• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 2015

It is commonly known that upper class house in Chosun Dynasty has characteristics of connecting space in combination with 'Chae' and 'Madang'. But living territory of traditional residence is connected each other by means of the necessity of dwelling life. So, it can be a fragmentary understanding about traditional houses to consider it as connecting space only from the viewpoint of visual perception. Residential space in later Chosun Dynasty is affected by practical life-style rather than building principle of 'Confucianism' due to the erosion of the caste system and the spread of the modern residential culture. So, it is necessary to consider dwelling life at that time in order to understand spatial characteristics of the residences. Researcher made an assumption that these characteristics were observed in the emerging upper class houses which appear in the process of change of the caste system rather than the traditional upper class houses. The researcher investigated connecting space from 'Bakat-ma-dang' to An-ma-dang of the emerging upper class houses in Gyong-gi province. The goal of this study is to find the properties of connecting space related to dwelling life of the emerging upper class houses in Gyong-gi Province. With this study, the followings are the characteristics of connecting space in emerging upper class houses in later Chosun Dynasty. First, 'An-ma-dang(Courtyard)' comes into close contact with 'Bakat-chae(Outer quarters)' which accommodate the complex functions, 'An-ma-dang' plays an mediating role between 'An-chae' and 'Bakat-chae' Second, 'Bakat-chae' generally encases 'An-ma-dang' which is central territories of dwelling life, and the men's area of 'Bakat-chae' considerably has opening space towards the outside. Third, 'Anmadang' plays an mediating role of male's and female's living territory, and it plays an important role in connecting space where labor forces are concentrated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.96-108
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• 2009

This study is made on the royal lady's dress In late Joseon dynasty according to the King Heon-jong and Lady Kyung-bin's Wedding Diary in the year of Jung-mi(1847) and summarised as follows: Girls' full dress was a set of a red skirt, a violet undo. jacket, and a light yellow jacket and a green Gyeon-ma-gi(a kind of top jacket) with he. hair Saeng-meo-ri hanging Do-tu-rak-daeng-gi(a kind of hair ribbon). At the big ceremony, girls wore a green Dang-ui instead of Gyeon-ma-gi. A girl picked up as a royal concubine wore a green Won-sam, which was decorated with gilt letters meaning longevity, patched emblems of gilt letter meaning longevity on the breast and on the back, belted with Bong-dae(a red sash with gilt phoenexes), like a princess's full dress. At the Kyung-bin's installation of Crown Princess and her first greeting ceremony with royal elders, she wore a green Won-sam as a formal dress, which had an embroidered emblem of phoenix, the belt with crystal ornaments, Pae-ok(佩玉), Kyu(圭) of blue jade, Shou(綬) with an phoenix. At a Dong-wrae-yun(drinking ceremony after bride and bridegroom's bowing to each other), she wore the embroidered red Jang-sam as a formal dress. Kyung-bin wore a purple Won-sam with Bong-dae as a full dress for a royal feast. According to the occasions, the same dress was differentiated with ornaments and rotors. Ji-keum-bal was an attire for ordinary ceremony. The attire was equipped with a woven gold green Dang-ui with an emblem of phoenix, a blue gilt underskirt and a red gilt overskirt. No-ui was worn as outdoor clothes. Jang-sam was worn by various classes, so it was differentiated with materials and names according to her class.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.21-28
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to find Korean tradition of residential space which continues since 1960s. Analysis of house works of contemporary architects on the foundation spatial characteristics of Korean. Traditional residence show that the trend and methods of embodiment of tradition in present architecture. The result of analysis could be summarized as follows. First, most of contemporary architects separate a house into two Chae-An Chae and Sa Rang Chae. Second, spatial flows in contemporary house works are very active through transition spaces just as traditional residence. Third, positive An Ma Dang takes on introversion, extroversion and continuity of space and also plays an important role in a house.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.513-545
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• 2000

I. Introduction Bi(痺) means blocking. It can reach at the joints or muscles or whole body and make pains. Numbness and movement disorders. BiJeung can be devided into SilBi and HeoBi. In SilBi there are PungHanSeupBi, YeolBi and WanBi. In HeoBi, there are GiHyeolHeoBi, EumHeoBi and YangHeoBi. The common principle for the treatment of BiJeung is devision of the chronic stage and the acute stage. In the acute stage, BiJeung is usually cured easily but in the chronic stage, it is difficult. In the terminal stage, BiJeung can reach at the internal organs. BiJeung is one kind of symptoms making muscles, bones and jonts feel pain, numbness or edema. For example it can be gout or SLE etc. Many famous doctors studied medical science by their fathers or teachers. So the history of medical science is long. So I studied ${\ll}Bijeungjujip{\gg}$. II. Final Decision 1. BanSuMun(斑秀文) thought that BiJeung can be cured by blocking of blood stream. So he insisted that the important thing to cure BiJeung is to improve the blood stream. He usually used DangGuiSaYeokTang(當歸四逆湯), DangGuiJakYakSanHapORyeongSan, DoHong-SaMulTang(桃紅四物湯), SaMyoSanHapHeuiDongTang and HwangGiGyeJiOMulTang. 2. JangGeonBu(張健夫) focused on soothing muscles and improving blood seam. So he used many herbs like WiRyeongSeon(威靈仙), GangHwal(羌活), DokHwal(獨活), WooSeul(牛膝), etc. Especially he pasted wastes of the boiled herbs. 3. OSeongNong(吳聖農) introduced four rules to treat arthritis. So he usually used SeoGak-SanGaGam(犀角散加減), BoYanHwanOTang(補陽還五湯), ODuTang(烏頭湯), HwangGiGyeJiOMulTang. 4. GongJiSin thought disk hernia as one kind of BiJeung. And he said that Pung can hurt upper limbs and Seup can hurt lower limbs. He used to use GyeJiJakYakJiMoTang(桂枝芍藥知母湯). 5. LoJiJeong(路志正) introduced four principles to treat BiJeung. He used BangPungTang(防風湯), DaeJinGuTang) for PungBi(風痺), OPaeTang(烏貝湯) for HanBi(寒痺), YukGunJaTang(六君子湯) for SeupBi(濕痺) and SaMyoTang(四妙湯), SeonBiTang(宣痺湯), BaekHoGaGyeTang(白虎加桂湯) for YeolBi(熱痺). 6. GangChunHwa(姜春華) discussed herbs. He said SaengJiHwang(生地黃) is effective for PungSeupBi and WiRyungSun(威靈仙) is effective for the joints pain. He usually used SipJeonDaeBoTang(十全大補湯), DangGuiDaeBoTang(當歸大補湯), YoukGunJaTang(六君子湯) and YukMiJiHwanTang(六味地黃湯). 7. DongGeonHwa(董建華) said that the most important thing to treat BiJeung is how to use herbs. He usually used CheonO(川烏), MaHwang(麻黃) for HanBi, SeoGak(犀角) for YeolBi, BiHae) or JamSa(蠶沙) for SeupBi, SukJiHwang(熟地黃) or Vertebrae of Pigs for improving the function of kidney and liver, deer horn or DuChung(杜沖) for improving strength of body and HwangGi(黃?) or OGaPi(五加皮) for improving the function of heart. 8. YiSuSan(李壽山) devided BiJeung into two types(PungHanSeupBi, PungYeolSeupBi). And he used GyeJiJakYakJiMoTang(桂枝芍藥知母湯) for the treatment of gout. And he liked to use HwanGiGyeJiOMulTangHapSinGiHwan 枝五物湯合腎氣丸) for the treat ment of WanBi(頑痺). 9. AnDukHyeong(顔德馨) made YongMaJeongTongDan(龍馬定痛丹)-(MaJeonJa(馬錢子) 30g, JiJaChung 3g, JiRyong(地龍) 3g, JeonGal(全蝎) 3g, JuSa(朱砂) 0.3g) 10. JangBaekYou(張伯臾) devided BiJeung into YeolBi and HanBi. And he focused on improving blood stream. 11. JinMuO(陳茂梧) introduced anti-wind and dampness prescription(HoJangGeun(虎杖根) 15g, CheonChoGeun 15g, SangGiSaeng(桑寄生) 15g, JamSa(蠶絲) 15g, JeMaJeonJa(制馬錢子) 3g). 12. YiChongBo(李總甫) explained basic prescriptions to treat BiJeung. He used SinJeongChuBiEum(新定推痺陰) for HaengBi(行痺), SinJeongHwaBiSan(新定化痺散) for TongBi(痛痺), SinJeongGaeBiTang(新定開痺湯) for ChakBi(着痺), SinJeongCheongBiEum(新定淸痺飮) for SeupYeolBi(濕熱痺), SinRyeokTang(腎瀝湯) for PoBi(胞痺), ORyeongSan for BuBi(腑痺), OBiTang(五痺湯) for JangBi(臟痺), SinChakTang(腎着湯) for SingChakByeong(腎着病). 13. HwangJeonGeuk(黃傳克) used SaMu1SaDeungHapJe(四物四藤合制) for the treatment of a acute arthritis, PalJinHpPalDeungTang(八珍合八藤湯) or BuGyeJiHwangTangHapTaDeungTang(附桂地黃湯合四藤湯) for the chronic stage and ByeolGapJeungAekTongRakEum(鱉甲增液通絡飮) for EumHeo(陰虛) 14. GaYeo(柯與參) used HwalRakJiTongTang(活絡止痛湯) for shoulder ache, SoJongJinTongHwalRakTank(消腫鎭痛活絡湯) for YeolBi(熱痺), LiGwanJeolTang(利關節湯) for ChakBi(着痺), SinBiTang(腎痺湯) for SinBi(腎痺) and SamGyoBoSinHwan(三膠補腎丸) for back ache. 15. JangGilJin(蔣길塵) liked to use hot-character herbs and insects. And he used SeoGeunLipAnTang(舒筋立安湯) as basic prescription. 16. RyuJangGeol(留章杰) used GuMiGangHwalTang(九味羌活湯) and BangPungTang(防風湯) at the acute stage, ODuTang(烏頭湯) or GyeJiJakYakJiMoTang(桂枝芍藥知母湯) for HanBi of internal organs, YangHwaHaeEungTang(陽和解凝湯) for HanBi, DokHwalGiSaengTang(獨活寄生湯), EuiYiInTang(薏苡仁湯) for SeupBi, YukGunJaTang(六君子湯) for GiHeoBi(氣虛痺) and SeongYouTang(聖兪湯) for HyeolHeoBi(血虛痺). 17. YangYuHak(楊有鶴) liked to use SoGyeongHwalHyelTang(疏經活血湯) and he would rather use DoIn(桃仁), HongHwa(紅花), DangGui(當歸), CheonGung(川芎) than insects. 18. SaHongDo(史鴻濤) made RyuPungSeupTang(類風濕湯)-((HwangGi 200g, JinGu 20g, BangGi(防己) 15g, HongHwa(紅花) 15g, DoIn(桃仁) 15g, CheongPungDeung(靑風藤) 20g, JiRyong(地龍) 15g, GyeJi(桂枝) 15g, WoSeul(牛膝) 15g, CheonSanGap(穿山甲) 15g, BaekJi(白芷) 15g, BaekSeonPi(白鮮皮) 15g, GamCho(甘草) 15g).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.35
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• pp.67-89
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• 1997

During thousands of years the people of china have not only created the brilliant cul-ture with a world reputation but also brought about an abundant treasury of paramountly beautiful hairdo fashions beyond comparison. Hair styles are an important symbol of the ma-terial and cultural civilization of a certain his-torical period. In Dang Dynasty the country was unified the economy was properous and the political situation was relatively stable. These spelt the solid foundation on which the rich and colourful varieties in the hair styles of women emerged. The numerous hair fashions in Tang Dynasty woman folk could be summed up into three catagories-high bun hanging bun and flat bun. Of course like the garments hair fashions are also the marks for the social status of the women in the feudal society. The hairstyle of the women of the Song Dynasty still followed the fashion of the later period of the Tang Dynasty the high bun be-ing the favoured style. To dress this type of high bun switches were generally used sometimes fashioned in to switch buns of various shapes coiled directly on top of the head. Women from rich families however usually had hairpins and combs made into the shape of flowers birds phoenixes of butterflies to be pinned on top of the buns.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.12-16
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• 2002

Soil, ground water and sea bed are exposed to continuous accumulation of polluted materials causing serious environmental damage. It has been reported that such pollution causes a massive mortality of fish stock in rivers by the resuspension of toxic chemicals during strong wind conditions. Therefore, it becomes apparent that there is an immediate demand for the restoration treatment of polluted river bed (or sea bed) sediment layers. Pollution levels of major rivers and ports such as Pal-dang, Kyung-an rivers, Ma-san port are becoming public concern and are posing a serious environmental threat. In particular, the pollution of Shi-hwa river has become a nation wide issue for last few years. In spite of such public concern, the pollution level of such rivers or port are getting worse everyday. In this study, an environmentally sound engineering package is introduced which helps to restore the polluted river bed or sea bed sediments. This engineering package is consisted of a suction facility followed by a series of mechanical, chemical as well as biological treatment units. The suction facility is designed to minimize the secondary pollution due to the resuspension of toxic materials during suction. The sea bed cleaning engineering package is designed to be installed on the top of a floating barge. Such combination of environmental plant and shipbuilding technology provides a cost-effective solution, minimizing the cost involved in the transportation between suction and treatment facilities.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.6 no.2 s.12
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• pp.23-40
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• 1997

The purpose of this thesis is a searching out the characteristics of Japanese dwellings implanted into Korea in the time of the rule of Japanese imperialism and its influences on Korean modern dwellings especially in the time of 1930's. At the early stage of the colonial time($1905{\sim}1919$), the central corridor type Japanese dwellings were implanted into Korea for the Japanese official residences. The central corridor type Japanese dwelling was an urban modern dwelling compromised between Japanese style and western style and distinguished by an outer-court type plan, Japanese entrance hall, central corridor and western style reception room. After the 1920's the central corridor type Japanese dwellings have spreaded itself and became a prototype of a modern dwelling in Korea. The characteristics of the central corridor type Japanese dwellings have influenced on the Korean high class dwellings and Korean architects' proposals for modern dwelling in the time of 1930's. By the implantation and spread of the central corridor type Japanese dwellings, Korean modern dwellings at the same time have affected and undergone transformation. The aspects of transformation were ; The outbreaking of the Japanese style entrance and central corridor, the transformation of MaDang from the inner court with a function of circulation into the outer court garden with plants and the transformation of Korean dwellings from the rural inner court type into the urban outer court type. The central corridor type Japanese dwellings implanted into Korea in the time of the rule of Japanese imperialism makes function as a precedent of a modern urban dwelling to Korean and makes Korean dwellings transform from the rural inner court type into the urban outer court type.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.1253-1260
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• 2022

This paper reports the control method for the core power of the China initiative Accelerator Driven System (CiADS) facility. In the CiADS facility, an intense external neutron source provided by a proton accelerator coupled to a spallation target is used to drive a sub-critical reactor. Without any control rod inside the sub-critical reactor, the core power is controlled by adjusting the proton beam intensity. In order to continuously change the beam intensity, an adjustable aperture is considered to be used at the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line of the accelerator. The aperture size is adjusted based on the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers, by comparing either the setting beam intensity or the setting core power with the measured value. To evaluate the proposed control method, a CiADS core model is built based on the point reactor kinetics model with six delayed neutron groups. The simulations based on the CiADS core model have indicated that the core power can be controlled stably by adjusting the aperture size. The response time in the adjustment of the core power depends mainly on the adjustment time of the beam intensity.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.3 s.50
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• pp.84-94
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to establish the identity of the traditional residential space in Korea and Japan as analyzing the spatial characteristics and sociocultural roles of the 'in-between space' shown in their traditional dwelling space. Although they share culture area, it is meaningful to clarify the identity of both countries with many differences as the point of localization In globalization and the point of presenting the current and future directions of residential culture in both countries. Records and field studies have been carried out for the spatial characteristics and the sociocultural role focused on Ma-dang and Dae-chung in case of the 'in-between space' in Korean traditional dwellings and Inner housing, Doma, and Engawa in Japan. According to these findings, the spatial characteristics in common between Korea and Japan are open, half-open, separation, mitigation, integration, variation, continuation, hierarchy, mediation, and expansion. The 'in-between space', built by the separate Chae and Kan, of Korean traditional dwellings shows the separation by closed walls and the exclusive use by the fixed walls. In case of Japan, the integrated in-between space built by the separation of Kan shows open and connective tendencies and the variableness of walls has the tendency making ambiguous space with spatial softness. The sociocultural role of the 'in-between space' in Korean traditional dwelling space functions as the mitigation between the interior and exterior of the house as well as the male and female. Because the conception for protecting the private life is too weak, the sociocultural role of the 'in-between space' in Japanese traditional dwelling space seldom forms the space for an individual or the specific person among family. The space to welcome a guest functions as the mitigation between residents and outsiders as it is located in the inside of the private dwelling space.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.195-215
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• 2017

This paper proposes gob-side entry retaining by roof break and filling in thick-layer soft rock conditions based on the thick-layer soft rock roof strata migration law and the demand for non-pillar gob-side entry retaining projects. The functional expressions of main roof subsidence are derived for three break roof direction conditions: lateral deflection toward the roadway, lateral deflection toward the gob and vertically to the roof. These are derived according to the load-bearing boundary conditions of the main roadway roof stratum. It is concluded that the break roof angle is an important factor influencing the stability of gob-side entry retaining surrounding rock. This paper studies the stress distribution characteristics and plastic damage scope of gob-side entry retaining integrated coal seams, as well as the roof strata migration law and the supporting stability of caving structure filled on the break roof layer at the break roof angles of $-5^{\circ}$, $0^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ are studied. The simulation results of numerical analysis indicate that, the stress concentration and plastic damage scope to the sides of gob-side entry retaining integrated coal at the break roof angle of $5^{\circ}$ are reduced and shearing stress concentration of the caving filling body has been eliminated. The disturbance of coal mining to the roadway roof and loss of carrying capacity are mitigated. Field tests have been carried out on air-return roadway 5203 with the break roof angle of $5^{\circ}$. The monitoring indicates that the break roof filling section and compaction section are located at 0-45 m and 45-75 m behind the working face, respectively. The section from 75-100 m tends to be stable.