• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.656-662
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• 2005

Ginger (Zingiber of oficinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) is one of the most frequently and heavily consumed dietary condiments throughout the world. Besides its extensive use as a spice, the rhizome of ginger has also been used in traditional oriental herbal medicine for the management of symptoms such as common cold, digestive disorders, rheumatism, neurologia, colic, and motion-sickness. The oleoresin from rhizomes of ginger contains [6] -gingerol (1- [4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl]-5-hydroxy-3-decanone) and its homologs as pungent ingredients that have been found to possess many interesting pharmacological and physiological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antiheatotoxic, and cardiotonic effects. However, the effect of [6]-gingerol on cell proliferation in breast cancer cell are not currently well known. Therefore, in this study, we examined effect of [6]-gingerol on protein and mRNA expression associated with cell proliferation in MDA-MB-231 human breast. cancer cell lines. We cultured MDA-MB-231 cells in presence of 0, 2.5, 5 and $10{\mu}M$ of [6] -gingerol. [6]-Gingerol inhibited breast cancer cell growth in a dose-depenent manner as determined by MTT assay. ErbB2 and ErbB3 protein and mRNA expression were decreased dose-dependently in cells treated with [6]-gingerol (p<0.05). In addition, phosphorylated Akt levels and total hぉ levels were markedly decreased in cells treated with $2.5{\mu}M$ [6]-gingerol (p<0.05). In conclusion, we have shown that [6]-gingerol inhibits cell proliferation through ErbB2 and ErbB3, reduction in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2017

Objective : Postoperative pain is one of the major complaints of patients after lumbar fusion surgery. The authors evaluated the effects of intravenous patient controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) using fentanyl or sufentanil on postoperative pain management and pain-related complications. Methods : Forty-two patients that had undergone surgery with lumbar instrumentation and fusion at single or double levels constituted the study cohort. Patients were equally and randomly allocated to a sufentanil group (group S) or a fentanyl group (group F) for patient controlled analgesia (PCA). Group S received sufentanil at a dose of $4{\mu}g/kg$ IV-PCA and group F received fentanyl $24{\mu}g/kg$ IV-PCA. A numeric rating scale (NRS) of postoperative pain was applied before surgery, and immediately and at 1, 6, and 24 hours (hrs) after surgery. Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores were obtained before surgery and one month after surgery. Opioid-related side effects were also evaluated. Results : No significant intergroup difference was observed in NRS or ODI scores at any of the above-mentioned time points. Side effects were more frequent in group F. More specifically, nausea, vomiting rates were significantly higher (p=0.04), but pruritus, hypotension, and headache rates were non-significantly different in the two groups. Conclusion : Sufentanil displayed no analgesic advantage over fentanyl postoperatively. However, sufentanil should be considerable for patients at high risk of GI issues, because it had lower postoperative nausea and vomiting rates than fentanyl.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.949-953
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• 2001

감은 과일로 식용필 뿐만 아니라 민간약으로 종기나 염증질환, 치칠에 곶감을 이겨 붙였고 부스럼이나 화상에는 불에 말린 감을 바르면 통증을 멎게 하고 새살을 돋게 하는 효능이 있고 고혈압을 예방하고 동맥경화에 효과가 있는 성분이 있다고 알려져 있다. 사람의 plasma에서 thrombin time(TT)을 사용한 항응고활성을 측정하면서감속, 감잎, 감꼭지에서 높은 농도로 , 감과육과 감껍질에도 농도는 약간 낮지만 항응고활성이 발견되었다. 감과육의 항응고활성을 계절과 품종별로 측정시 부유의 경우는 11월 수확한 것이 가장 높고 저장이 길어지면서 급격한 감소를 보이고 있다. 갑주백목은 부유와 유사하고 청도반시. 서촌조생은 다소활성이 낮았다. 감을 이용한 가공식품의 경우 생과실에 비해 항응고활성이 56~260배정도로 크게 저하되어 있었다. 이는 감과육에 존재하는 항응고활성을 저해하는 인자에 의한 영향이 생각되고 가공식품제고시 항응고활성을 저해하는 이자를 초기에 제거하거나 불활성화시키는 작업이 필요한 것으로 보인다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency with which nursing interventions according to domains and classes, and core nursing interventions of the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) were performed by nurses on orthopedic surgery nursing units. Method: For this purpose, the third edition of NIC was used. Of the 486 nursing interventions, 424 were selected at 75% consent by experts. Data were collected from June, 2003 to July, 2003 5 hospitals and 69 nurses(return rate : 95.8%) in Gwang-ju and Chonnam region. 5 point Likert scale describing frequency was used. Results: The most frequently performed domain was 'physiological : basic'($2.97{\pm}.60$), followed by 'health system'($2.65{\pm}.65$) and 'physiological : complex'($2.55{\pm}.46$). The most frequently performed class was 'activity and exercise management'($3.82{\pm}.89$), followed by 'immobility management'($3.64{\pm}.62$), 'skin/wound management'($3.41 {\pm}.60$), 'physical comfort promotion'($3.23{\pm}.68$) and 'thermoregulation'($3.01{\pm}.91$). The most frequently performed nursing intervention was 'medication administration' ($4.96{\pm}.21$), followed by 'medication administration : intravenous'($4.93{\pm}.31$), 'analgesic administration'($4.91{\pm}.51$), 'pain management'($4.87{\pm}.34$) and 'medication administration : intramuscular'($4.78{\pm}.68$). Conclusion: In conclusion, the third edition of NIC was found to be a general and comprehensive classification system for application on orthopedic surgery nursing units. These findings will help in building of a standardized language for orthopedic surgery nursing units and enhance the quality of nursing care.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.165-172
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• 1999

In the present work , the transport mechanism of a capsaicin derivative, DA-5018, through blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been investigated to evaluate the feasibility of potential drug development. The result of pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from the intravenous injection of plasma volume marker,$[3^H]RSA$ and $[{14}^C]DA-5018$, indicated that both AUC, area under the plasma concentration curve and VD, volume of distribution in brain of $[3^H]RSA$ agreed with those reported ($1620{\pm}10 $percentage injected dose minute per milliliter (%IDmin/ml) and $12.0{\pm}0.1{\mu}l/g$, respectively). Elimination half-life and AUC of $[{14}^C]DA-5018$is corrected by the PHLC analysis, 19.6$\pm$1.2 min and 7.69$\pm$0.85% IDmin/ml, respectively. The metabolic rate of $[{14}^C]DA-5018$was very rapid. The blood-brain barrier permeability surface area (PS) product of $[{14}^C]DA-5018$ was calculated to be 0.24$\pm$0.05 $\mu$l/min/g. The result of internal carotid artery perfusion and capillary depletion suggested that [14C]DA-5018 pass through BBB with the time increasingly. Investigation of transport mechanism of $[{14}^C]DA-5018$ using agonist and antagonist suggested that vanilloid (capsaicin) receptor did not exist in the BBB, and nutrient carrier system in the BBB has no effect on the transport of DA-5018. In conclusion, despite the fact that penetration of DA-5018 through BBB is significant, the intact drug found in the brain tissue is small because of a rapid metabolism. Therefore, for the central analgesic effect of DA-5018, the method to increase the metabolic stability in plasma and the brain permeability should be considered.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.455-466
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a structured preoperative PCA education on the knowledge and attitude regarding PCA usage, level of pain, and the consumption of analgesics after operation for colorectal surgery patients. Methods: This study was conducted from 18 Feb to 2 May, 2008. Participants were 80 colorectal cancer patients who would use the IV-PCA after colorectal surgery in a cancer hospital in Gyeonggi-do, Korea. Two groups, experimental and control were consisted of 40 patients each. The 20-minute structured education regarding PCA usage was applied to each patient individually in the experimental group but only the routine anesthetic consultation was given to each patient in the control group the day before the surgery. The SPSS/PC 10.0 program was introduced to analyze the collected data on frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, $x^2$-test, t-test and paired t-test. Results: The experimental group with the structured preoperative PCA education showed higher knowledge and more positive attitudes regarding the PCA usage than the control group. Also the experimental group showed better pain control and lower consumption of analgesics at 4, 8 and 24 hours after than the control group. Conclusion: The structured preoperative PCA education is an effective nursing intervention for improving the knowledge and attitude of the colorectal surgery patients on the PCA usage, and enabling the patient to take the analgesic more effectively with lower consumption, while reducing the patients' pain after operation.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.479-486
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• 2021

Background: Prior studies have reported that 40%-90% of the patients with celiac plexus-mediated visceral pain benefit from the neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB), but the predictive factors of response to NCPB have not been evaluated extensively. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the immediate analgesic effectiveness of NCPB in patients with intractable upper abdominal cancer-related pain. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 513 patients who underwent NCPB for upper abdominal cancer-related pain. Response to the procedure was defined as (1) a decrease of ≥ 50% or ≥ 4 points on the numerical rating scale (NRS) in pain intensity from the baseline without an increase in opioid requirement, or (2) a decrease of ≥ 30% or ≥ 2 points on the NRS from the baseline with simultaneously reduced opioid consumption after NCPB. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with successful responses to NCPB. Results: Among the 513 patients included in the analysis, 255 (49.8%) and 258 (50.2%) patients were in the non-responder and responder group after NCPB, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 0.644, P = 0.035), history of upper abdominal surgery (OR = 0.691, P = 0.040), and celiac metastasis (OR = 1.496, P = 0.039) were the independent factors associated with response to NCPB. Conclusions: Celiac plexus metastases, absence of diabetes, and absence of prior upper abdominal surgery may be independently associated with better response to NCPB for upper abdominal cancer-related pain.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.160-167
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• 2019

Background: Pain is a complex mechanism which involves different systems, including the opioidergic and GABAergic systems. Due to the side effects of chemical analgesic agents, attention toward natural agents have been increased. Artemisinin is an herbal compound with widespread modern and traditional therapeutic indications, which its interaction with the GABAergic system and antinoniceptive effects on neuropathic pain have shown. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of artemisinin during inflammatory pain and interaction with the GABAergic and opioidergic systems by using a writhing response test. Methods: On the whole, 198 adult male albino mice were used in 4 experiments, including 9 groups (n = 6) each with three replicates, by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of artemisinin (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg), naloxone (2 mg/kg), bicuculline (2 mg/kg), saclofen (2 mg/kg), indomethacin (5 mg/kg), and ethanol (10 mL/kg). Writhing test responses were induced by i.p. injection of 10 mL/kg of 0.6% acetic acid, and the percentage of writhing inhibition was recorded. Results: Results showed significant dose dependent anti-nociceptive effects from artemisinin which, at a 10 mg/kg dose, was statistically similar to indomethacin. Neither saclofen nor naloxone had antinociceptive effects and did not antagonize antinociceptive effects of artemisinin, whereas bicuculline significantly inhibited the antinocicptive effect of artemisinin. Conclusions: It seems that antinocicptive effects of artemisinin are mediated by $GABA_A$ receptors.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.206-214
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• 2019

Background: Although case reports have suggested that the erector spinae plane block (ESPB) may help analgesia for patients after breast surgery, no study to date has assessed its effectiveness. This retrospective observational study analyzed the analgesic effects of the ESPB after total mastectomy. Methods: Forty-eight patients were divided into an ESPB group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 28). Twenty patients in the control group were selected by their propensity score matching the twenty patients in the ESPB group. Patients in the ESPB group were injected with 30 mL 0.375% ropivacaine, followed by catheter insertion for further injections of local anesthetics every 12 hours. Primarily, total fentanyl consumption was compared between the two groups during the first 24 hours postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included pain intensity levels (visual analogue scale) and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Results: Median cumulative fentanyl consumption during the first 24 hours was significantly lower in the ESPB ($33.0{\mu}g$; interquartile range [IQR], $27.0-69.5{\mu}g$) than in the control group ($92.8{\mu}g$; IQR, $40.0-155.0{\mu}g$) (P = 0.004). Pain level in the early postoperative stage (<3 hr) and incidence of PONV (0% vs. 55%) were also significantly lower in the ESPB group compared to the control (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Intermittent ESPB after total mastectomy reduces fentanyl consumption and early postoperative pain. ESPB is a good option for multimodal analgesia after breast surgery.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2019

Introduction: Mastalgia is the most common benign breast disorder during the fertility period of women. So far a wide range of natural or complementary medicines is used to cure mastalgia. Sanitary organizations need complete and suitable details to help women, for making the proper decision for alternative treatment based on the evidence. The aim of the present study is to introduce medicinal plant-based treatments about mastalgia and summarizes clinical trials about this disorder. Method: The articles were provided using mixture of keywords including cyclic pain, breast, treatment, therapeutics, therapy, clinical trial, herbal, drug, mastalgia and all the probable terms, in national and international databases SID, Iran Medex, Magiran, PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Science direct and Cochrane library, in both Persian and English languages. All cross-sectional and review articles about herbal treatment of mastalgia until 2018 November were studied. Results: Nineteen articles from all of the available articles (45 cases) and a sample size about of (1987 cases) were included in our study. The articles were clinical trials. The results revealed that mastalgia could be healed by Nigella sativa, Vitex agnus-castus, curcumin, Hypericum perforatum, Citrus sinensis, wheat germ, and Ginkgo biloba. Conclusion: Most of the evaluated medicinal plants possessing antioxidant compounds with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, exhibited healing effects in the treatment of mastalgia. Thus, medicinal plants can be considered in the treatment of mastalgia; however, further investigations are needed to obtain more details about their probable side effects.