• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.224-230
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• 2014

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is a molecular marker technique based on DNA and is extremely useful in detection of high polymorphism between closely related genotypes like Korean wheat cultivars. Six sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs) have been developed from inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis which enabled the identification and differentiation of 13 Korean wheat cultivars from the other cultivars. We used six combinations of primer sets in our AFLP analysis for developing additional cultivar-specific markers in Korean wheat. Fifty-eight of the AFLP bands were isolated from EA-ACG/MA-CAC, EA-AGC/MA-CTG and EA-AGG/MA-CTA primer combinations. Of which 40 bands were selected to design SCAR primer pairs for Korean wheat cultivar identification. Three of 58 amplified primer pairs, KWSM006, KWSM007 and JkSP, enabled wheat cultivar identification. Consequently, 23 of 32 Korean wheat cultivars were classified by eight SCAR marker sets.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2001

The effect of phenol on the change of bacterial community in the effluent water from a wastewater treatment plant was analyzed by PCR and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). The fragments of 16S rDNA were amplified by PCR with bacterial primers, where one of the primers was biotinylated at the 5'-end. After digestion with restriction enzymes, HaeIII and AluI, the biotinylated terminal restriction tragments (T-RFs) of the digested products were selectively isolated by using streptavidin paramagnetic particles. The single-stranded DNA of T-RFs was separated by electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide gel and detected by silver staining technique. When 10 standard strains were analyzed by our method, each strain had a unique T-RF which corresponded to the calculated size from the known sequences of RDP database. The T-RFLP fingerprint generated from the effluent water was very complex, and the predominant T-RFs corresponded to members of the genus Acinetobacter, Bacillus and Pseudomonas. In addition, the perturbation of bacterial community was observed when phenol was added to the sample at the final concentration of 250 $l^{-1}$. The number of T-RFs increased and the major bacterial population could be assigned to the genus Acinetobacter, Comamonas, Cytophaga and Pseudomonas. A intense band assigned to the putative genera of Acinetobacter and Cytophaga was eluted, amplified, and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of the T-RF showed close relationship with the sequence of Acinetobacter junii.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.196-204
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• 2008

Despite increasing awareness of the importance of WRKY genes in plant defense signaling, the locations of these genes in the Capsicum genome have not been established. To develop WRKY-based markers, primer sequences were deduced from the conserved sequences of the DNA binding motif within the WRKY domains of tomato and pepper genes. These primers were derived from upstream and downstream parts of the conserved sequences of the three WRKY groups. Six primer combinations of each WRKY group were tested for polymorphisms between the mapping parents, C. annuum 'CM334' and C. annuum 'Chilsung-cho'. DNA fragments amplified by primer pairs deduced from WRKY Group II genes revealed high levels of polymorphism. Using 32 primer pairs to amplify upstream and downstream parts of the WRKY domain of WRKY group II genes, 60 polymorphic bands were detected. Polymorphisms were not detected with primer pairs from downstream parts of WRKY group II genes. Half of these primers were subjected to $F_2$ genotyping to construct a linkage map. Thirty of 41 markers were located evenly spaced on 20 of the 28 linkage groups, without clustering. This linkage map also consisted of 199 AFLP and 26 SSR markers. This WRKY-based marker system is a rapid and simple method for generating sequence-specific markers for plant gene families.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.265-272
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• 2001

The diversity of acid-tolerant epiphytic bacterial communities on deciduous oak tree (Quercus dentate Thunb.) leaves was examined both in the natural forest area with a clean air and in the industrial estate to assess effects of acidic depositions to the phyllosphere using 16S rDNA sequence data. A total of 444 acid-tolerant epiphytic bacterial clones were obtained, resulting in 17 phylotypes by performing a analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for PCR-amplified 16S rDNA products. A very low diversity of dominating acid tolerant bacterial communities in both areas was found, just 2 subphyla groups, $\gamma$-Proteobacteria and low-G+C gram-positive bacteria. As tree leaves grow older, diversities of acid-tolerant bacteria on them significantly increased. The community structure of acid-tolerant epiphytic bacteria consisted of Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae groups in the $\gamma$-Proteobacteria subphylum, and Streptococcaceae and Staphylococcus groups in the low-G+C gram-positive bacteria subphylum. The direct influence of acidic depositions on bacterial phylogenetic composition could not be detected especially when higher taxonomic levels such as subphylum, but at narrower or finer levels it could be observed by a detection of Xanthomonadales group belonged to the $\gamma$-Proteobacteria only in the industrial area and of Acetobacteraceae group belonged to the $\alpha$-Proteobacteria. There remains that these specific acid-tolerant epiphytic bacterial groups could be used as indicators for assessing effects of acidic depositions on the phyllosphere.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 1995

Genetic polymorphisms due to variation in the number of tandem repeats of DNA sequences(VNTRs) provides a useful means for discrimination between individuals. Allele and genotype frequencies of the highly polymorphic Human Thyroid Peroxidase(TPO) gene were determined in Korean population samples by using PCR followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a procedure called the amplified fragment length polymorphism(Amp-FLP) technique. In 123 unrelated Korean individuals 10 different alleles and 29 genotypes were observed. The TPO gene demonstrated a heterozygosity of 0.707 and the power of exclusion(POE) was 0.945. The probability of having the same DNA band within two unrelated individuals was 14.6$\times10^{-2}$. The distribution of observed genotypes conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium($x^2$=4.48, 0.05

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.265-271
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• 2004

Genetic variation is the basis of crop improvement. Limited genetic diversity in a crop species may restrict the amount of genetic improvement that can be achieved through plant breeding. Soybean is one of the world's most important crops. A potential source of genetic variability for the cultivated soybean is the wild species G. soja Sieb. ＆amp; Zucc. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis is a PCR-based technique, which can detect a 10-fold greater nubmer of loci than other DNA marker analysis. Twenty cultivated soybeans and two-hundred wild soybeans were used to determine genetic vatiations by AFLPs and evaluate the usefulness of AFLPs as DNA markers. Six-hundred and ten fragments were detected with an average of 56 AFLP fragments produced per primer in a total of 11 AFLP primer pairs. The number of polymorphic loci detected per primer ranged from 7 to 20 and the polymorphism was greater in wild than in cultivated soybean. F$_2$ segregation analysis of four AFLP fragments in combination of Hwaeomputkong ${\times}$ PI 417479 indicated that they segregate as stable Mendelian loci with 3 : 1. This results strongly suggest that the AFLP analysis is a good technique for the detection of genetic polymorphism in a wide plant species.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 1996

DNA polymorphisms were analyzed for 8 clones of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer, by random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). The insect has different host preferences and was even classified into two different species, M. persicae Sulzer and Myzus nicotinae Blackman by their morphological characters, but this point is still in arguement. To identify the differences between two types of the green peach aphid by RAPD-PCR, the template DNA was extracted from 4 clones each of tobacco-feeding and non-tobacco-feeding forms and one hundred primers of 10-nucleotideslong were tested in PCR. The amplified DNAs were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Eighty-three primers gave amplified DNA fragments with 1 to 22 in number and 500 to 20,000 base pairs in length, but no amplification was observed in the other 17 primers. The average number of fragment per each amplification was about 13. In the case of 82 out of 83 random primers, band patterns of amplified DNA were identical among 8 clones, even though some differences were noticed in the intensity of specific bands. Polymorphism was detected by only one primer within the tobacco-feeding forms, but not between the two host types. The results did not detect any relationship between RAPD polymorphism and their host preference.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2009

Morphological and genetic variation of Cottus populations in Korea were compared to each other in the watershed. Morphological variation was analyzed by meristic and morphometric characters, and by fertilized egg sizes. Genetic variation was assessed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting. Cottus koreanus populations of rivers and streams running towards the eastern coasts of the Korean Peninsula were significantly different in morphometric characters from populations in rivers and streams running towards the western and southern coasts of the Korean Peninsula, but did not differ in meristric characters and fertilized egg sizes. Cottus populations in the upper streams-Yangyangnamadae Stream, Jusu Stream and Samcheogosip Stream-were the same in meristic and genetic characters. However, the Cottus sp. population from Baebong Stream is related to C. hangiongensis in meristic characteristics and to C. koreanus in the morphometric characteristics of length of the ventral fin ray and in the fertilized egg size. Pairwise genetic distances assessed by the AFLP method among C. koreanus populations were in the range of 0.110 to 0.221. Genetic distances between C. hangiongensis and C. koreanus populations varied from 0.542 to 0.621, and those between the Cottus sp. population of Baebong Stream and C. koreanus populations from 0.222 to 0.304. The result of the UPGMA dendrogram shows the Cottus sp. population of Baebong Stream was clearly separated of other C. koreanus populations.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.35 no.5_6
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• pp.349-349
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• 2000

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.369-374
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to differentiate the beef species between Hanwoo and Holstein from a total of 1,081 beef samples using PCR-RFLP of MC1R gene. When a PCR product of 403 bp specific band amplified from bovine MC1R gene sequence was digested with restriction enzyme MspA1I, Hanwoo type showed 2 bands, 220 bp and 183 bp size bands. Holstein type, however, showed three bands, 220 bp, 138 bp and 45 bp size band, respectively. The results of the differential test for beef species were as following; 7 samples (0.64%) were determined to Holstein type, of which 4 were submitted from administrative authorities, other 3 from self-collection planing, and none from civilian clients including school.