• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.596-603
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• 2022

Background We suggested an easy and effective harvesting technique to avoid injury to tissues adjacent to the latissimus dorsi (LD). Methods Between 2007 and 2017, breast reconstruction was performed with an LD flap using the "bottom-up" technique. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Data on postoperative complications, results, and follow-up were obtained. Nine cadaveric dissections were performed to assess positional relationships between LD and adjacent muscles based on the ribs where relevant muscles and LD attach. Overall, 78 LD flaps were harvested without complications. Results Average age was 45.4 years. The mean operation time was 260minutes. There were no abnormalities or injuries in the adjacent fascia and muscles during the flap harvest. Drains were removed at an average of 21.9 days postoperatively. In all cadavers, there was conjoined fascia between the thoracolumbar and LD fasciae. The average level of the merging point between the LD and external oblique muscle (EOM) was 8.9 to 11.1 ribs. The average level of the overlapping point between the LD and serratus posterior inferior (SPI) was 9.5 to 11.1 ribs. Conclusions There are three dangerous zones during LD flap harvesting. The first zone is where the conjoined fascia encompasses the LD and thoracolumbar fasciae. The second zone is where the LD merges with the EOM and the serratus anterior. The third zone is the lower part where the LD merges with the SPI and EOM. The "bottom-up" technique enables a more meticulous and atraumatic operation by beginner flap surgeons.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2023

Objective : The facial nerve trace on the ipsilateral side of the vestibular schwannoma was reconstructed by diffusion tensor imaging tractography to identify the adjacent relationship between the facial nerve and the tumor, and to improve the level of intraoperative facial nerve protection. Methods : The clinical data of 30 cases of unilateral vestibular schwannoma who underwent tumor resection via retrosigmoid approach were collected between January 2019 and December 2020. All cases underwent magnetic resonance imaging examination before operation. Diffusion tensor imaging and anatomical images were used to reconstruct the facial nerve track of the affected side, so as to predict the course of the nerve and its adjacent relationship with the tumor, to compare the actual trace of the facial nerve during operation, verify the degree of coincidence, and evaluate the nerve function (House-Brackmann grade) after surgery. Results : The facial nerve of 27 out of 30 cases could be displayed by diffusion tensor imaging tractography, and the tracking rate was 90% (27/30). The intraoperative locations of facial nerve shown in 25 cases were consistent with the preoperative reconstruction results. The coincidence rate was 92.6% (25/27). The facial nerves were located on the anterior middle part of the tumor in 14 cases, anterior upper part in eight cases, anterior lower part in seven cases, and superior polar in one case. Intraoperative facial nerve anatomy was preserved in 30 cases. Among the 30 patients, total resection was performed in 28 cases and subtotal resection in two cases. The facial nerve function was evaluated 2 weeks after operation, and the results showed grade I in 12 cases, grade II in 16 cases and grade III in two cases. Conclusion : Preoperative diffusion tensor imaging tractography can clearly show the trajectory and adjacent position of the facial nerve on the side of vestibular schwannoma, which is beneficial to accurately identify and effectively protect the facial nerve during the operation, and is worthy of clinical application and promotion.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.212-220
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• 2024

PURPOSE. This cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) study aimed to analyze the anatomical characteristics of alveolar bone at mandibular first molar (MFM) and their implications for immediate implant placement surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 100 patients with 140 MFMs were reviewed retrospectively. We first performed a 3D reconstruction of the patient's CBCT data to determine a reference plane with ideal implant placement and orientation. The following parameters of MFM region were analyzed: mesial-distal socket size (MDSS), buccal-lingual socket size (BL-SS), root furcation fornix to inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) distance (RF-I), interradicular bone thickness (IRB), mesial/distal root apex to the IAN distance (MRA-I/DRA-I), thickness of the buccal/lingual bone of the mesial root (MR-B/MR-L), thickness of the buccal/lingual bone of the distal root (DR-B/DR-L). RESULTS. The MD-SS of MFM was 8.74 ± 0.76 mm, and the BLSS was 8.26 ± 0.72 mm. The MR-B, DR-B was 1.01 ± 0.40 mm and 1.14 ± 0.50 mm, and the difference was statistically significant (P = .001). The values of the MR-L, DR-L were 2.71 ± 0.78 mm and 3.09 ± 0.73 mm, and the difference was also statistically significant (P < .001). The mean distance of RF-I was 15.68 ± 2.13 mm, and the MRA-I was 7.06 ± 2.22 mm, which was greater than that of DRA-I (6.48 ± 2.30 mm, P < .001). The IRB at 2 mm, 4 mm apical from the furcation fornix, and at apex level was 2.81 ± 0.50 mm, 3.30 ± 0.62 mm, and 4.44 ± 1.02 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION. There is relatively sufficient bone mass in interradicular bone in height, but an adequate width is lacking for the bone between the mesial and distal root after the extraction of the MFM for immediate implantation. The thickness of the MFM buccal bone is relative thin, especially for the mesial root.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.283-290
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spatial relationship of facial bone more accurately. For this study, the three-dimensional images of dry skull were reconstructed using computer image analysis system and three-dimensional reconstructive program involved CT. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Three-dimensional reconstructive CT results in images that have better resolution and more contrast 2. It showed good marginal images of anatomical structure on both three-dimensional CT and computer image analysis system, but the roof of orbit, the lacrimal bone and the squamous portion of temporal bone were hardly detectable. 3. The partial loss of image data were observed during the regeneration of saved image data on three-dimensional CT. 4. It saved the more time for reconstruction of three-dimensional images using computer image analysis system. But, the capacity of hardware was limited for inputting of image data and three-dimensional reconstructive process. 5. We could observe the spatial relationship between the region of interest and the surrounding structures by three-dimensional reconstructive images without invasive method.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2004

Purpose : This study was to evaluate the influence of slice thickness of computed tomography (CT) and rapid protyping (RP) type on the accuracy of 3-dimensional medical model. Materials and Methods: Transaxial CT data of human dry skull were taken from multi-detector spiral CT. Slice thickness were 1, 2, 3 and 4 mm respectively. Three-dimensional image model reconstruction using 3-D visualization medical software (V-works /sup TM/ 3.0) and RP model fabrications were followed. 2-RP models were 3D printing (Z402, Z Corp., Burlington, USA) and Stereolithographic Apparatus model. Linear measurements of anatomical landmarks on dry skull, 3-D image model, and 2-RP models were done and compared according to slice thickness and RP model type. Results: There were relative error percentage in absolute value of 0.97, 1.98,3.83 between linear measurements of dry skull and image models of 1, 2, 3 mm slice thickness respectively. There was relative error percentage in absolute value of 0.79 between linear measurements of dry skull and SLA model. There was relative error difference in absolute value of 2.52 between linear measurements of dry skull and 3D printing model. Conclusion: These results indicated that 3-dimensional image model of thin slice thickness and stereolithographic RP model showed relative high accuracy.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2018

Chronic lateral ankle instability is a major complication of acute ankle sprains, which can cause discomfort in both daily and sports activity. In addition, it may result in degenerative changes to the ankle joint in the long term. An accurate diagnostic approach and successful treatment plan can be established based on a comprehensive understanding of the concept of functional and mechanical instability. The patients' history and correct physical examination would be the first and most important step. The hindfoot alignment, competence of the lateral ligaments, and proprioceptive function should be evaluated. Additional information can be gathered using standard and stress radiographs. In addition, concomitant pathologic conditions can be investigated by magnetic resonance imaging. Conservative rehabilitation composed of the range of motion, muscle strengthening, and proprioceptive exercise is the main treatment for functional instability and mechanical instability. Regarding the mechanical instability, surgical treatment can be considered for irresponsible patients after a sufficient period of rehabilitation. Anatomic repair (modified $Brostr{\ddot{o}}m$ operation) is regarded as the gold standard procedure. In cases with poor prognostic factors, an anatomical reconstruction or additional procedures can be chosen. For combined intra-articular pathologies, arthroscopic procedures should be conducted, and arthroscopic lateral ligament repair has recently been introduced. Regarding the postoperative management, early functional rehabilitation with short term immobilization is recommended.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.50 no.10
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• pp.624-629
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• 2012

This study examined the anatomical relationships along with the variability of the facial nerve trunk and its branches with an emphasis on the intraparotid connections between the divisions. And histomorphometric observations of the facial nerve branches and fascicles were performed on 40 Korean half-heads. The facial nerve trunk was bifurcated into two main divisions(35/40, 87.5%) and the other five cases were divided into a trifurcation pattern. According to the origin of the buccal branch, the branching patterns of the facia l nerve were classified into four categories. Communications between the facial and auriculotemporal nerve branches were observed in 37 out of 40 cases(92.5%). In the histological observation, the buccal branch had the greatest number of branches(3.47), however the zygomatic branch had the largest diameters(0.93mm). This detailed description of the facial nerve anatomy wi ll provide useful information for surgical procedures such as a tumor resection. a facial nerve reconstruction, autonerve graft. and facelift.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2002

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of threshold value of computed tomography on the accuracy of rapid prototyping (RP) medical model Material and Methods : CT datas of a human dry skull were transferred from CT scanner via compact disk to a personal computer (PC). 3-dimensional image reconstruction on PC by V-works/sup TM/ 3.0 (CyberMed. Inc.) software and RP models fabrication were followed. 2-RP models were produced by threshold value of 500 and 800 selected in surface rendering process. Linear measurements between arbitrary 12 anatomical landmarks on dry skull, 3-D image model, and 2-RP models were done and compared. Thus, the accuracy of 500 RP and 800RP models was respectively evaluated. Results: There was mean difference (% difference) in absolute value of 2.27 mm (2.73%) between linear measurements of dry skull and 500 RP model. There was mean difference (% difference) in absolute value of 1.94 mm (2.52%) between linear measurements of dry skull and 800 RP model. Conclusion: Slight difference of threshold value in rendering process of 3-D modelling made a influence on the accuracy of RP medical model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.89-103
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• 2011

The recent innovations in technoscience have changed the patterns of everyday lives for women and their politics of identity. Among the various debates on a women's relationship to technoscience, Donna J. Haraway's theory of the cyborg has been one of the most influential, as it provides new modes of conceiving subjectivity as well as new notions of women's shared experiences. For Haraway, the cyborg is an image of a female subject that will lead the future of science and technology as an amalgamation of non-hierarchical differences. This study examines the characteristics and meanings for the distortion, anti-aesthetic body, and clothing in fashion design through the cyborg feminism theory. Characteristics and meanings of the cyborg in fashion designs find their expression through mechanical images, distorted physical transformations, reconstruction of a destructed body, expression of an anatomical and heterogeneous body, and the persona image. Such expressions are not simply an act of distorting and destroying a body image but extending the category of a body, but of going beyond the limit of a real body and create a new body.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1385-1395
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose a method to fabricate a patient-specific breast implant using MRI images and 3D scan data. Existing breast implants for breast reconstruction surgery are primarily fabricated products for shaping, and among the limited types of implants, products similar to the patient's breast have been used. In fact, the larger the difference between the shape of the breast and the implant, the more frequent the postoperative side effects and the lower the satisfaction. Previous researches on the fabrication of patient-specific breast implants have used limited information based on only MRI images or on only 3D scan data. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for the fabrication of patient-specific breast implants that combines MRI images with 3D scan data, considering anatomical suitability for external shape, volume, and pectoral muscle. Experimental results show that we can produce precise breast implants using the proposed algorithm.