• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2020

In accordance with the Government's policy, renewable power generation is expanding very largely. This leads to increasing uncertainty in the power market and power system owing to the intermittent and fluctuating output characteristics of renewable power generators. Data on the acquisition of renewable power generators can be largely classified according to the operation of the power market and power system. Data on the settlement for the payment for the power amount are acquired in the power market, and real-time data for monitoring the status and output of the generators are acquired in the power system. However, renewable power generators operating in the power market have different acquisition cycles depending on the method of communication of the power meter. They acquire data only for settlement purposes and have no real-time data, which requires improvement. In this paper, the acquisition status is reviewed by classifying the data of renewable power generators into settlement and real-time data. In addition, measures and acquisition criteria for real-time data of renewable power generators for improving the acquisition method are proposed.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.219-226
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• 2004

We measure subsidences occurred in a reclaimed coastal land, Noksan industrial complex, by using JERS-1 SAR (1996-1998) and RADARSAT-1 SAR (2002-2003) dataset. SAR with a high spatial resolution (about several or several tens meter) can reveal the two-dimensional distribution of settlement that would be bardly estimated from in situ measurements. The DInSAR results show significant deformation signal associated with soil consolidation. Accuracy of the settlements estimated by 2-pass differential interferometry (DInSAR) is evaluated using the measurements of settlement gauge. A two-dimensional subsidence map is constructed from 7 qualified pairs. Comparing the JERS-1 radar measurements with the ground truth data yields the correlation coefficient of 0.87 (RMSE of 1.44 cm). The regression line shows the gradient of 1.04 and intercepts close to the origin, which implies that the unbiased settlement can be measured by DInSAR technique. The residual settlements are also detected from RADARSAT-1 pairs. The extent and amount of the settlements are matched well with ground truth data.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.702-706
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• 2009

유한요소해석결과를 이용하여 근고사석 시공 필요성에 대해 연구한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 피복석 하중에 의한 압밀침하량은 작은 양이므로 근고사석에 의한 피복석 침하 저감 효과는 없는 것으로 판단된다. 2. 융기토 제거 유무가 침하에 미치는 영향은 없는 것으로 판단된다. 3. 근고사석에 의한 침하 저감 효과는 거의 없는 것으로 해석되었으나 세굴 방지 효과는 있을 것으로 예상되므로 태풍의 영향을 직접적으로 받는 구간은 근고사석을 설치하는 것이 장기적인 안정을 위해서 바람직할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

최근 환경적 문제로 공유수면 매립사업이 감소추세에 있으나 매립사업의 특성상 일률적인 지표로 환경성을 평가하는 데 한계가 있다. 이 연구에서는 공유수면 매립지의 토질역학적 침하거동 인자를 활용하여 폐석회 매립시설의 침하 안정성을 분석하였다. 1차 압밀특성 인자로부터 폐석회는 압밀이 진행중인 점토특성과 유사함을 확인하였다. 매립지 지층을 얇은 토목섬유 보강재로 보강된 층상구조로 가정하고, Westergaard 방법에 따른 응력증가량을 이용하여 침하량을 예측하였다. 압밀도에 따른 침하량을 예측한 결과 연약지반의 표층이 토목섬유로 보강된 경우 보강되지 않은 경우보다 응력증가량이 40% 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 폐석회의 소성지수와 내부마찰각의 상관관계를 이용하여 점토와 폐석회의 압밀거동 특성을 비교하였다. 공유수면 매립지내 폐석회는 압밀이 진행중인 상태이므로 장기적으로 침하는 더 증가하는 경향을 보일 것으로 예측되었다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 순환골재 다공질 콘크리트말뚝(RAPP)공법에 대한 실내모형실험의 결과를 바탕으로 RAPP로 개량된 복합지반의 침하 및 압밀 거동 특성을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 실내모형실험에서 관측된 복합지반의 침하량과 무보강 지반의 침하량을 비교하여 복합지반의 침하저감효과를 분석하였으며 복합지반의 압밀도를 산정하여 RAPP공법으로 인한 압밀촉진효과를 검토 하였다. RAPP공법으로 인한 복합지반의 침하저감효과는 상재하중증분이 증가할수록 감소하였으나 전반적으로 SCP공법에 의한 효과보다 크게 나타났으며 압밀촉진효과는 SCP공법과 유사하게 나타났다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.173-198
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to research on the liability for the space damage and the settlement of the dispute with reference to the space activity under the international space treaty and national space law of Korea. The United Nations has adopted five treaties relating to the space activity as follows: The Outer Space Treaty of 1967, the Rescue and Return Agreement of 1968, the Liability Convention of 1972, the Registration Convention of 1974, and the Moon Treaty of 1979. All five treaties have come into force. Korea has ratified above four treaties except the Moon Treaty. Korea has enacted three national legislations relating to space development as follows: Aerospace Industry Development Promotion Act of 1987, Outer Space Development Promotion Act of 2005, Outer Space Damage Compensation Act of 2008. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 regulates the international responsibility for national activities in outer space, the national tort liability for damage by space launching object, the national measures for dispute prevention and international consultation in the exploration and use of outer space, the joint resolution of practical questions by international inter-governmental organizations in the exploration and use of outer space. The Liability Convention of 1972 regulates the absolute liability by a launching state, the faulty liability by a launching state, the joint and several liability by a launching state, the person claiming for compensation, the claim method for compensation, the claim period of compensation, the claim for compensation and local remedy, the compensation amount for damage by a launching state, the establishment of the Claims Commission. The Outer Space Damage Compensation Act of 2008 in Korea regulates the definition of space damage, the relation of the Outer Space Damage Compensation Act and the international treaty, the non-faulty liability for damage by a launching person, the concentration of liability and recourse by a launching person, the exclusion of application of the Product Liability Act, the limit amount of the liability for damage by a launching person, the cover of the liability insurance by a launching person, the measures and assistance by the government in case of occurring the space damage, the exercise period of the claim right of compensation for damage. The Liability Convention of 1972 should be improved as follows: the problem in respect of the claimer of compensation for damage, the problem in respect of the efficiency of decision by the Claims Commission. The Outer Space Damage Compensation Act of 2008 in Korea should be improved as follows: the inclusion of indirect damage into the definition of space damage, the change of currency unit of the limit amount of liability for damage, the establishment of joint and several liability and recourse right for damage by space joint launching person, the establishment of the Space Damage Compensation Review Commission. The 1998 Final Draft Convention on the Settlement of Disputes Related to Space Activities of 1998 by ILA regulates the binding procedure and non-binding settlement procedure for the disputes in respect of space activity. The non-binding procedure regulates the negotiation or the peaceful means and compromise for dispute settlement. The binding procedure regulates the choice of a means among the following means: International Space Law Court if it will be established, International Court of Justice, and Arbitration Court. The above final Draft Convention by ILA will be a model for the innovative development in respect of the peaceful settlement of disputes with reference to space activity and will be useful for establishing the frame of practicable dispute settlement. Korea has built the space center at Oinarodo, Goheung Province in June 2009. Korea has launched the first small launch vehicle KSLV-1 at the Naro Space Center in August 2009 and June 2010. In Korea, it will be the possibility to be occurred the problems relating to the international responsibility and dispute settlement, and the liability for space damage in the course of space activity. Accordingly the Korean government and launching organization should make the legal and systematic policy to cope with such problems.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.81-113
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• 2013

The World Trade Organization (WTO) offers remedies for non-compliance by the introduction of compensation or retaliation in the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU). There are no the provisions under the WTO DSU and it seems unclear what retaliation is attempting to achieve. Therefore, it is unclear whether the goal of WTO retaliation is to induce compliance or to restore the balance between the rights and the obligations of WTO members. It has been claimed the WTO has a strong dispute settlement system by providing retaliation when the recommendations and rulings of Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) are not complied with. But this seems to be inadequate to bring about effective and timely compliance. Especially there is a problem with free riding by a violating member because the level of retaliation is determined from the expiration of a reasonable period of time, providing an incentive to delay compliance. Also the level of the suspension of concessions or other obligations authorized by the DSB is equivalent to the level of nullification or impairment, according to DSU Article 22.4. However, if the member concerned objections to the level of the suspension proposed, the matter shall be referred to arbitration. The arbitrator shall not examine the nature of the suspension of concessions or other obligations to be suspended but shall determine whether the level of such suspension is equivalent to the nullification or impairment. The arbitrator makes an assessment standard of equivalence by comparing the suspension of concessions or other obligations and the nullification or impairment calculated in terms of the amount of trade. But it is necessary that other standards replace the quantitative standards when the level of the nullification or impairment cannot be quantified by concrete damages.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1287-1296
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• 2007

Recently, the high speed railway comes into the spotlight as the important and convenient traffic infrastructure. In Korea, Kyung-Bu high speed train service began in about 400km section at 2004, and the Ho-Nam high speed railway will be constructed by 2017. The high speed train will run with a design maximum speed of 300-350km/hr. Since the trains are operated at high speed, the differential settlement of subgrade under the rail is able to cause a fatal disaster. Therefore, the differential settlement of the embankment must be controlled with the greatest care. Furthermore, the characteristics and causes of settlements which occurred under construction and post-construction should be investigated. A considerable number of studies have been conducted on the settlement of the natural ground over the past several decades. But little attention has been given to the compression settlement of the embankment. The long-term settlement of compacted fills embankments is greatly influenced by the post-construction wetting. This is called 'hydro collapse' or 'wetting collapse'. In spite of little study for this wetting collapse problem, it has been recognized that the compressibility of compacted sands, gravels and rockfills exhibit low compressibility at low pressures, but there can be significant compression at high pressures due to grain crushing by several researchers(Marachi et al. 1969, Nobari and Duncan 1972, Noorany et al. 1994, Houston et al. 1993, Wu 2004). The characteristics of compression of fill materials depend on a number of factors such as soil/rock type, as-compacted moisture, density, stress level and wetting condition. Because of the complexity of these factors, it is not easy to predict quantitatively the amount of compression without extensive tests. Therefore, in this research I carried out the wetting collapse tests, with focusing in various soil/rock type, stress levels, wetting condition more closely.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2023

달 얼음은 향후 인류의 심우주 탐사와 장기 체류를 위한 자원으로 활용될 수 있다. 달 얼음에 대한 기원 및 존재 유형은 여전히 가설로 남아 있다. 최근 세계 우주국에서는 달 얼음에 대한 원격탐사에서 지상탐사를 통해 정량적 매장량과 존재 유형을 밝히고자 경쟁적으로 미션을 계획하여 추진 중에 있다. 달 얼음의 매장량이 충분하다면 향후 얼음을 자원으로 활용하는 현지자원활용 개념이 각광받을 것으로 예상된다. 그러나 현재까지 얼음 추출에 따른 지반 공학적 관점에서 유의해야 하는 침하에 대한 검토는 전무한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 인공월면토-얼음 존재 유형별로 얼음 추출로 인해 발생 가능한 침하량에 대한 실험적 연구결과를 제시하고 있다. 그 결과 초기 함수비 약 10%의 인공월면토-얼음 혼합토에서 상당한 침하가 발생하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.1198-1209
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• 2009

In this study, an experimental research on the acceleration effect of dredged soil's self weight consolidation with seepage consolidation and PBD was conducted. The middle-sized consolidation equipment had been manufactured in order to investigate the acceleration of sedimentation and self-weight consolidation by PBD and a lower drainage. Seepage pressure was applied to the PBD installed in the center of the test equipment and a drainage by seepage pressure was allowed. The comparison between cases with and without PBD and seepage pressure reveals that the quantity of drained water and the amount of settlement was nearly 1.2 times to 3.68 times greater in the case with PBD and seepage. Early consolidation completion and the use of reclaimed site are expected due to the acceleration of settlement and increase of the quantity of reclamation if PBD is installed while being reclaiming using the result of the research.