• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety Conference
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• 1992.07a
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• pp.33-45
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• 1992

The sanitation inspection is the most frequently used procedure to protect foods prepared in foodservice establishments. In order to enhance foodservioe inspections and to improve post-inspection remedial measures, more practical evaluation methods for sanitation are required. The HACCP approach is based upon factors which contribute to foodborne disease rather than on factors which relate to aesthetics. Contributing factors for foodborne disease from foodservice establishments reported in USA, Canada, and England were analyzed to identify potential hazards during practical foodservioe operations. Hazards were classified at critical control points by risk ranking. Twenty-two observable practical indicators relating to each contributing factor were selected and adjusted to standardized procedures and hazard determiners at critical contral points. The weights for each inspection item were ranked as 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 according to the risk level of contributing factors. And also application for the inspection item in different 6 types of work procedures was suggested for the use of specialized foodservice establishment and cafeteria, and of manager's self inspection in each establishment.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.829-842
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to design a reliable and valid Likert-type scale to measure nuclear energy attitudes of various groups. 8 tests were applied to the construction of a 26-item long form, a 12-item middle form, and a 6-item short form of the scale. Three scales were field tested on 760 respondents representing a diverse range of subjects. The 26-item scale appeared to be reliable, content valid and construct valid. Scale reliability and homogeneity were evidenced by 0.95 coefficient alpha and positive interitem correlations ranging from 0.18 to 0.74. The results of factor analysis and known-groups comparison revealed that this scale had high validity. Reliability of the middle form and short form were evidenced by coefficient alpha of 0.92 and 0.90 respectively. The long and middle forms were strongly correlated, r-value of 0.98 and the long and short forms were also highly correlated, r-value of 0.93. Consequently, long form, middle form and short form scales were evidenced very reliable and valid in measuring nuclear energy attitudes of various groups in general. They can be used for a variety of purpose of measuring and testing nuclear energy attitude.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.201-209
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• 1997

The objective of this study were 1) to review concepts of user information satisfaction (UIS), 2) to analyze tools for measuring user information satisfaction, 3) to identify factors affecting information satisfaction. The study was carried out by the analysis of literatures related to information system. The construct of UIS has been operationalized in many different ways. Several studies employed single-item rating scales; such scales have been criticized as unreliable. Single-item scales also provide little information as to what the user finds dissatisfying(satisfying) and are thus of limited utility outside a research setting. Multiple-item UIS measures have become increasingly common. Generally, they are of two types. The first focuses on the information system product. With such diverse names as "system acceptance", "output quality", and "appreciation", these scales focus on the content of the information system and the manner in which the information is presented. The second type of multiple-item scale includes the organizational support for developing and maintaining the system as well as the system product itself. This type of instrument contains items concerned with training, documentation, development procedures, systems maintenance, etc., as well as items related to system content. Thus it provides an indicator of the overall quality of information services provided by an information service function. Generally, UIS measures have not been carefully validated. Recently, however, several rigorous attempts have been made to develop valid and reliable UIS measure.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2012

Purpose : The aim of this study was from data collection to item development in the first study before developing a valid and reliable instrument reflecting Korean's own language expression and culture. Methods : The fist survey was 140 osteoarthritis(OA) patients in 2 Cites was studied from November to December 2009. Open-ended questionnaire was decided 39 items from the first open survey. Questionnaire on the Korean Osteoarthritis Impact Measurement Scale(KAIMS) was recruited 2 professors and 5 physical therapists. Second survey was applied to 133 OA patients. Results : OA patients's average age${\pm}$standard deviation was $66.08{\pm}11.10$ years. The internal consistency reliability of 3 items. As estimated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient(${\alpha}$), was high(range, 0.86~0.96). 0.43~0.91 ${\alpha}$ coefficient for the internal consistency reliability of item-each scale was also high. However, item-discriminant validity on 3 items was low(${\alpha}$, 0.92~0.97). The construct validity by factor analysis was a little low. Conclusion : This study revealed that we confirmed a generation for 39 items on KAIMS reflecting Korean's own language expression and culture. Also, those of reliability were a little high. And, we will have to study the last instrument development (3rd study) by more subjects in the future.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.333-340
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to restandardize the Child Development Review (CDR) which was developed by Dr. Ireton and based on Child Development Inventory (CDI). Method: The participants were 1143 children who were aged 12months to 6.3years old and parents. They were the sample for standardization study of CDI. The age level assigned to each item of Korean version of CDI were assessed. The reliability and validity was analyzed by reliability coefficient and concurrent validity analysis. Result: The item set was revised by the age level of each item at which at least 75 percent of parents answered YES to the statement. The child development chart was composed of 100 item which include social, self-help, gross motor, fine motor, and language sector. The internal consistency coefficient of the instrument was .93. The concurrent validity with Korean Denver II was good. Conclusions: The Korean version of CDR showed good reliability and validity. It could be utilized for developmental screening at pediatric clinic and child care center.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.531-541
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• 2016

Cerebral atrophy affects the brain and is a common feature of patients with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's diseases. It is evaluated by the radiologist or reader based on patient's history, age and the space between the brain and the skull as indicated by magnetic resonance (MR) images. A total of 70 patients were scanned in the supine and prone positions before three radiologist assessed their atrophy level. This study examined the radiologist's assessment of the cerebral atrophy level using a graded response model of item response theory (IRT). A graded response model (GRM) is fitted to our data and then item-fit and person-fit statistics are evaluated to assess the fitted model. Our analysis found that the cerebral atrophy level is better discriminated by readers in the prone position because all item slopes were greater than 2 at this position, versus the supine position where all the slope parameters were less than 1. However, the thresholds are very similar for the first reader and are quite different for the second and third readers because the scanning position affects readers differently as the category threshold estimates vary considerably between the readers..

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.135-146
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• 1997

This paper describes fault diagnosis method in complex system with hierachical structure similar to human body structure. Complex system is divided into unit, item and component. For diagnosing this hierarchical complex system, it is necessary to implement special neural network. Fault diagnosis system can forecast faults in a system and decide from current machine state signal information. Comparing with other diagnosis system for single fault, the developed system deals with multiple fault diagnosis comprising Hierarchical Neural Network(HNN). HNN consists of four level neural network, first level for item fault symptom classification, second level for item fault diagnosis, third level for component symptom classification, forth level for component fault diagnosis. UNIX IPC(Inter Process Communication) is used for implementing HNN wiht multitasking and message transfer between processes in SUN workstation with X-Windows(Motif). We tested HNN at four units, seven items per unit, seven components per item in a complex system. Each one neural newtork operate as a separate process in HNN. The message queue take charge of information exdhange and cooperation between each neural network.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.135-149
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• 2003

This study aimed to develop an observation scale for assessing the quality of day care programs and to examine reliability and validity of the scale. Instruments included 3 self-assessment scales, the Evaluation Scale for Early Childhood Programs and an observation scale completed by 8 trained observers in 89 day care sites. Item analysis indicated that most items were acceptable in terms of item discrimination and item response distribution. Cronbach ${\alpha}^{\prime}s$ and inter-observer reliability were relatively high. Validity of the scale was evidenced by correlations between the observation scale and the criterion measure and inter-correlations among sub-areas of the observation scale. Scores on the observation scale were validated by quality ratings from self-assessment scores.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to assess risk indicators of depressive symptoms such as demographic, socio-economical domains (age, gender, marital status, education, child, religion, income, health, friendship) and personality domains (neurotic personality, self-esteem and life goal attitude) of community dwelling elderly persons. A total of 300 community-residing elderly participants aged 65+ in a metropolitan city in Korea, were recruited for this interview survey. The interview covered demographic and socio-economic characteristics, and administration of the 20-item Korean Version of CES-D, the 10-item Self-esteem, the 19-item Neuroticism and the 10-itm Goal Instability scale. The prevalence of significant depressive symptoms (CES-D scale >= 21) was 31%. Logistic regression analysis showed high risk for depression was associated with high neuroticism, less intimate friendship, high goa1 instability, and childlessness, respectively in the order of significance. Factors in the personality domains were more strongly associated with depressive symptoms than factors in the socio- economical domains. Both cultural and universal meaning of the findings was discussed with regard to intervention.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.5-11
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• 1984

The main purpose of this study were; to determine the reliability and validity of evaluation tool administered to the nursing student in nursing management practice,；to identify the effective evaluation method of nursing student in nursing management practice. The subjects were 46 senior nursing students at Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Seoul National University in 1983. The evaluation tool was analyzed according to evaluation method; self-evaluation. and head nurse evaluation. Also individual item of evaluation tool was analyzed by item analysis in order to determine the evaluation area, and appropriateness of the test item used. A Summary of the results is as follows; 1. The reliability and validity of evaluation tool were relatively high both in self-evaluation and head nurse evaluation. 2. In comparison of mean scores, there is no significant difference between head nurse evaluation and self-evaluation. 3. The nursing management activities which have the correlation of self-evaluation and head nurse evaluation were in the activity of interpersonal relation, independent activity and implementing nursing process. In general nursing practice and unit management activity, there was no correlation of self-evaluation and head nurse evaluation.