and buccal cheek, which was diagnosed as a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by an incisional biopsy. Before the operation, we planned a wide excision of the SCC lesion, supraomohyoid neck dissection, reconstruction with radial forearm free flap (RFFF), and split thickness skin graft. We accidentally found an arterial variation of the forearm area during elevation of RFFF, and changed the plan of reconstruction operation to reconstruction with ALT free flap. Operative sites was healed well during the post-operative period, and we referred to the department of radiation oncology for post-operative radiotherapy.