• 지역연구
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.83-101
• /
• 2015

유럽과 미국 등 선진국에서는 산업화시대에 조성되었던 항만들이 노후화되면서 1970년대 부터 항만재개발과 도시재생사업이 활발하게 추진되었다. 우리나라에서는 2000년대 들어서서 부산북항 재개발사업을 시작으로 인천내항의 시민개방과 함께 재개발사업이 추진되고 있다. 그러나, 이들 사업은 항만과 도시의 재개발이 통합적으로 추진되고 있지 못할 뿐 아니라, 역사성과 장소성의 훼손, 부동산시장 의존형 사업구조 등의 문제점을 안고 있다. 유럽, 미국 등의 성공적인 항만도시 재생사업을 살펴본 결과, 지자체가 중심이 되어 항만과 배후도시를 하나의 패캐지로 한 통합적인 접근이 이루어지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한, 항만도시 특유의 역사적 지역자산을 최대한 보전, 활용하고 정교한 디자인 가이드라인을 제시해서 수준 높은 수변도시를 만들어 나가고 있다. 안정적인 사업의 추진을 위해서 앵커시설의 유치, 장소 판촉, 재원조달을 위한 새로운 아이디어 도입 등이 정책적 시사점으로 도출되었다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.291-298
• /
• 2020

연구목적: 본 연구에서는 스마트시티를 추진하는 과정에서 정보통신기술의 기술적 측면뿐 아니라 사람, 사회, 문화의 중요성을 인지하여 미래의 시민 생활환경을 제고한 삶의 질 개선 및 살기 좋은 도시로 거듭날 수 있는 사회-참여 중심의 스마트시티 조성방안을 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법: 리빙랩 방식으로 시민들의 생활여건과 삶의 질 향상을 도모한 암스테르담과 문화콘텐츠와 디지털 기술을 결합한 스마트 콘텐츠 개발에 선도적인 파리의 사례를 분석하고 사회-참여 중심의 스마트 리빙랩 플랫폼 실행방안을 제시한다. 연구결과: 사회-참여 중심의 스마트시티 조성을 위한 성장전략으로는 사람 중심의 사회혁신시스템을 정립하여 스마트 플랫폼 구축, 기술 및 사회혁신분야 간 탄력통합적 상호협력체계 플랫폼 구축 등이다. 결론: 건강하고 지속가능한 커뮤니티조성, 인종 및 공간 형평성을 통한 다양한 커뮤니티와 지역사회참여, 사회경제적 불평등을 극복한 기회 창출을 위한 추진요소로 커뮤니티서비스와 도시마케팅을 설정하고 ICT에 기반한 사회-참여 중심의 스마트시티 전략을 제시하였다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.112-119
• /
• 2005

This study attempts to suggest new directions of urban multi-family housing design in the recent era of information, in which the representation of publicity and privacy of the housing reflects new meanings and relationships of the current digital society. The study examines cases of Dutch multi-family housing and investigates the meanings and relationships of publicity and privacy in the building as well as unit design of the housings. Borneo-Sporenburg housing development is a good example that suggests new interpretation and design solution for low-rise, high-density multi-family housing. Thus, this study analyzes street patterns, facade design, and ways of housing unit combination in Borneo-Sporenburg housing and concludes as follows. First, public space in Borneo-Sporenburg housing, which was designed differently from hierarchical and centripetal organization of modern architecture, is divided into small units and spread into the inside, which provides high potential for personal control of space and personal programming of space by space choices. Second, street pattern and facade design of Borneo-Sporenburg housing provide visual publicity and privacy simultaneously as they maintain unity as a whole as well as articulate individual unit in many different ways and provide clues to neighboring. Streets as a public domain have self-controlled boundaries for residents and introduce voluntary use-programs for residents. Third, facades of the housing have no inter-mediate space or common space, and confront streets directly. Space in-between is composed inside the facade and extends into the streets by residents' own choices. Fourth, privacy and individuality of the housing is strengthened. Units of the housing have individual entrances, unique plan type and complicated combination of space that all together emphasize individuality of units, however they are not often notified from the outside.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.121-131
• /
• 2020

Purpose: To determine the long-term efficacy of the anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents, infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA), in pediatric luminal Crohn's disease (CD) by performing a systematic literature review. Methods: An electronic search was performed in Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception to September 26, 2019. Eligible studies were cohort studies with observation periods that exceeded 1 year. Studies that reported time-to-event analyses were included. Events were defined as discontinuation of anti-TNF therapy for secondary loss of response. We extracted the probabilities of continuing anti-TNF therapy 1, 2, and 3 years after initiation. Results: In total, 2,464 papers were screened, 94 were selected for full text review, and 13 studies (11 on IFX, 2 on ADA) met our eligibility criteria for inclusion. After 1 year, 83-97% of patients were still receiving IFX therapy. After 2 and 3 years the probability of continuing IFX therapy decreased to 67-91% and 61-85%, respectively. In total, 5 of the 11 studies subgrouped by concomitant medication consistently showed that the probabilities of continuing IFX therapy in patients with prolonged immunomodulator use were higher than those in patients on IFX monotherapy. Conclusion: This review of real-world evidence studies confirms the long-term therapeutic benefit of IFX therapy in diverse cohorts of children with luminal CD. Moreover, it supports the view that combination therapy with an immunomodulator prolongs the durability of IFX therapy in patients who previously failed to recover following first-line therapy. The limited number of time-to-event studies in patients on ADA prevented us from drawing definite conclusions about its long-term efficacy.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was suggested to establish of student housing by using shipping container. The research method are a study of shipping container and characteristics of student housing by using shipping container, compared typically student housing with student housing by using shipping container. Also there are planning though a case study of various planes and survey based on the student housing city in Amsterdam, Netherland, is called Keetwonen. It is a planning for housing unit to actual build at the part of land to devise master plan The 40FT(High Cube) Shipping Container housing unit are double occupancy room with toilet and balcony. The common areas are the kitchen, laundry facilities, conference room and lounge are available on the first floor with a lightweight steel frame construction method applied for obtain substantive utilization of the space. Considering into the type and scale of site shall be planning in the form of side corridor and central corridor, which is preferable to separate the interior space into two areas by a central corridor to secure personal privacy. Also, planning such as a separate exterior panel, color and landscape design to improve the external image of the container and block the solar radiation heat influx with a pitched roof. Allow 24 college students shall live at the site of Seongnae-dong, Gangdong-gu in Seoul, Korea (site area $330.9m^2$), including common facilities and a lounge with a building that has three stories above ground were established to build plans to target the actual land.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.130-142
• /
• 2017

Background: Osteoarthritis of the knee is considered to be related to knee straining activities at work. The objective of this review is to assess the exposure dose-response relation between kneeling or squatting, lifting, and climbing stairs at work, and knee osteoarthritis. Methods: We included cohort and case-control studies. For each study that reported enough data, we calculated the odds ratio (OR) per 5,000 hours of cumulative kneeling and per 100,000 kg of cumulative lifting. We pooled these incremental ORs in a random effects meta-analysis. Results: We included 15 studies (2 cohort and 13 case-control studies) of which nine assessed risks in more than two exposure categories. We considered all but one study at high risk of bias. The incremental OR per 5,000 hours of kneeling was 1.26 (95% confidence interval 1.17-1.35, 5 studies, moderate quality evidence) for a log-linear exposure dose-response model. For lifting, there was no exposure dose-response per 100,000 kg of lifetime lifting (OR 1.00, 95% confidence interval 1.00-1.01). For climbing, an exposure dose-response could not be calculated. Conclusion: There is moderate quality evidence that longer cumulative exposure to kneeling or squatting at work leads to a higher risk of osteoarthritis of the knee. For other exposure, there was no exposure dose-response or there were insufficient data to establish this. More reliable exposure measurements would increase the quality of the evidence.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.317-322
• /
• 2011

Hereditary non-polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominant inheritance syndrome. HNPCC is the most common hereditary variant of colorectal cancer (CRC), which accounts for 2-5% CRCs, mainly due to hMLH1 and hMSH2 mutations that impair DNA repair functions. Our study aimed to identify the patterns of hMSH2 and hMLH1 mutations in Chinese HNPCC patients. Ninety-eight unrelated families from China meeting Amsterdam or Bethesda criteria were included in our study. Germline mutations in MLH1 and MSH2 genes, located in the exons and the splice-site junctions, were screened in the 98 probands by direct sequencing. Eleven mutations were found in ten patients (11%), with six in MLH1 (54.5%) and five in MSH2 (45.5%) genes. One patient had mutations in both MLH1 and MSH2 genes. Three novel mutations in MLH1 gene (c.157_160delGAGG, c.2157dupT and c.-64G>T) were found for the first time, and one suspected hotspot in MSH2 (c.1168C>T) was revealed.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.249-280
• /
• 2014

IPCC는 국가별 온실가스 배출량이 얼마나 확실한 값인가를 보여줄 수 있는 불확도를 함께 보고하도록 규정하고 있다. 그렇지만 한국 정부는 IPCC 기본값을 그대로 적용하고 있는 수준에 불과하며, 그나마도 결측된 값들이 있어서 전체적인 불확도를 산정하지 못한 채 항목별 불확도만을 나열하고 있을 뿐이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 국가 온실가스 배출량의 85.3%를 차지하는 에너지분야를 대상으로 Tier 1 수준의 에러전파방법을 이용해서 온실가스 인벤토리의 불확도를 추정하고 있다. 분석결과 국내 에너지분야 온실가스 배출량의 불확도는 3.4%였으며, 이는 핀란드와 유사한 수치인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그렇지만 온실가스별로는 이산화탄소의 불확도가 2.7%에 불과했지만, 메탄은 116%, 아산화질소는 473%에 달할 정도로 차이가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 한국 정부가 에너지분야의 불확도를 낮추려면 이산화탄소 보다는 메탄과 아산화질소를 대상으로 활동도뿐만 아니라 배출계수의 개선이 필요하다는 정책적 함의가 제시될 수 있었다. 결론적으로는 IPCC 기본값 대신에 신뢰도 높은 한국 고유의 배출계수를 개발하는 작업이 필요함을 제안하고 있다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.273-281
• /
• 2001

Digital subtraction radiography may be one of the most precise and noninvasive methods for assessing subtle density changes in peri-implant bone, providing additional diagnostic information on implant tissue integration in overall maintenance. The aims of this study were to evaluate density changes after first, second surgery of dental implant and to measure the amount of marginal bone loss 9 months after second surgery using digital subtraction radiography. Bone change around 30 screw-shaped implants in 16 patients were assessed on radiographs. 17 Branemark implants of 3.75mm in diameter(Nobel Biocare, Goteborg, Sweden), 2 Branemark implants of 5.0mm in diameter, 11 $Replace^{TM}$ implants of 4.3mm in diameter(Nobel Biocare, Goteborg, Sweden) were used. To standardize the projection geometry of serial radiographs of implants, customized bite block was fabricated using XCP film holder(Rinn Corporation, Elgin, IL.) with polyether impression material of Impregum(ESPE, Germany) and direct digital image was obtained. Qualitative and quantitative changes on radiographs were measured with Emago software(The Oral Diagnostic System, Amsterdam, Netherlands). The results were as follows: 1. The peri-implant bone density of 69.2% implants did not change and the peri-implant bone density of 30.8% implants decreased after 3 months following first surgery. 2. The crestal bone density of 53.9% implants decreased first 3 months after second surgery. The crestal bone density of 58.8% implants increased 9 months after second surgery. No density change was observed around the midportion of the implants after second surgery, 3. The amount of marginal bone loss between different kinds of implants showed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). 4. More than 90% of total marginal bone loss recorded in a 9-month period occurred during the first 3 months.

• 문화기술의 융합
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.241-247
• /
• 2020

16세기에 말에 들어 해부학의 중심지로 부상한 네덜란드 레이던에서는 시민들을 위한 해부학 극장이 개관되었다. 새롭게 시작된 인체 해부 활동은 의학의 발전에 기여했음은 물론이고, 시민들을 청중으로 하여 진행된 공개 해부 시연은 해부 관람이 하나의 고급문화 활동으로 자리 잡게 만들었다. 레이던에서 시작된 해부에 대한 대중의 관심은 암스테르담으로까지 퍼졌고, 17세기 네덜란드의 대표 화가 렘브란트의 작품 <튈프 박사의 해부학 강의>에서 직접 해부를 수행하고 있는 모습으로 등장하는 주인공 튈프는 그러한 변화의 중심에 위치했던 인물이었다. 튈프는 의사이자 의료 행정 개혁가로도 큰 업적을 남겼고, 그의 해부 강연은 암스테르담에서 큰 인기를 끌었다. 해부 강연에 의해 인체 해부는 징그러운 광경이 아니라 문화 시민이라면 충분히 관심을 가질만한 행위로 받아들여지게 되었고, 렘브란트가 작품의 주제로 튈프가 시체를 해부하고 있는 광경을 선택한 데에는 이러한 배경이 있었다. 렘브란트는 이러한 시민들의 생각의 변화를 읽어내고 화폭에 담아내면서 과학과 예술의 융합을 시도했던 것이다.