• Carbon letters
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.112-116
• /
• 2010

The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of simultaneous removal of ammonium, nitrate and phosphorus in water using the zeocarbon. In this study, the surface of zeocarbon was modified by acid because of difficulty in application of water treatment. After surface modification, the strength was enhanced about 62% higher than that of original one. The removal efficiency of ammonium and nitrate using the modified zeocarbon was about 47% and 32%, respectively and were higher than that of zeocarbon. In batch type experiment on the simultaneous removal of ammonium, nitrate and phosphorus, the presence of phosphorus did not have influence on nitrogen removal efficiency. Concomitantly, removal efficiency of phosphorus was obtained was about 35%. This indicates that the surface modified zeocarbon can be applied for simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Consequently, our results could be used as basic data to design of one-stage nitrogen/phosphorus simultaneous removal system.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 2005

Nitrogen and sulfur deposition was measured on Lake Pal dang from March 2002 to October 2003. Wet and dry depositions were separately measured using wet- and dry-only samplers, respectively. In order to measure the dry deposition to the water body, a dry deposition sampler composed of three pans filled with pure water, called the deposition water, was used. Since ammonium was generally in excess in ambient air, more than half of ammonium was present in the gaseous form. Ammonium concentration was also generally higher than the sum of major anion concentrations in the deposition water because gaseous species were much easily deposited than the species in fine particles. Nevertheless, the contribution of gaseous ammonia to the deposition of ammonium was not high as well as that of particulate ammonium while the contribution of gaseous nitric acid was much higher than that of particulate nitrate. Annual wet deposition fluxes of nitrogen and sulfur were five and six times higher than their dry deposition fluxes, respectively. Except for ammonium, the dry deposition flux estimated in the present work was a half of the previous results. This was mainly caused by much smaller dry deposition velocities over the water than over the ground.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.255-259
• /
• 1992

The effect of nitrate, nitrite and ammonia as inorganic nitrogen sources on the modulation of nitrogen metabolism of Botryococcus braunii UTEX.-572 has been studied under aeration. The primary process in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism by this alga has the nitrate uptake system. This uptake of nitrate operation was immediately inhibited by the presence of 0.5 mM of ammonium and reversed by 0.2∼0.3 mM ammonium. When cell were exposed to 5 mM of ammonium for 24 hours the activity of nitrate reductase became inactive.

• 아시안잔디학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1991

The purpose of the experiment was to determine the effect of nitrogen sources (urea, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate) and potassium sources (potassium chloride, potassium sulphate) on the growth and quality of Zoysia japonica Steud. This experiment was conducted at Seoul City University turf field from 1988 to 1989. The results of this experiment were summarized as follows; 1. Urea and Ammonium sulphate resulted in superior clipping yield compared to ammonium nitrate. The growth of rhizome and stolon increased significantly with urea forms, but ammonium sulphate treated plots exhibited the highest the growth rate of root. 2. Ammonium sulphate showed best turf color rating while ammonium nitrate resulted in the poorest. Prolongation of the green period showed longer in ammonium sulphate and urea treated plots than ammoium nitrate. 3. Urea and ammonium sulphate exhibited superior visible quality and shoot density compared to ammonium nitrate. 4. The uptake of mineral nutrient showed the highest concentration with urea plots. Surface soil pH was allowed to become slightly acid with the ammonium sulphate and potassium sulphate treatments, while the application of N and K sources did not cause significant differences in mineral element content in soil.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.197-202
• /
• 2003

Phosphorus is one of the major plant growth limiting nutrients, despite being abundant in soils in both inorganic and organic forms. Phosphobioinoculants in the form of microorganisms can help in increasing the availability of accumulated phosphates for plant growth by solubilization. Penicillium oxalicum CBPSTsa, isolated from paddy rhizosphere, was studied for its phosphate solubilization. The influence of various carbon sources like glucose, sucrose, mannitol and sorbitol and nitrogen sources like arginine, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride and ammonium sulphate were evaluated using liquid media with tricalcium phosphate (Ca-P), ferric phosphate (Fe-P) and aluminium phosphate (Al-P). Maximum soluble phosphate of 824 mg/L was found in the amendment of sucrose-sodium nitrate from 5 g/L of Ca-P. Mannitol, sorbitol, and ariginine were poor in phosphate solubilization. While sucrose was better carbon source in solubilization of Ca-P and Al-P, glucose fared better in solubilization of Fe-P. Though all the nitrogen sources enhanced P solubilization, nitrates were better than ammonium In the amendments of ammonium chloride and ammonium sulphate, higher uptake of available phosphates by the fungus was found, and this resulted in depletion of available P in Fe-P amendment Phosphate solubilization was accompanied by acidification of the media, and the highest pH decrease was observed in glucose amendment Among the nitrogen sources, ammonium chloride favored greater pH decrease.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.22-27
• /
• 2005

To find out the optimum mixture ratio of ammonium and nitrate on rice plant, 4 rice varieties were examined during 14days after transplanting in hydroponics with the different ratio of ammonium to nitrate(100 : 0, 75: 25,50: 50, 25: 75 and 0: 100). The highest N uptake from solution and the maximum plant dry weight were $60\~70\%$ ammonium and $30\~40\%$ nitrate mixture treatment both in Japonica and Tongil type rice plants. And with the same varieties N-uptake and N use-efficiency were compared between 10.0 mM and 1.0 mM nitrogen using $70\%$ ammonium and $30\%$ nitrate for 24 days after transplanting. Rice plants absorbed more nitrogen$(131\~145\%)$ in 10.0mM than 1.0mM treatment but accumulated N in rice plants were almost the same in both treatment. Among the tested rice cultivars, dry matter production and total accumulative nitrogen in rice plants were much high in Tongil type than japonica type rice cultivars. N-recovery ratios of rice plants from uptake N were $90.8-99.0\%$ in low concentration N solution(1.0 mM), but $69.4-81.7\%$ were observed in high concentration N solution(10.0 mM). It means that suppling low concentration N steadily will be better to prevent loss of N without reducing of growth in rice plants.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 1988

To investigate the influence of cosubstrate supplement and ammonium sulfate on lignin degradation by Pseudomonas diminuta KM-4-2, isolated in the laboratory, the strain was cultured on the lignin media which contained lignin as a source of carbon and the culture filtrate was analyzed by Sephadex G-75 column chromatography. It was found that polymerization was not appeared unlike wood-rot fungi. When the carbohydrates were added, the peak of lignin at 280nm by UV scanning spectra of the filtrate, was significantly increased. In order to determine the effect of ammonium sulfate on the ligninolytic activity, the isolated strain was incubated in the media containing 0.1%, 0.25% and 0.5% of nitrogen concentration in the Warburg flask and the rate of oxygen uptake was esitmated by Warbuge Respirometer. As a result, the activity was maximum at 0.1% of nitrogen concentration and thereafter decreased in parallel with nitrogen concentration.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.105-111
• /
• 2016

This paper presents the applicability of natural zeolite (Clinoptilolite) for recovery of ammonium nitrogen from high-strength wastewater stream. Isotherm experiments showed the ammonium exchange Clinoptilolite followed Freundlich isotherm and its maximum exchange capacity was $18.13mg\;NH_4{^+}-N/g$ zeolite. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that a significant amount of nitrogen was adsorbed to the Clinoptilolite. Optimal flowrate for recovery of high concentration ammonium nitrogen was determined at 16 BV/d (=19.2 L/min) throughout the lab-scale column studies operated under various flowrate conditions. This study also provided a method to determine the recovery rate of final product of nitrogen fertilizer based on the model application to the lab-scale continuous data.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제27권7호
• /
• pp.686-689
• /
• 2005

회분식 및 연속식 충전 복극전해조 사용시 인가전압, 전해시간 및 활성탄 충진고 등이 암모니아성 및 질산성 질소 제거에 미치는 영향을 검토할 목적으로 실험하였다. 회분식 충전복극 전해조에 $4{\times}8$ mesh GAC를 충전한 후 20 V의 전위에서 30분간 전해한 결과 활성탄 충진고가 80 mm인 경우 암모니아성 질소 제거효율은 전해시간 30분에서 99.9%, 질산성 질소 제거효율은 전해시간 60분에서는 97.6%이었다. 그리고 암모니아성 및 질산성 질소를 연속식으로 처리시 활성탄을 280 mm 충전한 충전복극전해조에 총 질소 농도가 30 mg/L가 되도록 조제한 질산암모늄 시료를 6.7 mL/min 속도로 주입하면서 72시간 연속전해 결과 총 질소 제거효율은 약 80% 이상이었다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.274-280
• /
• 2020

The marine sediment sustains from the anoxic condition due to increased nutrients of external sources. The nutrients are liberated from the sediment, which acts as an internal source. In hypoxic environments, anaerobic respiration results in the formation of several reduced matters, such as N₂ and NH₄⁺, N₂O, Fe²⁺, H₂S, etc. The experimental results have shown that nitrogen and sulfur played an influential, notable role in this biogeochemical cycle with expected chemical reductions and a 'diffusive' release of present nutrient components trapped in pore water inside sediment toward the bulk water. Nitate/ammonium, sulfate/sulfides, and ferrous/ferric irons are found to be the key players in these sediment-waters mutual interactions. Organonitrogen and nitrate in the sediment were likely to be converted to a form of ammonium. Reductive nitrogen is called dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium and denitrification. The steady accumulation in the sediment and surplus increases in the overlying waters of ammonium strongly support this hypothesis as well as a diffusive action of the involved chemical species. Sulfate would serve as an essential electron acceptor so as to form acid volatile sulfides in present of Fe³⁺, which ended up as the Fe²⁺ positively with an aid of the residential microbial community.