• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of high amylose starch (HAS) consumption on gut functions in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Experimental animals were fed an diet containing HAS for 4 weeks (0, 125, 250, 500 g/kg diet). Stool weights, transit time, the pH of cecum, Bifidobacterium growth, short chain fatty acid production, and prostaglandin E$_2$production in colon mucus were measured. HAS intake did not affect body weight gain or food efficiency ratio during experimental period. There were no significant differences in kidney weight, epididymal fat pad weights or spleen weights, but the weights of the liver and thymus were significantly lower in the HAS100 group. The length of the large intestine, the weights of the cecum wall and cecum contents, and stool weights significantly increased through HAS intake. But transit time was not affected by the experimental diet. Although Bifidobacterium growth in the cecum increased through the HAS intake dose dependently, there were significant differences in the HAS50 and HAS100 groups. HAS intake increased the production of short chain fatty acid in the cecum contents. In particular, acetate and butyrate concentrations grew significantly. And the production of prostaglandin E$_2$in the colon mucus significantly decreased through HAS intake. These results demonstrate that high amylose starch intake significantly improves gut function.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.646-652
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• 1991

품종을 달리한 쌀 전분에서 호화온도에 영향을 주는 인자들을 조사하였다. 품종에 따라 호화온도, 아밀로오스 함량, 전분입자의 크기 분포도 및 결정화도는 모두 유의적인 차이를 보여주었다(${\alpha}=0.01$). 전분의 호화온도는 전분입자의 결정화도와 높은 양의 상관관계를 보여주었다(r=0.67, p<0.01). 그러나 전분입자의 크기분포와 아밀로오스 함량은 쌀 전분의 호화온도에 전혀 영향을 주지 못했으며, 이는 상관관계 계수와 주사 전자현미경에 의한 관찰에 의해 확인되었다. 또한 쌀 전분입자의 성상 및 크기와 아밀로오스 함량과는 아무런 관계가 없음이 주사 현미경 관찰에 의해 확인되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.320-325
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• 1985

수도 일본형 12품종과 일인교잡종 9품종을 공시하여 쌀의 아밀로스 함량과 전분의 성질, 수분흡수속도, 밥의 단단함 등 물리적 성질과의 관계를 검토하였다. 1. 아밀로스 함량은 전분의 상대적 결정도, 수분흡수속도 및 밥알의 단단함과 아무런 상관을 보이지 않았으나 전분현탁액의 투광도와는 유의한 정상관(r =0.473＊)을, chalkiness와는 부상관(r=-0.544＊)을 그리고 알칼리 붕괴도와는 매우 유의한 정상관(r =0.631＊＊)을 보였다. 2. 전분의 상대적 결정도는 알칼리 붕괴도(r=-0.453＊) 및 수분흡수속도(r=-0.477＊)와 부상관을 보였고, 쌀알의 표면적은 알칼리 붕괴도(r=-0.726＊＊)및 수분흡수속도(r =-0.438＊)와 높은 부의 상관을 나타냈다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.273-273
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• 2022

The increasing number of Westernized eating patterns based on wheat flour in Korea has led to an increase in the rate of diseases such as obesity and diabetes, which has become a social problem. Wheat consumption is increasing due to changes in eating habits, but domestic wheat has low price competitiveness and has stagnated recently, so it is necessary to secure new resources to differentiate from imported wheat. Resistant starch, a newly created resource in domestic wheat, can act as a prebiotic similar to dietary fiber in the body, inducing microbial changes in the gut and having beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome. Wheat research on resistant starch was carried out based on the breeding of high amylose. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used to perform SNP identification and expression analysis related to wheat amylose through phenotype and genotype. 561 wheat core collection gene sources were investigated for amylose content in wheat, and related genes were extracted and analyzed. In the GWAS analysis, the model formulas BLIMK, FarmCPU, GLM, MLM, and MLMM were used to derive results such as QQ plots and Manhattan plots through phenotypic data. Among these models, BLAST was conducted to find the association between the SNPs identified using FarmCPU and genes related to starch, and 15 were found. Using the identified markers, it becomes easier to develop and browse related wheat cultivars according to their amylose content.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.577-582
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• 2012

쌀 전분의 아밀로오스 함량차이에 따른 옥테닐호박산(OSAn) 변성전분의 제조 특성 및 이화학적 특성을 검토하였다. 아밀로오스의 함량은 Jinsumi가 15.42%, Milyang 261은 34.21%였으며 전분 추출 후의 Jinsumi가 20.31%, Milyang 261은 39.32%였다. 치환도 및 반응효율은 Milyang 261이 각각 0.0137, 89.89%였으며 Jinsumi는 0.0144, 95.92%로 Jinsumi가 Milyang 261보다 높았다. 점도는 Jinsumi와 Milyang 261이 각각 30.1 cP 및 7.8 cP이었으며 옥테닐호박산을 이용한 변성전분의 경우 240.5 cP 및 162.6cP으로 상승하였다. 변성전분의 유화안정성은 두 품종 모두 대체적으로 안정하였으며 특히 Jinsumi는 높은 유화안정성을 보였으며, 변성전분을 부형제로 이용하여 미세캡슐화한 후의 코팅효율은 Jinsumi가 65.70-73.54%, Milyang 261이 29.45-36.98%로 나타나 분무건조를 통한 미세캡슐 효율은 Jinsumi가 높았다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 분무건조를 통한 미세캡슐화의 피복물질 소재로서 변성을 통한 쌀 전분이 이용가치가 있을 것으로 사료되며 특히 Jinsumi가 Milyang 261에 비하여 높은 활용도를 가질 것이라 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1201-1205
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• 2009

Corn starches with different amylose contents were enzymatically modified using Thermus aquaticus 4-$\alpha$-glucanotransferase ($TA{\alpha}GTase$). Upon the enzyme treatment, the chain-length distributions of isoamylolytically debranched products became broader [degree of polymerization (DP): 3-40] than those of untreated corn starches. In addition, a variety of cycloamyloses (CAs) with different sizes were formed by the glucanotransfer activity of $TA{\alpha}GTase$. CAs with DP 5-40 were detectable in all of the $TA{\alpha}GTase$-treated corn starches. From the results of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography analyses, it was suggested that the amount of CAs produced by the enzyme treatment increased as the amylose content of the starches increased. Thus, we concluded that the extent of modification of starch molecules was enhanced in proportion to amylose content by the transfer activity of $TA{\alpha}GTase$. This finding could be useful for developing an efficient process of CA production using this enzyme.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1611-1618
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• 2018

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of different amylose/amylopectin ratios on rumen fermentation and development of fattening lambs. Methods: Forty-eight 7-day-old male Small-tailed Han sheep${\times}$Northeast fine wool sheep were randomly assigned to four treatments of dietary amylose/amylopectin ratios (0.12, 0.23, 0.24, and 0.48 in tapioca starch, corn starch, wheat starch and pea starch diets, respectively). Three lambs from each treatment were slaughtered at 21, 35, 56, and 77 days of age to determine the rumen fermentation and development. Results: Compared with tapioca starch diet, the pea starch diet significantly increased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the ruminal fluid of lambs but significantly decreased the bacterial protein content. At 56 and 77 d, the rumen propionate concentration tended to be greatest in the tapioca starch group than in other groups. The rumen butyrate concentration was the greatest in lambs fed on pea starch compared with those fed on other starch diets. Furthermore, the pea starch diet significantly stimulated rumen development by increasing the papillae height, width and surface area in the rumen ventral or dorsal locations in lambs. However, different amylose/amylopectin ratios diets did not significantly affect the feed intake, body weight, average daily gain, the relative weight and capacity of the rumen in lambs with increasing length of trial periods. Conclusion: Lambs early supplemented with a high amylose/amylopectin ratio diet had favourable morphological development of rumen epithelium, which was not conducive to bacterial protein synthesis.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.226-232
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• 2012

Through the sampling four rice cultivars with differing amylose contents, the relationship between the structural and gelatinization properties of endosperm starches was analyzed. These rice varieties exhibited different chain length distribution ratio within the amylopectin cluster as well as varing amylose levels. The proportion of amylopectin short chains of in Goami cutlivars was higher than the other varieties, whereas the Goami 2 which shows amylose extender mutant properties in the endosperm showed the highest proportion of long chains. In X-ray diffraction analysis of rice starches, the Goami 2 variety displayed a B-type pattern whereas the other varieties were all A-type. Among the cultivars with high and normal rice starch levels, those with the higher amylose contents showed distinctly lower swelling. Goami 2 rice was found to have the highest onset and peak gelatinization temperature from the differential scanning calorimetry results. The four rice cultivars under analysis also showed different rates of hydrolysis by amyloglucosidase. These findings suggest that the composition and chemical structure of the starch content is a major determinant of both the gelatinization and functional properties of rice.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.398-402
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• 1984

Rhizopus oryzae 가 생산(生産)하는 glucoamylase 의 각종기질(各種基質)에 대(對)한 분해반응(分解反應)을 검토(檢討)하였다. Glucoamylase I 과 II 는 amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, 가용성 전분, pullulan, maltose, maltotriose, maltotetriose, maltopentaose, maltohexaose, maltoheptaose, maltooctaose를 가수분해(加水分解)하였으나, ${\alpha}-cyclodextrin$, ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$, sucrose, raffinose, 젖당은 가수분해(加水分解)하지 못하였다. $37^{\circ}C$, 32시간(時間)의 반응(反應)에서 glucoamylase I 은 amylopectin, 가용성 전분, amylose를 거의 100% 분해하였고 glycogen 만을 88%정도 분해 하였으나, glucoamylase II 는 공시기질(供試基質) 4 종(種)을 거의 100% 분해하였다. Glucoamylase I 과 II 의 반응생성물질(反應生成物質)은 glucose 만이었고 ${\alpha}-glucosyltransferase$ activity는 없었다. Glucoamylase I 과 II 는 생찹쌀 전분을 가장 잘 분해(分解)시키나 생감자 전분, 생미숙 바나나 전분, 생칡 전분, 생참마 전분, raw high amylose corn starch의 분해능(分解能)은 glucoamyase I 에 비(比)하여 생전분(生澱粉)의 분해력(分解力)이 강(强)하였다.

• 한국가정과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가정과학회 1997년도 가정과학회 총회 및 학술대회
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• pp.45-49
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• 1997

아밀로오스 함량이 다른 옥수수 전분을 $121^{\circ}C$에서 호화시켜 팽윤력과 용해도를 측정했을때, 팽윤력은 찰옥수수 전분인 Amaizo,가 가장 컸고, PFP, Amaizo, Amylomaize Ⅶ 순이었으며 Amaizo의 경우 용출된 겉보기 아밀로오스의 요드 친화력이 가장 높았고, 용해도 역시 높게 나타났다. Brookfield viscometer을 이용하여 0.25N NaOH용액으로 측정한 알칼리 호화양상은 Amylomaize Ⅶ이 최고점도 $10{\pm}10^3cp$를 나타낸 반면 Amaizo는 $70{\pm}10^3cp$로 Amylomaize Ⅶ에 비해 높은 값을 나타냈고, PFP는 70$\times$$10^3$까지 증가했다가 감소하였다. 전분과 물을 1 : 9로 하여 $121^{\circ}C$에서 가열-냉각 횟수를 4회 반복하며, 각 단계에서 형성된 겔의 성질을 비교하면 Amaizo로 만든 겔의 견고성, 부착성, 탄성과 옹집성이 가장 컸으며, 견고성은 가열-냉각처리를 2회 반복한 경우 가장 컸고 그 후 감소하였다. 옥수수전분 겔의 성질은 아밀로오스 함량보다는 사슬길이나 가열 중 용출되는 부분의 성질에 더 상관성이 높았다.