• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.111-125
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• 2005

This study aims at reconsidering the spacial structure and suggesting guidelines for campus planning and design with spatial reference to the Campus of PaiChai university, area $208,499m^2$, Taejon. This study is mainly based on user's behavior and physical traces and questionnaire survey. User's behavior and physical traces were carefully observed by 20 students of dept. of landscape architecture at each alloted zone, 6 zones in Campus. Questionnaire survey, consisted of user attitudes, use satisfaction factors and personal items was carried out to 320 persons. As a result, the item of 'rest' shows the highest mean and the item of 'chatting' and 'meeting' follows to utilization purpose. The length of stay is generally 30minute to 1hour. The factor analysis, on the object of 32 items except 4 item, appeared 8 factors: visual elements, activity, vehicle, plants, practicality of street furniture, bench, spacial use and shade.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.23
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• pp.329-362
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• 1995

Newspaper Article Information is an important source of information on social phenomenon with historical value. The development of computer and technology of information communication enables the construction of Newspaper Article Database by CTS and service through computer communication. It made it possible for the peoples to utilize the Newspaper Article Information easily. However, it is very difficult to utilize the currently prevailing system. There are differences in classification system of Newspaper Article Database and the Data Display Format. This survey aims to review the characteristics of Newspaper Article Database and current domestic computer communication service system. By comparing the classification system of Retrieval Menu and Data Display Format, I intended to suggest the standardized way of utilization which enables the users utilize them more easily and conveniently. The results of this survey is as follows : 1. More sub-divided distinction of classification item is required. 2. Separate classification item should be established for the distinction of article form which is very difficult to classify the subject. 3. Data Display Format should be equi n.0, pped with standardized format and signal which enables the users recognize it easily.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.670-690
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze paper and pencil test items of life science I in high school to diagnose problems of the test items developed by teachers, and to provide some implication for better assessment. 690 selection-type items and 162 supply-type items in life science I were collected from 10 general high schools. In the analysis of test items, the ratio of the selection-type item and the supply-type item was 81:19 in the number of items based on item type, while the ratio was 74.4:25.6 in the distribution of marks, indicating that the distribution of marks compared to the number of items was higher in the supply-type items. In the analysis by the Bloom's revised taxonomy of educational objectives, the items of 'conceptual knowledge' in the knowledge and those of 'understanding' in the cognition process were shown most in both the selection-type item and the supply-type item. In the analysis by the science assessment frameworks of NAEA, the items of 'knowledge' were shown 9 times more than those of 'inquiry'. When compared to the level of difficulty presented in the two-way specification table and the percentage of correct answers in the selection-type item, the concurrence was 41.5%. When compared to the ratio of number of items based on the item type of the supply-type items, the short-answer items were 34.0%, the descriptive items were 61.1%, and the drawing items were 4.9%. The drawing items were mainly developed in the unit of 'Cells and Continuity of Life'. When the descriptive items were classified by the acceptance of response, all the items were 'response restricted' type, and the items of 'restricted in content range' type among them were highest. When the items were classified by presentation of data, the items of 'presentation of data' type were highest(65.4%), and when classified by type of question, the items of 'knowledge description' type were highest(80.4%). In conclusion, it is needed to develop items belonging to 'inquiry' area more in the school, and to increase the ratio of the descriptive items, presenting various types of items.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2015

In this study, assessment items to examine geocognition on plate tectonics were developed and applied to middle and high school students and college students. Conceptual constructs on plate tectonics are Earth interior structure, specific geomorphology, and geologic phenomena at each plate boundary. Construct for geocognition included temporal reasoning, spatial reasoning, retrospective reasoning, and system thinking. Pictorial data in each item were all obtained from GeoMapApp. Students' responses to the items were analyzed and measured cross-sectionally by Rasch model, which distinguishes persons' ability levels based on their scores for all items and compared them with item difficulty. By Rasch model analysis, Wright maps for middle and high school students and college students were obtained and compared with each other. Differential Item Functioning analysis was also implemented to compare students' item responses across school grades. The results showed: 1) Geocognition on plate tectonics was an assessable construct for middle and high school students in current science curriculum, 2) The most distinguished geocognition factor was spatial reasoning based on cross sectional analysis across school grades, 3) Geocognition on plate tectonics could be developed towards more sophisticated level through scaffolding of relevant instruction and earth science content knowledge, and 4) Geocognition was not a general reasoning separated from a task content but a content-specific reasoning related to the content of an assessment item. We proposed several suggestions for learning progressions for plate tectonics and national curriculum development based on the results of the study.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.472-479
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• 2015

Few instruments are available to measure nurses' perceptions of cultural competence in South Korea. Furthermore, the equivalence of factors between original and translated instruments has not been evaluated. The specific aims of this study were to identify the validity and reliability of a Korean version of the Cultural Awareness Scale (K-CAS) and to evaluate the equivalence of factors between the original CAS and the K-CAS. A total of 515 nursing students completed the 26-item K-CAS, 28-item Caffrey Cultural Competence in Healthcare Scale (CCCHS), and eight-item Openness to Diversity and Challenge Scale (ODCS). The K-CAS exhibited good reliability (${\alpha}=.83$) and construct validity by correlating with the CCCHS (r=.344, p<.001) and ODCS (r=.394, p<.001). Confirmatory factor analysis results of the K-CAS confirmed the same factor structure as the original CAS. The K-CAS could be a useful tool to assess the concept of cultural competence among nursing students and nurses.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1097-1107
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a job stress scale for hospital-based home care nurses in Korea. The process was construction of the conceptual framework, development of the preliminary items, verification of the content validity, item analysis and test of the reliability. The preliminary items were based on literature review and in-depth interviews with home care nurses. As a result, eight categories and sixty items were selected. These were reviewed by seven specialists for content validity and finally fifty one items were chosen. Data was collected from 180 home care nurses who were engaged in 87 hospitals from August to September 2003. The result of item analysis one was excepted, The final item count was 50. Categories were as follows: overload work(8 items), lack of specialized knowledge and technique(5 items), ethical dilemma(4 items), role conflict(5 items), interpersonal relationships(6 items), visiting home environment(9 items), driving conditions(4 items) and lack of administrative support(9 items), The reliability of the scale by Cronbach's alpha was .948 and the domain's reliability ranged from .649 to .841. The result of this study could be used to measure the job stress of home care nurses. However, for further validity and reliability, repeated studies will be necessary.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.69-78
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• 2010

Multi-criteria ABC inventory classification is one of the most widely employed techniques for efficient inventory control, and it considers more than one criterion for categorizing inventory items into groups of different importance. Recently, Ramanathan (2006) proposed a weighted linear optimization (WLO) model for the problem of multi-criteria ABC inventory classification. The WLO model generates a set of criteria weights for each item and assigns a normalized score to each item for ABC analysis. Although the WLO model is considered to have many advantages, it has a limitation that many items can share the same optimal efficiency score. This limitation can hinder a precise classification of inventory items. To overcome this deficiency, we propose a context-dependent DEA based method for multi-criteria ABC inventory classification problems. In the proposed model, items are first stratified into several efficiency levels, and then the relative attractiveness of each item is measured with respect to less efficient ones. Based on this attractiveness measure, items can be further discriminated in terms of their importance. By a comparative study between the proposed model and the WLO model, we argue that the proposed model can provide a more reasonable and accurate classification of inventory items.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study is a research on the evaluation about shoulder joint function. Methods : It's based on the reference books. Result : Shoulder joint has the biggest ROM in human body, and it is a joint that stability and mobility are required at the same time sport art. Especially, function of shoulder joint than other what item players of more important overhead item correct diagnosis and evaluation for shoulder joint injury require. Measurement equipment for shoulder joint is helping a lot of incorrect diagnosis and analysis about shoulder joint function of overhead players through a lot of developments. Conclusion : I think a lot of helps torture in motor ability elevation of players and player protection as analysis by special quality in item of overhead players.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.381-393
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• 2007

This study was intended to analyze and investigate a diversity of aesthetic values expressed in the military look of the Milan collections by using content analysis method to find what design characteristic and image emerged concretely in the later 20th century. A total of 334 military look works shown in fashion magazines such as Vogue and Collezioni Donna over the period between 1996 and 2000 were collected as research data, which were classified into 5 categories such as item, silhouette, color, color coordination, fashion image. The results were summarized as follows: first, it was found that coat was the most preferred item in expressing the military look image. Second, it was found that the straight line was the most preferred silhouette, which indicates that it was the most suitable silhouette in expressing the bisexual image of the military look. Third, in the colors of the military look, achromatic colors such as black and white were found to be of the highest frequency, which shows that achromatic colors continued to be proposed as fashionable colors around 1996 and this influence was reflected in the military look. Finally, in terms of the item of color coordination, monochromatic coordination accounted for more than half of the military look, through which it could be explained that designers utilized it greatly to make an effective expression of the masculine image.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.159-165
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• 2008

For deciding the profitability and feasibility of the construction project, the schematic estimation has to not only link the design decision-making but also estimate the cost with reliability. The Object-based schematic estimation system was developed for easily linking with design-making and supports to evaluate the design alternatives in the design development stage but didn't consider the cost estimated by object supplementary and parameter work item. This research presents the Integrated Object-Parameter Schematic Estimation Model in the design development stage that can lead to more accurately estimate the cost through analyzing historical data from the high-storied office buildings. For the development of the proposed model for schematic estimation, after analyzing and classifying the work items from the Bills of Quantities(BOQs) and drawings of historical data, this research proposed the methods of estimating cost in accordance with attributes of each work item using regression analysis. In addition, a case study is performed for the effectiveness as comparing the proposed model with the previous estimating model.