• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제75권5호
• /
• pp.188-198
• /
• 2013

Over the past decade, several kinase inhibitors have been approved based on their clinical benefit in cancer patients. Unfortunately, in many cases, patients develop resistance to these agents via secondary mutations and alternative mechanisms. To date, several major mechanisms of acquired resistance, such as secondary mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, amplification of the MET gene and overexpression of hepatocyte growth factor, have been reported. This review describes the recent findings on the mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and acquired resistance to anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors, primarily focusing on non-small cell lung carcinoma.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.175-182
• /
• 2021

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized as CD30 positive and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) negative. In 2016, the World Health Organization declared BIA-ALCL as a new disease entity. The first case of BIA-ALCL was reported in 1997, and as of July 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration had cited a total of 573 United States and global medical device reports of BIA-ALCL, including 33 deaths. In all clinical case reports, except for those with unknown clinical history, the patient had received at least one textured surface breast implant. Although the etiology is not yet clear, chronic inflammation has been proposed as a potential precursor to tumorigenesis. The most common presentation of BIA-ALCL is peri-implant fluid collection following aesthetic or reconstructive implantation with textured surface breast implants. It can be accompanied by breast swelling, asymmetry, pain, skin lesions, lymphadenopathy, and B-type symptoms. Most cases are detected on average 7 to 10 years after implantation. Diagnostic specimens can be obtained with fine-needle aspiration or biopsy. BIA-ALCL is CD30 positive, epithelial membrane antigen positive, and ALK negative. It can be cured with complete surgical excision at the T1-T3 stage.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.108-111
• /
• 2023

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCLs) are a group CD30-positive mature T-cell lymphomas, an uncommon subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, characterized by diverse clinical and genetic features. Among the types of ALCL, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative ALCL, though typically involves the lymph nodes, can infrequently invade other tissues. When soft tissue involvement occurs, it may mimic the clinical presentation of infectious diseases, leading to potential misdiagnosis. Therefore, a histological examination is necessary to differentiate between ALK-negative ALCL and similar phenotypes associated with infectious conditions. This paper reports a case of ALCL, initially misdiagnosed as an infection.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제77권6호
• /
• pp.258-261
• /
• 2014

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement, is a kind of driver mutation, accounts for 3%-5% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC patients harboring ALK fusion genes have distinct clinical features and good response to ALK inhibitors. Metastasis from lung cancer to the ovary has rarely been known. We report a case of a 54-year-old woman with bilateral ovarian metastases from ALK rearranged NSCLC. She underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for ovary masses, which were progressed after cytotoxic chemotherapy although primary lung mass was decreased. Histopathological examination of the ovary tumor showed characteristic adenocarcinoma patterns of the lung and ALK rearrangement.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.96-99
• /
• 2023

Oral spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma (SCRMS) with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) expression is extremely rare, and its diagnosis is very challenging in the absence of clinical or pathological indicators. This case presented with gingival swelling and alveolar bone resorption and was suspected clinically to be periodontitis. A biopsy was performed and, due to immunoreactivity with ALK, the patient was misdiagnosed with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. However, based on the combined histological and immunohistochemical features, a revised diagnosis of SCRMS with ALK expression was finally concluded. We believe that this report makes a significant contribution to the precise diagnosis of this rare disease for proper treatment.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제78권4호
• /
• pp.390-395
• /
• 2015

Primary anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) of the lung is highly aggressive and quite rare. We report here a case of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive endobronchial ALCL, that was initially thought to be primary lung cancer. A 68-year-old woman presented with hemoptysis, dyspnea, and upper respiratory symptoms persisting since 1 month. The hemoptysis and and bronchial obstruction lead to respiratory failure, prompting emergency radiotherapy and steroid treatment based on the probable diagnosis of lung cancer, although a biopsy did not confirm malignancy. Following treatment, her symptoms resolved completely. Chest computed tomography scan performed 8 months later showed increased and enlarged intra-abdominal lymph nodes, suggesting lymphoma. At that time, a lymph node biopsy was recommended, but the patient refused and was lost to follow up. Sixteen months later, the patient revisited the emergency department, complaining of persistent abdominal pain since several months. A laparoscopic intra-abdominal lymph node biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of ALCL.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제57권4호
• /
• pp.408-412
• /
• 2024

Fetal lung interstitial tumor (FLIT), which is characterized by immature interstitial cells resembling the fetal lung parenchyma of 20 to 24 weeks of gestation, is a rare respiratory neoplasm. This study presents the first reported FLIT in Korea. It also aims to refine the diagnostic method of FLIT and increase the accuracy of prognostic assessment by using next-generation sequencing to check for anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) gene rearrangement. Although the initial prognosis for FLIT has been promising since its first report in 2010, certain pathological features are associated with poorer outcomes. Therefore, achieving an accurate diagnosis of FLIT is crucial for avoiding unnecessary treatments beyond surgical resection.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제83권1호
• /
• pp.14-19
• /
• 2020

Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although there are many possible treatments, including targeted therapies such as epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors, new therapeutic strategies are needed to improve clinical outcomes. Immunotherapy through the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has provided one of the most important breakthroughs in the management of solid tumors, including lung cancers, and has shown promising results in numerous clinical trials. This review will present the current status of immunotherapy for lung cancer and future perspectives on these treatments.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제34권10호
• /
• pp.3129-3132
• /
• 2013

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제75권5호
• /
• pp.181-187
• /
• 2013

The emergence of new therapeutic agents for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) implies that histologic subtyping and molecular predictive testing are now essential for therapeutic decisions. Histologic subtype predicts the efficacy and toxicity of some treatment agents, as do genetic alterations, which can be important predictive factors in treatment selection. Molecular markers, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement, are the best predictors of response to specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment agents. As the majority of patients with NSCLC present with unresectable disease, it is therefore crucial to optimize the use of tissue samples for diagnostic and predictive examinations, particularly for small biopsy and cytology specimens. Therefore, each institution needs to develop a diagnostic approach requiring close communication between the pulmonologist, radiologist, pathologist, and oncologist in order to preserve sufficient biopsy materials for molecular analysis as well as to ensure rapid diagnosis. Currently, personalized medicine in NSCLC is based on the histologic subtype and molecular status. This review summarizes strategies for tissue acquisition, histologic subtyping and molecular analysis for predictive testing in NSCLC.