• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 1997

To improve the quality of coated paper, the continuous research to the coating components and development of alternative latices is required. Recently, amphoteric latex is getting a great concern due to their changable properties of surface charge through controlling pH and some methods have been tried to prepare amphoteric latices. This study was carried out to synthesize amphoteric latex using seeding polymerization method with low concentration emulsifier. Styrene was used as a main monomer in addition to acrylonitrile for a hydrophilic comonomer. acrylic acid for a anionic comonomer and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate for a cationic comonomer. Particle size and viscosity of latex were greatly affected by addition of acrylic acid and ammonium persulfate as an initiator. Negative charge of latex in alkali condition was changed to zero to positive charge in around pH 4.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제42권5호
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2010

Papermaking technology has drastically improved over the last 20 years to face new challenges. Because environmental regulations have become increasingly strict, papermaking systems have had to accommodate elevated recycled pulp content and an increased use of recycled process water. Process water in papermaking systems has become more dirtier and reduced polymer efficiency. Amphoteric PAM demonstrated a higher degree of stability in a high conductivity environment compared to cationic PAM. This was illustrated by the improved retention performance, particularly the ash retention. This amphoteric polymer can be used for board or newsprint production using recycled pulp, especially for the systems where polymer dissolving water is high in conductivity and degradation of cationic functional groups of cationic PAM can occur.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.85-90
• /
• 1994

The flow properties of binder latices for paper coating were investigated, together with dynamic viscoelastic properties of latex films and electron micrographs of latices, under various conditions. The amphoteric latex, binder pigment latex and anionic latex were used in this work. The amphoteric latex has both anionic and cationic functional group on its surface. The binder-pigment with a core-shell structure has dual functions : plastic pigment and binder. The low shear viscosity of binder latices and clay slurry were measured with Brookfield vis cometer. At low-shear rates. the viscosity decreased with increasing particle size of latex. On the amphoteric latex surface, the carboxyl groups are assumed to be fully dissociated over the region of pH 9~12, but the density of negative groups seems to be increased because of the gradual decrease in the degree of dissociation of amino groups. Since the apparent particle size of latex increases with surface charge, the electroviscous effect can be observed. On the anionic latex surface, the charge density is assumed to be nearly constant above pH 8. However, below pH 8 the coagulation of particles could be observed probably because of the decrease in the charge density.

• 한국인쇄학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.25-40
• /
• 1997

This research was carried out to investigated the effect of base paper and latex binder on printability and obtical properties of coated paper. Especially, it examined the effect of th pH of vase paper surface and functional groups of latices on the interactions between coating color components and on the structure of coated layer. It was found that the behavior of coating color containing amphoeric latex depends on the pH in the boundary region between coating color and base paper. Thus, the coating color formulated with amphoteric latex formed bulky coating layer by inducing stronger interaction between paper surface and coating components than the coating color with anionic latex. The coated paper with amphoteric latex showed better optical properties (i.e.gloss and optical) and printability (i.e. ink receptivity, wet ink receptivity, and ink set off) than the conventional anionic latex in the acidic and alkaline paper. However, dry pick strength of the coated paper was less decreased. This result indicated that amphoteric latex could also be applied practically to the alkaline paper.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제11권3_4호
• /
• pp.17-21
• /
• 1967

At present, quarternary ammonium salts(cationic surfactant) and Tego compounds (amphoteric surfactant) are used as germicidal agent. In this paper, it was investigated whether their germicidal activities are influenced or not by some suspending agents which are added to them 0.005% benzalkonium chloride aq. solution and 0.05% dodecyl diaminoethyl glycine aq. solution sterilized respectively against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli within a minute. The solutions aded acacia, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate solutions to make to 0.005% to above surfactants solution decreased the germicidal activity, not being sterilized bacteria for more than 2 hours however, the solutions decreased the germicidal activity by addition of suspending agents such as acacia, carboxymethyl cellose, sodium alginate and bacteria were survival for more than 2 hrs, 0.05% of benzalkonium chloride and 0.1% dodecyl diaminoethyl glycine respectively would be sterilized within 10 minutes, when added to 5% suspending agents. This result show that bactericidal action of dodecyl diaminoethyl glycine is affected by suspending agents less than that of benzalkonium chloride.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.34-42
• /
• 2021

Recent cleaning technologies of mask in extremely ultraviolet semiconductor processes were reviewed, focused on newly developed issues such as particle size determination or hydrocarbon and tin contaminations. In detail, critical particle size was defined and proposed for mask cleaning where nanosized particles and its various shapes would result in surface atomic ratio increase vigorously. A new cleaning model also was proposed with amphoteric behavior of electrolytically ionized water which had already shown excellent particle removing efficiency. Having its non-equilibrium and amphoteric properties, electrolyzed ion water seemed to oxidize contaminant surface selectively in nano-scale and then to lift up oxidized ones from mask surface very effectively. This assumption should be further investigated in future in junction with hydrogen bonding and cluster of water molecules.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2001

This paper was made to evaluate the effect of the type of latex for coating on the printability by investigating the structure of pore such as the pore fraction, the number of pores, pore size and distribution of coated paper. The coated structure is mainly depend on the results of interaction between pigment and binder. It means that the structure of pore formed is chiefly affected by the type of latex. This physical properties of pore have a close relation with ink set-off associated with the drying rate, the speed of penetration of ink into base paper and printing gloss. Therefore it was necessary to find out the relationship between pore structure and the performance of printability by modifying the type of latex to vary the pore structure of coated paper. Acrylic latex was superior to S/B latex in the sedimentation volume, compressibility, smoothness, pore fraction and its number, the weight of transferred ink onto the coated paper and ink repellance. In contrast, water retention and ink setting were not good. in the comparison of anionic and amphoteric latex, amphoteric latex showed better performance in the thickness, smoothness, pore fraction and its number, pore size, the weight of ink transmitted and K&N ink receptivity, etc.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.121-127
• /
• 1994

1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-undecyl-2-imidazoline[I] was converted into various types of sulfonated or sulfated amphoteric surfactants as following. 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-(3-sulfonatedpropyl)-2-undecyl-2-imidazolium[III] 1-(2-sulfatedethyl)-1-methyl-2-undecyl-2-imidazolium[IV] 1-dioxylethylene methyl sulfonated-1-methyl-2-undecyl-2-imidazoliun[V] N-[N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(3-sulfonatedpropylammonio]ethyl dodecanoyl amide[VI] Mono sodium N-[N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N'-disulfonatedpropylammonio]ethyl dodecanoyl amide[VII] N-[N'-(2-hydroxyethyl-N'-(2-hydroxypropl-N'(3-sulfonatedpropyl)ammonio] ethyl dodecanoyl amide[VIII] The alkylimidazolines could be readily hydrolyzed to give amidoamines, but by quaternerization, hydrolysis stability of imidazoline and amide type amphoteric surfactantes were increased in the alkali and acid conditions. Also, at least three carbon chains introduce to the main group, water solubility was sparingly increased.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
• /
• 제10권7호
• /
• pp.719-726
• /
• 1997

This research was conducted to analyze the change of surface tension, viscosity, streaming current and conductivity of transformer oil when it were injected with the interface active substances.(anionic:S-111, cationic:S-121, amphoteric:S-131) The changes properties of the surface tension and viscosity of the oil which were injected with the interface active substances were divided into the changes area and the minimum reduction area. The surface tension and viscosity of the oil which were injected with three different kinds of interface active substances showed remarkable change at the point where the concentration of the substance in anionic, in cationic and in amphoteric were 100[ppm], 10[ppm] and 1[ppm] respectively. The streaming current and conductivity of the same sample oil were also changed at the same densities of the surface tension and viscosity. For this factor, it was possibile for us to interpret the mechanism of the streaming current and conductivity. Therefore the interface active substances of the three kinds were injected into the oil within the limit of optimal volume, prevention effects of electrification were showed more excellence than unmixed insulating oil.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 1989

In past, dye diffusion and dyeing rate in fibers have been emphasized in dyeing phenomena. However, in the light of the properties of colloids in the surface of disperse phase and dispersion, there exist specific characters such as adsorption or electric double layer, which seems to play important roles in determining the physiochemical properties in the dyeing system. Electrostatic bonding, hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals adsorption are common in dyeing as well as covalent bonding. Particularly, electrostatic bonding is premised on the existance of ionic radicals in fibers. The present study was aimed to clarify the electrokinetic phenomena of dyeing through the role of electric double layer by ion in amphoteric fibers with different ionic effects under different pH. Spectrophotometric analysis method was used to compare dyeing condition of surface, which can be detected by electrokinetic phenomena and the inner of fibers after deceleration of dyed fibers. Nylon and wool, the typical amphoteric fibers were dyed with monoazo acid dyes such as C.I. Acid Orange 20, and C.I. Acid Orange 10. Various combinations were prepared by combining pH, temperature and dye concentration, in order to generate streaming electric potential which were measured by microvolt meter and specific conductivity meter. The results were transformed to zeta potential by Helmholtz-Smoluchowski formular and to surface electric charge density by Suzawa formular, surface dye amount, and effective surface area of fibers. The amount of dyes of inner fibers were also measured by the Lambert-Beer’s law. The main results obtained are as follows. 1. By measuring zeta pontential, it was possible to detect the dyeing mechanism, surface charge density, surface dye amount and effective surface area concerning dye adsorption of the amphoteric fibers. 2. Zeta pontential increases in negative at low pH and high dye concentration in the process of dyeing. This implied that there existed ionic bond formation in the dyeing mechanism between acid dyes and amphoteric fibers. 3. Dibasic acid dye had little changing rate in zeta potential due to the difference in solubility of dye and in number of dissociated ions per dye molecule to bond with amino radicals of amphoteric fibers. The dye adsorption of mono basic acid dye was higher than that of dibasic acid dye. 4. The effective surface areas concerning dyeing were $6.3E+05\;cm^2/g$ in nylon, $1.6E+07\;cm^2/g$ in wool fiber being higher order of wool then nylon.