• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 1995

Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid gland is one of the most malignant tumors. Recently, DNA ploidy measured by flow cytometry and image analysis has been suggested as an additional useful indicator of tumor behavior. Studies on the occurrence and clinical significance of DNA aneuploidy in anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid are rare. In this study, the pattern of DNA ploidy was measured by image analysis on Papanicolaou stained slides in four cases of anaplastic carcinoma and also measured by flow cytometry using paraffin blocks in two cases. In all cases of anaplastic carcinoma, DNA aneuploidy was found by image analaysis. By flow cytometry, one case had a diploid peak and the other case had an aneuploid peak. According to the above results, we conclude that anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid glands have a high incidence of DNA aneuploidy and image analysis using Papanicolaou stained slides is a useful method in detecting DNA aneuploidy.

• International journal of thyroidology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2017

Background and Objectives: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is commonly related with concurrent differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). We aimed to examine the clinicopathologic characteristics, prognosis and gene expression of DTC with anaplastic foci. Materials and Methods: Eighteen patients with DTC with anaplastic foci were enrolled in this study. To compare the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of anaplastic foci subjects with conventional ATC or DTC, we additionally included 12 ATC and 1030 DTC patients who diagnosed during same period. Immunohistochemistry was performed to check the gene expression in anaplastic foci and DTC component. Results: In anaplastic foci group, tumor size was larger ($2.5{\pm}1.3$ vs. $1.2{\pm}0.9cm$, p=0.001), distant metastasis was more frequent (11.1 vs. 0%, p=0.000) and 1-year survival rate was low (88.9 vs. 100%, p=0.000) than DTC group. In contrast, compared with ATC group, anaplastic foci group showed younger age at diagnosis ($50{\pm}16$ vs. $63{\pm}18years$, p=0.039), smaller tumor size ($2.5{\pm}1.3$ vs. $3.8{\pm}1.4cm$, p=0.027), less distant metastasis (11.1 vs. 41.7%, p=0.084) and longer 1-year survival rate (88.9 vs. 25.0%, p=0.001). Expression of p53 protein was observed in 100% of anaplastic foci, ATC and 12.5% of papillary thyroid carcinoma component. Conclusion: DTC with foci of anaplastic transformation has a worse prognosis than DTC, but a better prognosis than ATC. Our results support that DTC with anaplastic foci was intermediate state from DTC to ATC.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.151-158
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• 1995

Anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid gland account for no more than 10% of thyroid cancer, but it shows extremely poor prognosis. The purpose of this study is to review the outcome of patients with anaplastic carcinoma over the span of 5 years and to determine the patterns of clinical presentation, age, sex and other possible prognostic variables. We analyzed 30 cases of anaplastic carcinoma retrospectively from 1991 to 1995. There were 14 men and 16 women. There age ranged 33 to 75 years with a mean of 61.0 years. Sixteen patients presented with transformationqr of well differentiated carcinoma to anaplastic carcinoma, 1 with rapid in-crease in the size of long standing goiter, 8 with rapidly growing neck mass and 4 with meta static disease. Twenty-eight patients(93.3%) showed cervical lymphnode metastasis at presentation and twenty three patients(76.6%) showed laryngotracheal invasion. Nine patients (30.3%) showed distant metastasis. Treatment modalities included surgical resection, external irradiation, radioactive iodine and systemic chemotherapy. At decision making of treatment plan, we considered completeness of initial surgery, uptake rate of whole body radioactive io-dine scan, locoregional progression and distant metastasis. The median survival was 6.8 months and three cases survived beyond 12 months.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.153-155
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• 2009

Ectopic thyroid glands generally occur in the midline as a result of abnormal median migration, and their presence lateral to the midline is extremly rare. We report a 83-year-old male with anaplastic carcinoma admix papillary carcinoma in the extrathyroid area. We suspected left lateral neck metastasis on preoperative fine needle aspiration result and computed tomography. the patient underwent total thyroidectomy and left selective neck dissection(level II, III, IV, V). The patient was diagnosed as having an ectopic thyroid gland on the lateral neck with anaplastic carcinoma admix papillry carcinoma. The patient is alive without incident of tumor recurrence at 5month after surgery and radiotherapy.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.172-175
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• 1994

Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid is one of the most malignant tumors and survival for longer than three years after diagnosis is exceptional. Multinucleated giant cells of osteoclastlike appearance are seen un some of the anaplastic carcinoma, but only three cases in which the diagnosis was made by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology are reported in the international literature. We experienced a case of anaplastic carcinoma with osteoclastlike giant cells in a 66-yr-old female, diagnosed by FNA cytology. The smears revealed two cell populations: multinucleated giant cells and large polygonal or spindle shaped malignant cells. The FNA cytodiagnosis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma containing osteoclastlike giant cells was substantiated by subsequent biopsy.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.187-192
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• 1995

Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid (ACT) is a rare subtype of thyroid neoplasm. This tumor represents approximately 5-10% of all thyroid malignancies and has poor prognosis ACT often arises on a long-standing thyroid nodule and has been documented to be associated with a variety of more well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas. We experienced a case of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma who had had about a year history of thyroid getter. The patient had been injected with sclerosing agents in treatment of preexisting golfer. The ACT in this case had varied cytologic and histologic appearances: pleomorphic, giant cell, spindle and squamoid. Immunohistochemically, strong cytoplasmic positivity for cytokeratin was seen in all kinds of tumor cells. Ultrastructurally, the evidences of epithelial differentiation were seen such as intercellular junctions and tonofibrils.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.32-35
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• 2003

Multinucleated giant cells of osteoclast-like appearance can be seen in a type of anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid and only a few case reports for fine needle aspiration cytologic findings are found in the literatures. Recently, we experienced a case of anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid with many osteoclast-like giant cells in a 72-year-old woman. The cytologic features and immunohistochemical results are described with special emphasis on differential diagnosis.

• International journal of thyroidology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2017

Anaplastic transformation of differentiated thyroid cancer at distant metastatic sites is extremely rare and has a poor prognosis. It usually occurs in the thyroid gland or cervical lymph nodes. Here we report a case of anaplastic transformation arising at multiple distant metastatic sites including the lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone, and lymph nodes in a patient 3 years after total thyroidectomy for follicular thyroid cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1241-1245
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• 2015

Background: Thyroid carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the endocrine organs. Although the majority of thyroid cancer patients experience positive outcomes, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is considered one of the most aggressive malignancies. Current therapeutic regimens do not confer a significant survival benefit, and new therapies are urgently needed. Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) may represent a promising therapy for cancer. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of a third-generation HSV vector, $G47{\Delta}$, on various human thyroid carcinoma cell lines in vitro. Two subcutaneous (s.c.) models of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma were also established to evaluate the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of $G47{\Delta}$. Materials and Methods: The human thyroid carcinoma cell line ARO, FRO, WRO, and KAT-5, were infected with $G47{\Delta}$ at different multiplicities of infection (MOIs) in vitro. The survival rates of infected cells were calculated each day. Two s.c. tumor models were established using ARO and FRO cells in Balb/c nude mice, which were intratumorally (i.t.) treated with either $G47{\Delta}$ or mock. Tumor volumes and mouse survival times were documented. Results: $G47{\Delta}$ was highly cytotoxic to different types of thyroid carcinomas. For ARO, FRO, and KAT-5, greater than 30% and 80% of cells were killed at MOI=0.01 and MOI=0.1, respectively on day 5. WRO cells displayed modest sensitivity to $G47{\Delta}$, with only 21% and 38% of cells killed. In the s.c. tumor model, both of the anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines (ARO and FRO) were highly sensitive to $G47{\Delta}$; $G47{\Delta}$ significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival of mice bearing s.c. ARO and FRO tumors. Conclusions: The oHSV $G47{\Delta}$ can effectively kill different types of human thyroid carcinomas in vitro. $G47{\Delta}$ significantly inhibited growth of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in vivo and prolonged animal survival. Therefore, $G47{\Delta}$ may hold great promise for thyroid cancer patients.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.56-58
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• 2001

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, which is one of the most aggressive tumors of the thyroid, has been seldomly reposted to have altered thyroid function. There have been few reports of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer presenting in a hyperthyroid state. In the literatures, the mechanism of hyperthyroidism in anaplastic thyroid cancer is supposed that the rapid invasive growth of cancer seems to cause destruction of thyroid tissue and develops a hyperthyroid state, which is thought to be anlalogous to that of subacute thyroiditis and several types of metastatic cancer of the thyroid: rapid tissue necrosis with resultant release of thyroid hormone. Recently, we experienced a case of anaplastic thyroid cancer presenting with rapid growing mass and hyperthyroidism in a 67-year-old woman and report it with the review of the literatures.