• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.559-568
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• 1998

Studies of preparation condition and characteristics of AUC(ammonium uranyl carbonate) were carried out to optimize AUC process with different reactor sizes and precipitation methos. As results four types of precipitates with different chemical compositions and morphologies were obtained from the reaction of {{{{ {(NH }_{4 }) { }_{2 } {CO }_{3 } }} with {{{{ {UO }_{2 }( {NO }_{3 }) { }_{2 } }} solution. A phase diagram has been made and crystal structure and chemical composition of each phase have been characterized by using SEM X-ray IR and thermal analysis. It was found that ammonium uranyl carbonate {{{{ {(NH }_{4 }) { }_{4 } {UO }_{2 } {(CO }_{3 }) { }_{3 } }} with monoclinic crystal morphology could be syn-thesized when the mole ratio of in {{{{ {(NH }_{4 }) { }_{2 } {CO }_{3 }/ {UO }_{2 } {(NO }_{3 }) { }_{2 } }} in the solution was higher than 5 Also a mechanism and a precipitating condition on rounding of the AUC particle were examined in the course of the AUC pre-cipitation. The rounding of the AUC particle was possible only by external circulation using pump not by internal circulation using agitator.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.332-338
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• 1996

This study was investigated on the recycle feasibility of the waste AC(Ammonium Carbonate) solution produ-ced in a commercial AUC(Ammonium Uranyl Carbonate) conversion plant. AUC particles were produced with the AC solution which was prepared with AC solid-agent instead of ammonia and carbon-dioxide gases. As the results particles of monoclinic shapes has been obtained regardless of the pH change if the carbonate concentration is sufficient in the mother liquore. Also a lot of twinned or aggregated particles were formed in case of the increase of pH in the reaction system but not affected in the change of temperature. Consequen-tly the characteristics of the particles which converted for AUC were produced withAC solution to UO2, particles specific surface area shape sintered density and others were similar to that of the particles which were produced with gases only when the pellets are fabricated in the nuclear fuel manufacturing process So the waste AC solution which is produced in the commercial AUC conversion plant is possible to recycle.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권8호
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• pp.1711-1716
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• 2017

Uranium tetrafluoride ($UF_4$) is the most used nuclear material for producing metallic uranium by reduction with Ca or Mg. Metallic uranium is a raw material for the manufacture of uranium silicide, $U_3Si_2$, which is the most suitable uranium compound for use as nuclear fuel for research reactors. By contrast, ammonium uranyl carbonate is a traditional uranium compound used for manufacturing uranium dioxide $UO_2$ fuel for nuclear power reactors or $U_3O_8-Al$ dispersion fuel for nuclear research reactors. This work describes a procedure for recovering uranium and ammonium fluoride ($NH_4F$) from a liquid residue generated during the production routine of ammonium uranyl carbonate, ending with $UF_4$ as a final product. The residue, consisting of a solution containing high concentrations of ammonium ($NH_4^+$), fluoride ($F^-$), and carbonate ($CO_3^{2-}$), has significant concentrations of uranium as $UO_2^{2+}$. From this residue, the proposed procedure consists of precipitating ammonium peroxide fluorouranate (APOFU) and $NH_4F$, while recovering the major part of uranium. Further, the remaining solution is concentrated by heating, and ammonium bifluoride ($NH_4HF_2$) is precipitated. As a final step, $NH_4HF_2$ is added to $UO_2$, inducing fluoridation and decomposition, resulting in $UF_4$ with adequate properties for metallic uranium manufacture.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.152-159
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• 2014

Urea solution as a reductant of SCR has been widely used to reduce NOx emissions from diesel engine. But it has lots of problems which are freezing at low temperature due to liquid state, deposition of solid formation in the exhaust, dosing device, and complex package such as mixers for uniform concentration of ammonia. In order to overcome these obstacle, ammonium carbonate which is one of solid ammonium materials to produce ammonia gas directly by sublimation process is considered. Simple reactor with visible widow was designed to predict equilibrium temperature and pressure of ammonium carbonate. To simulate real operation conditions under automobile environment, several cycles of heating and cooling condition were settled, two different re-solidification materials were extracted from the reactor and visible window. Analytical study is performed to characterize these unknown materials by XRD(X-Ray Diffraction), FT-IR(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and EA(Elemental Analyzer). From analytical results, re-solidification materials from heating and cooling cycles are very similar to original material of ammonium carbonate.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.242-246
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• 2006

[ ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ ] nanopowders were fabricated by the thermal decomposition and synthetic of Ammonium Aluminum Carbonate Hydroxide (AACH). Crystallite size of 5 to 8 nm were fabricated when reaction temperature of AACH was low, $8^{\circ}C$, and the highest $[NH_4{^+}][AlO(OH)_n{(SO_4){^-}}_{3-n/2}][HCO_3]$ ionic concentration to pH of the Ammonium Hydrogen Carbonate (AHC) aqueous solution was 10. The phase transformation fem $NH_4Al(SO_4)_2$, rhombohedral $(Al_2(SO_4)_3)$, amorphous-, ${\theta}-,\;{\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ was examined at each temperature according to the AACH. A Time-Temperature-Transformation (TTT) diagram for thermal decomposition in air was determined. Homogeneous, spherical nanopowders with a particle size of 70 nm were obtained by firing the 5 to 8 m crystallites, which had been synthesized from AACH at pH 10 and $8^{\circ}C,\;at\;1150^{\circ}C$ for 3 h in air.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제24권B호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2004

The ultra fine gamma-alumina powder was prepared via ammonium aluminium carbonate hydroxide (AACH). The XRD, SEM, BET, thermal analysis were used to characterize the samples. The effects of various reaction parameters as concentration, of solution, anion on specific area, PH, aging time and thermal decomposition condition on the produced AACH and alumina were discussed.

• 한국자원리싸이클링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원리싸이클링학회 1993년도 EARTH 발표논문초록
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• pp.23.3-24
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• 1993

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2007

본 연구는 염화네오디뮴 수용액으로부터 탄산수소암모늄의 첨가에 의한 탄산네오디뮴 합성 시, 반응에 따라 형성되는 탄산네오디뮴 결정에 대하여 고찰하였다. 결정형의 탄산네오디뮴을 얻기 위해서는 염화네오디뮴 수용액에 투입되는 탄산수소암모늄 수용액의 농도와 반응온도가 중요한 역할을 한다. 무정형의 탄산네오디뮴은 핵생성을 통한 일차입자들의 응집에 의하여 형성되며, 반응물의 농도 및 반응온도 등을 증가시켜 반응속도를 빠르게 함으로서 결정형의 탄산네오디뮴을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 반응조건에 따라 lanthanite[$Nd_2(CO_3)_3{\cdot}8H_2O$]와 tengerite[$Nd_2(CO_3)_3{\cdot}2.5H_2O$] 결정구조를 갖는 탄산네오디뮴을 합성할 수 없었으며, lanthanite 구조의 탄산네오디뮴은 온도에 민감하고 불규칙한 모양의 덩어리 형태를 가지며, 반면에 tengerite 구조의 탄산네오디뮴은 침상의 형태를 가지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 열분해 거동 고찰 결과 250까지 탄산네오디뮴의 결정수가 분해되고 $420^{\circ}C$부근에서 $CO_2$가 분해되어 $Nd_2O_2CO_3$가 형성되며, $620^{\circ}C$에서 산화네오디뮴 결정화가 시작하여 $700^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 최종적으로 산화네오디뮴의 형성되는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 소성된 산화네오디뮴의 형상은 탄산네오디뮴의 형상에 의하여 영향 받고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2019

습식법으로 고순도 알루미나를 제조할 수 있는 알콕사이드 가수분해법, 암모늄 명반의 열분해법, 암모늄 알루미늄탄산염(AACH) 열분해법을 소개하였다. 상기 세 공정으로 알루미나 제조시 용액의 pH, 온도와 불순물이 알루미나의 상전이와 고순도에 미치는 영향을 조사했다. 알콕사이드와 암모늄 명반의 열분해법으로는 ${\alpha}$와 ${\gamma}$알루미나의 제조가 가능하다. 그러나 AACH 열분해법으로는 ${\gamma}$알루미나 제조는 어렵다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2008

본 연구는 염화세륨 수용액으로부터 중탄산암모늄의 첨가에 의한 탄산세륨 합성시, 반응 조건(염화세륨 농도: 0.5-2M, 반응온도: $20-60^{\circ}C$)에 따라 형성되는 탄산세륨 결정에 대하여 고찰하였다. 반응성 결정화 과정에서 반응물의 농도 및 반응온도에 따라 lanthanite 형태의 결정상[$Ce_2(CO_3)_3{\cdot}8H_2O$]과 tengerite 형태의 결정상[$Ce_2(CO_3)_3{\cdot}2.5H_2O$] 등 두 형태의 탄산세륨 결정을 얻을 수 있었다. 염화세륨의 농도와 반응온도가 증가함에 따라 탄산세륨의 결정상은 lanthanite에서 tengerite형태로 변하였으며, 함수의 탄산세륨은 건조 조건에 따라 무수의 수산기가 함유된 탄산세륨의 결정상 구조로 전이되었다. Lanthanite와 tengerite 구조의 탄산세륨은 판상의 결정립들이 서로 간에 응집된 상태로서 크기나 형태가 두 결정상 모두 같은 형상을 가지며, 결정립의 크기는 lanthanite구조가 약 $3{\mu}m$, tengerite구조가 약 $5{\mu}m$이었다. 그러나 수산기가 함유된 탄산세륨[$Ce(OH)(CO_3)$]은 침상의 결정립이 응집되어 있는 상태로서 결정립의 크기는 장축이 약 $7{\mu}m$이었으며, 결정수가 함유되어 있는 탄산세륨과 무수의 수산기 함유 탄산세륨의 형상은 서로 다른 형태를 갖고 있음을 알 수 있다.