• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2014

Nefopam (NFP) is a non-opioid, non-steroidal, centrally acting analgesic drug that is derivative of the nonsedative benzoxazocine, developed and known in 1960s as fenazocine. Although the mechanisms of analgesic action of NFP are not well understood, they are similar to those of triple neurotransmitter (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine) reuptake inhibitors and anticonvulsants. It has been used mainly as an analgesic drug for nociceptive pain, as well as a treatment for the prevention of postoperative shivering and hiccups. Based on NFP's mechanisms of analgesic action, it is more suitable for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Intravenous administration of NFP should be given in single doses of 20 mg slowly over 15-20 min or with continuous infusion of 60-120 mg/d to minimize adverse effects, such as nausea, cold sweating, dizziness, tachycardia, or drowsiness. The usual dose of oral administration is three to six times per day totaling 90-180 mg. The ceiling effect of its analgesia is uncertain depending on the mechanism of pain relief. In conclusion, the recently discovered dual analgesic mechanisms of action, namely, a) descending pain modulation by triple neurotransmitter reuptake inhibition similar to antidepressants, and b) inhibition of long-term potentiation mediated by NMDA from the inhibition of calcium influx like gabapentinoid anticonvulsants or blockade of voltage-sensitive sodium channels like carbamazepine, enable NFP to be used as a therapeutic agent to treat neuropathic pain.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 2021

Background: Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai (ASN) has been reported to have analgesic effects. In this study an animal model of pharmacopuncture using ASN (100-500 mg/kg) was examined. Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 40) were randomly assigned to ASN-Low (1 mg/mL, 1.8 mL, ASN-L), ASN-Intermediate (5 mg/mL, 1.8 mL, ASN-M), ASN-High (10 mg/mL, 1.8 mL, ASN-H), negative control (0.2 mL normal saline), and positive control (0.2 mL 0.5% lidocaine) groups. All experiments were administered to the rats' left hind leg. The analgesic response was assessed by monitoring the physical (hot plate, and von Frey test) and chemical (formalin) responses to pain. Results: All ASN pharmacopuncture groups demonstrated significant differences in pain response to the hot plate test, von Frey test, and formalin test, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The response of the ASN-M group and ASN-H groups to the hot plate, the formalin, and the von Frey tests were significantly different, compared to the lidocaine group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: ASN pharmacopuncture had a significant analgesic effect on SD rats in response to physical and chemical models of pain.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.60-63
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• 1983

Two prescriptions of 'Ssanghwa-Tang', Korean traditional medicine, and their individual crude drugs were studied on the analgesic and the anticonvulsionary effects. Two prescriptions showed very significant analgesic effects and the prescription B was more effective. Individual crude drugs had decreasing effects on the convulsion-start-time, but two prescriptions did not show significant activities.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2006

The analgesic and the antipyretic activity of the methanol, chloroform, hexane and acetonitrile extracts of the aerial parts of Stachys schimperi Vatke were investigated in mice. The nociceptive response was tested using acetic acid-induced writhing and tail flick method; while hypothermia affect was examined via yeast-induced fever test. The chloroform extract at 500 mg and hexane and acetonitrile extracts at 250 mg produced significant analgesic and antipyretic activity.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.410.2-411
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• 2002

Ketoprofen (KP), a potent analgesic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has some disadvantages such as gastro-intestinal irritation. short half-life (1.5-4 hour) in plasma and low solubility in aqueous solution. In order to minimize these disadvantages. we have recently prepared a KP prodrug, KP-polyethylene glycol conjugate (KPEG750, PEG Mw=750), and investigated its pharmacokinetic behavior. anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. (omitted)

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.338-341
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• 1997

Six substituted phenacyl derivatives of 4-hydroxypiperidine were prepared and their structures were confirmed through spectroscopic techniques. These newly synthesized derivatives were also screened for analgesic activity by chemical and thermal methods. Only halogenated phenacyl derivatives demonstrated more or less protection against acetic acid induced writhing in mice where as rest of three derivatives were found inactive when screened by this chemical method. Similarly all the six derivatives were proved inactive by tail flick test.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.146.2-147
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• 2003

Lonicera japonica is widely distributed in Southeast Asia and has been traditionally used as an anti - inflammatory, diuretic, abscessic, antipyretic, and antidotic agent. Lonicera japonica was investigated for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects using several in vivo models. SKLJI was purified for i.v. injection from Lonicera japonica as a potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic fraction, after activity-guided fractionation study. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 1992

The analgesic, anticonvulsant and anti-inflammatory actives of leaves of Hedera rhombea Bean were evaluated. The methanol and butanol fractions showed considerable analgesic activity, but no anticonvulsant activities. Anti-inflammatory activity was found in the methanol, butanol and ether fractions by carrageenin induced edema test.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 2000

In this study we fed control diet and tryptophan supplemented diets containing 0.1,0.2,0.35% tryptophan to ICR mice for 1∼3 weeks to investigate the effects of tryptophan supplemented diet on pain sensitivity and the analgesic mechanism of serotonin. Animals fed tryptophan supplemented diets displayed increased antinociception when measured with hot plate and phenylquinone-writhing tests. And animals with typtophan supplemented diet had higher brain serotonin and 5-HIAA concentration than the control animals.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.9 no.3_4
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• pp.31-33
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• 1965

In the previous papers, it was reported that p-methoxycinnamate showed good antipyretic action when tested on the typhoid-vaccinated rabbits and decreased the ascorbic acid content of the adrenals of rats like other wellknown antipyretics. In the present work, it was shown that p-methoxycinnamic acid exhibited marked analgesic properties. The method employed for testing analgesic effect was modification of that described by Woolfe and Macdonald. Of mice which had been trained and jumped out within 5 seconds on the hot plate of $59{\deg}$, the reaction time was prolonged by subcutaneous injection of its sodium salt aqueous solution. Mean responses were proved to increase linearly with the log doses (from doses 160 mg to 500 mg/kg).