• Composites Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 수치적 시뮬레이션을 통해 탄소/에폭시 복합재 적층판의 고속충돌 관통 거동을 연구하였다. 해석은 상용유한요소 해석프로그램인 LS-DYNA를 사용하여 해석을 수행하였고, 적층판 및 구형 강철 충격체 모두 3차원 요소로 모델링 하였다. 해석에는 적층순서가 $[45/0/-45/90]_{ns}$인 16 및 24장으로 된 복합재 적층판을 고려하였으며 충격체의 초기속도는 140-250 m/s 범위의 값을 사용하였다. 해석결과 예측된 잔류속도는 실험값과 비교적 잘 일치하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.44-56
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• 1993

본 연구는 강구에 의한 충격을 받는 유리/에폭시 적층복합판의 충격 응답 및 파동 전파 특성을 연구하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 고차전 다변형이론에 기초한 동적 유한요소해석을 행하였으며, 저속 및 고속 충격 실험을 행하였다. 동적 유한요소해석으로 부터 접촉력의 변화와 강구의 반발 속도 그리고 충격에 의한 변형률 응답을 구하였다. 변형률 응답은 충격 실험의 결과와 비교 하였다. 또한 고속 충격 실험의 결과로 부터 파동전파 속도를 계산하여 파동 전파 이론에 의한 결과와 비교 검토하였다. 그 결과, 충격 실험에서 구한 변형률 응답은 동적 유한요소해석에 의한 결과의 경향과 잘 일치하였으며, 충격 속도의 증가에 따른 최대접촉력의 증가율은 판의 크기가 클수록 증가하였다. 그리고 파동 전파 속도는 구 결과가 잘 일치하였으며, 접촉시간에 의한 영향으로 강구의 크기가 클 수록 빠르게 나타났다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.529-547
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• 2022

Graphene is one of the strongest, stiffest, and lightest nanoscale materials known to date, making it a potentially viable and attractive candidate for developing lightweight structural composites to prevent high-velocity ballistic impact, as commonly encountered in defense and space sectors. In-plane twist in bilayer graphene has recently revealed unprecedented electronic properties like superconductivity, which has now started attracting the attention for other multi-physical properties of such twisted structures. For example, the latest studies show that twisting can enhance the strength and stiffness of graphene by many folds, which in turn creates a strong rationale for their prospective exploitation in high-velocity impact. The present article investigates the ballistic performance of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) nanostructures. We have employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, augmented further by coupling gaussian process-based machine learning, for the nanoscale characterization of various tBLG structures with varying relative rotation angle (RRA). Spherical diamond impactors (with a diameter of 25Å) are enforced with high initial velocity (V_i) in the range of 1 km/s to 6.5 km/s to observe the ballistic performance of tBLG nanostructures. The specific penetration energy (E_p^*) of the impacted nanostructures and residual velocity (V_r) of the impactor are considered as the quantities of interest, wherein the effect of stochastic system parameters is computationally captured based on an efficient Gaussian process regression (GPR) based Monte Carlo simulation approach. A data-driven sensitivity analysis is carried out to quantify the relative importance of different critical system parameters. As an integral part of this study, we have deterministically investigated the resonant behaviour of graphene nanostructures, wherein the high-velocity impact is used as the initial actuation mechanism. The comprehensive dynamic investigation of bilayer graphene under the ballistic impact, as presented in this paper including the effect of twisting and random disorder for their prospective exploitation, would lead to the development of improved impact-resistant lightweight materials.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2012

In the design of high speed railway bridges is important a impact factor as a tool of assessing the dynamic capacitys of bridges. However, the impact factor(or dynamic amplification factor, DAF) of high speed railway bridges may essentially be changeable because the dynamic response is affected by the long train length(380 m), number of axles and high speed velocity(300 km/h)(Korea Train eXpress: KTX). Therefore, on this study will be examined the dynamic capacity and stability of the typical PSC Box Girder of high speed railway bridge. At first, the static/dynamic analysis is performed considering the axle load line of KTX based upon existing references. Additionally, the KTX moving load is transformed into the dynamic time series load for conducting various parameter studies like axle length, analytical time increment, velocity of KTX. The time history analysis is repeatedly performed to get maximum dynamic responce by varying axle load length, analytical time increment, velocity of KTX. The study shows that dynamic analysis has resonable results with optimal axle load length(0.6 m) and time increment(0.01 sec.) and maximum DAF and dynamic resonance happens at 270 km/h velocity of KTX.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2010

In this study, a genetic algorithm was utilized to optimize the stacking sequence of a composite plate subjected to a high velocity impact. The aim is to minimize the maximum backplane displacement of the plate. In the finite element model, we idealized the impactor using solid elements and modeled the composite plate by shell elements to reduce the analysis time. Various tests were carried out to investigate the effect of parameters in the genetic algorithm such as the type of variables, population size, number of discrete variables, and mutation probability.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1021-1026
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• 2011

경량화와 강도 관점에서 구조부재에 대한 충돌 문제들은 방위산업, 고속운송수단을 포함한 다양한 분야에서 매우 중요시 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 수치해석적 기법을 도입하여 알루미늄합금 판재에 대해 충격자의 충돌 조건에 따라 고속충격 환경에서의 파괴거동을 분석하였다. 충격자의 충돌조건은 형상, 속도, 각도의 3 가지 조건을 설정하였으며, 반복적 계산 소요를 줄이기 위하여 실험계획법의 한 종류인 라틴방격법을 도입하였다. 조건 변화에 따른 유한요소해석 결과를 통하여 충격흡수에너지량과 소성변형량을 계산하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 분산분석법을 수행하였고 따라서 각 인자 대한 영향도 평가를 수행할 수 있었다. 결과를 통해 충격흡수에너지 관점에서 충돌속도가 가장 큰 영향을 나타내었으며, 소성변형량 관점에서는 충돌각도가 가장 큰 영향인자로 평가되었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.207-230
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• 2012

Nowadays CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) became widely used materials for the strengthening and retrofitting of structures. Many experimental and analytical studies are encountered at literature about strengthening beams by using this kind of materials against static loads and cyclic loads such as earthquake or wind loading for investigating their behavior. But authors did not found any study about strengthening of RC beams by using CFRP against low velocity impact and investigating their behavior. For these reasons an experimental study is conducted on totally ten strengthened RC beams. Impact loading is applied on to specimens by using an impact loading system that is designed by authors. Investigated parameters were concrete compression strength and drop height. Two different sets of specimens with different concrete compression strength tested under the impact loading that are applied by dropping constant weight hammer from five different heights. The acceleration arises from the impact loading is measured against time. The change of velocity, displacement and energy are calculated for all specimens. The failure modes of the specimens with normal and high concrete compression strength are observed under the loading of constant weight impact hammer that are dropped from different heights. Impact behaviors of beams are positively affected from the strengthening with CFRP. Measured accelerations, the number of drops up to failure and dissipated energy are increased. Finite element analysis that are made by using ABAQUS software is used for the simulation of experiments, and model gave compatible results with experiments.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.105-121
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• 1994

In this paper, we proposed the two-parameter model for predicting the residual strength in CFRP laminated composites subjected to high velocity impact and developed and formulated it based upon Cparino's by using the ratio of impact and the normalized residual strength. Critical indentation was obtained by the statical indentation tests. Impact tests were carried out through air-gun type impact equipment with the velocities varied 30-100m/sec. Projectiles were steel balls with 5 and 7mm in diameter. Test material was carbon/epoxy. The specimens were composed of [ .+-. 45 .deg. /0 .deg. /90 .deg. ]$\_$2/ and [ .+-. 45 .deg. ]$\_$4/stacking sequences and had 0.75$\^$T/*0.26$\^$W/*100$\^$L/(mm) dimension. Results from the proposed model were in good agreement with the test data. And failure mechanism due to high velocity impact is given here to examine the initation and deveolpment of damage by fractography and ultrasonic image system. The effects of the 0 .deg. -direction ply position and the amount to damage area on the residual strength are considered here.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1134-1143
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• 1994

A study of adiabatic shear band formation and propagation of 4340 steel was done using the stepped speciment which was subjected to high velocity impact. The high velocity impact was performed on compression Hopkinson bar impact machine. After the controlled impact, the specimen was prepared for visual inspection. Numerical simulation was also performed with same geometrical dimension using explicit time integration finite element code. Experimental results were then compared with the numerical prediction. It was found that the numerical prediction is quite accurate, average thickness of adiabatic shear band is about $10{\mu}m$, the macro crack around shoulder is due to folding, and the deformation control ring is effective to freeze the propagation of adiabatic shear band.

• Composites Research
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 적층 패턴이 다른 5가지 섬유금속적층판(Fiber Metal Laminates, FMLs)에 대한 유한요소해석을 수행하여 선행 연구로 수행한 낙추충격시험과의 유사성을 검증하였고, 효과적인 저속 충격 해석 모델을 개발하였다. 또한 동일한 두께를 가지는 연강(mild steel)과 에너지흡수율을 비교하여 Carbon-Steel 섬유금속적층판의 내충격성을 확인하였다. Carbon-Steel 섬유금속적층판은 동일한 두께를 가지는 연강에 비하여 우수한 충격흡수율을 보였으며, 모든 적층 패턴에서 96% 이상의 높은 에너지흡수율 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 저속 충격 해석 모델은 복합형상 및 자동차 구조체 연구에 효과적으로 적용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.