Sang-Hyun Park;Muchamad Muchlas;Tae-Hwan Kim;Bok-Rye Lee
Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
/
v.44
no.2
/
pp.133-139
/
2024
This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of combining acidification with adsorbents (zeolite and biochar) to mitigate the environmental impacts of pig slurry, focusing on ammonia (NH3) emission and nitrate (NO3-) leaching. The four treatments were applied: 1) pig slurry (PS) alone as a control, 2) acidified PS (AP), 3) acidified pig slurry with zeolite (APZ), and 4) acidified pig slurry with biochar (APB). The AP mitigates NH3 emission and NO3- leaching compared to PS alone. Acidification reduced the cumulative NH3 emission and its emission factor by 35.9% and 12.5%, respectively. The APZ and APB increased NH4+-N concentration, with the highest level in APB, compared to AP. The NH4+ adsorption capacity of APB (0.90 mg g-1) was higher than that of APZ (0.63 mg g-1). The APB and APZ treatments induced less NH3 emission compared to AP. The cumulative NH3 emission was reduced by 12.2% and 27.6% in APZ and APB, respectively, compared to AP treatment. NO3- leaching began to appear on days 12 and 13, and its peak reached on days 16 and 17, which were later than AP. The cumulative NO3- leaching decreased by 17.7% and 25.0% in APZ and APB, respectively, compared to AP treatment. These results suggest that combining biochar or zeolite with acidified pig slurry is an effective method to mitigate NH3 emission and NO3- leaching, with biochar being particularly effective.
The effects of turning frequency were examined on the efficiency of composting lime treated excess sludge amended with sawdust from the activated sludge process after a liquid/solids separation process. The raw and excess sludge from the activated sludge process associated with the hog wastewater treatment system is a significant problem and composting is an effective method far reducing the pollution potential of hog wastewater sludge. The coagulant used sludge composting and ammonia emissions from composting are not well established. The effect of compost properties such as high total carbon, C/N ratio and pH value on performance of composting sludge and biofiltration of ammonia from composting process were investigated. The ammonia emission was not significantly increased during composting. The ammonia concentrations of the exhaust air of composter were ranged from 0.5 and 7 ppm about 12 days after composting. The performance of the hog wastewater sludge composting was the most sensitive to chemical treated sludge properties such as high total carbon and high C/N ratio of the initial compost mixes. Temperature in compost and ammonia emission were not greatly affected by the turning frequency.
Due to increasingly strict emission regulations for carbon-based fuels in the shipping industry, there is a significant motivation to investigate the alternative fuel. Ammonia is one of the attractive alternative fuels as a carbon-free fuel. Since ammonia has different properties such as high vapor pressure and low boiling point compared to conventional fuels, further research into ammonia spray behavior is important. In this work, the spray characteristics of ammonia and other fluids (ethanol, n-decane) were compared by using numerical simulation. The results show that the spray characteristics of ammonia differs from those of the others due to the occurrence of flash boiling. The narrow-dispersed spray with accelerated velocity at the center have been observed for ammonia. It is also found that droplets of ammonia achieve smaller diameter with more uniform distribution, leading to better atomization behavior compared to the others.
Nguyen, Quan Hai;Le, Phung Dinh;Chim, Channy;Le, Ngoan Duc;Fievez, Veerle
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
/
v.32
no.4
/
pp.574-584
/
2019
Objective: Research was conducted to test the effect of including fiber-rich feedstuffs in practical pig diets on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and ammonia emissions from slurry. Methods: Three Vietnamese fiber sources were screened, namely cassava leaf meal (CL), cassava root residue (CR), and tofu by-product (TF). Accordingly, a control diet (Con) with 10% of dietary non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and three test diets including one of the three fiber-rich feedstuffs to reach 15% of NSP were formulated. All formulated diets had the same level of crude protein (CP), in vitro ileal protein digestible and metabolisable energy, whereas the in vitro hindgut volatile fatty acid (VFA) production of the test diets was 12% to 20% higher than the control diet. Forty growing barrows with initial body weight at $28.6{\pm}1.93kg$ ($mean{\pm}standard$ deviation) were allocated to the four treatments. When pigs reached about 50 kg of body weight, four pigs from each treatment were used for a nitrogen balance trial and ammonia emission assessment, the remaining six pigs continued the second period of the feeding trial. Results: The TF treatment increased fecal VFA by 33% as compared with the control treatment (p = 0.07), suggesting stimulation of the hindgut fermentation. However, urinary N was not significantly reduced or shifted to fecal N, nor was slurry pH decreased. Accordingly, ammonia emissions were not mitigated. CR and CL treatments failed to enhance in vivo hindgut fermentation, as assessed by fecal VFA and purine bases. On the contrary, the reduction of CP digestibility in the CL treatment enhanced ammonia emissions from slurry. Conclusion: Dietary inclusion of cassava and tofu byproducts through an increase of dietary NSP from 10% to 15% might stimulate fecal VFA excretion but this does not guarantee a reduction in ammonia emissions from slurry, while its interaction with protein digestibility even might enhance enhanced ammonia emission.
Kim, Min-Wook;Kim, Jin-Ho;Kim, Kyeong-Sik;Hong, Sung-Chang
Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
/
v.40
no.3
/
pp.211-218
/
2021
BACKGROUND: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is produced by chemical reactions between various precursors. PM2.5 has been found to create greater human risk than particulate matter (PM10), with diameters that are generally 10 micrometers and smaller. Ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are the sources of secondary generation of PM2.5. These substances generate PM2.5 through some chemical reactions in the atmosphere. Through chemical reactions in the atmosphere, NH3 generates PM2.5. It is the causative agent of PM2.5. In 2017 the annual ammonia emission recorded from the agricultural sector was 244,335 tons, which accounted for about 79.3% of the total ammonia emission in Korea in that year. To address this issue, the agricultural sector announced the inclusion of reducing fine particulate matter and ammonia emissions by 30% in its targets for the year 2022. This may be achieved through analyses of its emission characteristics by monitoring the PM2.5 and NH3. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the PM2.5 concentration was measured real-time (every 1 hour) by using beta radiation from the particle dust measuring device (Spirant BAM). NH3 concentration was analyzed real-time by Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS). The concentrations of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were continuously measured and analyzed for the masses collected on filter papers by ultraviolet photometry and chemiluminescence. CONCLUSION: This study established air pollutant monitoring system in agricultural areas to analyze the NH3 emission characteristics. The amount of PM2.5 and NH3 emission in agriculture was measured. Scientific evidence in agricultural areas was obtained by identifying the emission concentration and characteristics per season (monthly) and per hour.
Kim, Koo-Pil;Choi, Young-Soo;Oh, Kwang-Hyun;Koo, Kyung-Bon;Suh, Sang-Ryong;Yoo, Soo-Nam;Lee, Kyeong-Hwan
Journal of Biosystems Engineering
/
v.36
no.5
/
pp.342-347
/
2011
The effect of SNC(silver nano colloid) on the emission reduction of odors such as ammonia ($NH_3$), hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$), and methane ($CH_4$) from swine excreta was studied. Silver has been used as an universal antibiotic substance and can reduce the emission of some gases by sterilizing action. Therefore, an apparatus which produces SNC was developed and was conducted its performance test. Also, the SNC made by the apparatus was applied to swine excreta sampled from a piggery in oder to find the effect on the reduction of odor emission. An electrolysis apparatus was developed to produce SNC and its capacity was 0.024 ppm/$hr{\cdot}L$. The effects of SNC on the reduction of odor emission from swine excreta were tested for bad smell gases of ammonia ($NH_3$), hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) and methane ($CH_4$). For ammonia gas, factorial experiments were conducted to find the effects of concentration and application rate of SNC. The test results for the different concentrations of 20 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm showed that the more concentration of SNC was increased, the more emission reduction of ammonia gas increased. From the test results about the effect of application rate, the more SNC was applied, the more emission reduction of $NH_3$ increased. In order to reduce the concentration of $NH_3$ below 5 ppm, SNC of 50 ppm is recommended to be applied at an interval of 6 hours, and is mixed with swine excreta in the volumetric ratio of 4:1. For hydrogen sulfide gas, the concentration was decreased as time went by and was reduced rapidly in the first stage of the tests for all applied concentrations of SNC (20 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm). Especially, when 100 ml of SNC with 100 ppm was applied, emission of hydrogen sulfide gas was reduced rapidly during early 4 hours after the application of SNC. And, concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas was maintained below 20 ppm after 12 hours. For methane gas, t-test showed that there was no significance on the effect of its application for all applied concentrations of SNC. Therefore, it was concluded that the application of SNC on swine excreta had no effect on the emission reduction of $CH_4$.
LEE, SANGHO;CHOI, YOUNG;PARK, CHEOLWOONG;KIM, HONGSUK;LEE, YOUNG DUK;KIM, YOUNG SANG
Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
/
v.31
no.4
/
pp.372-379
/
2020
Ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel engine is a way to reduce greenhouse gas emission because ammonia and hydrogen are carbon-free fuels. In ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel engine, hydrogen is supplied to improve the combustion characteristic of ammonia. In this study, an ammonia reformer was developed to supply hydrogen for 10 kW class ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel engine. Thermodynamic characteristic and catalyst were investigated for ammonia reforming. Heat transfer was important for high ammonia conversion of ammonia reformer. 99% of ammonia conversion was obtained when 10 LPM of ammonia and 610℃ of hot gas were supplied to the ammonia reformer.
Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
/
v.37
no.1
/
pp.56-60
/
2017
Mineralization is an important biological process for conversion of organic nitrogen (N) to inorganic N which can be used by plants directly. To investigate the effect of different manures on soil mineralization, the soil amended with cattle (CtM), goat (GM), chicken manure (ChM) and pig slurry (PS) were incubated under in vitro condition and ammonium N ($NH_4{^+}-N$), ammonification rate and ammonia emission were determined for eighty-four days. $NH_4{^+}-N$ was the highest in PS-amended soil for the whole experimental period. $NH_4{^+}-N$ in PS-amended soil was gradually decreased until day 84, whereas it was rapidly decreased for the first 14 days and then slightly increased until 84 days in ChM-, CtM- and GM-amended soil. The ammonification rate showed negative value for the first 14 days in all treatments. From day 14, ammonification rate started to increase in CtM- and ChM-amended soil, whereas it was maintained in GM- and PS-amended soil until day 84. The daily ammonia emission was the highest in PS-amended soil ($41mg\;kg^{-1}d^{-1}$), followed by CtM-, ChM-, and GM-amended soil at day 1. It was gradually decreased until day 84 in all treatments. The total $NH_3$ emission was the highest in PS-amended soil with $0.6mg\;kg^{-1}$ for 84 days, while less than $0.1mg\;kg^{-1}$ in three other plots. These results indicate that different manures showed different soil ammonification rate and $NH_3$ emission.
Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
/
v.41
no.4
/
pp.280-286
/
2021
The objective of this study was to prove the effect of pig slurry application with charcoal on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), feed value and ammonia (NH3) emission from maize forage. The four treatments were applied: 1) non-pig slurry (only water as a control), 2) only pig slurry application (PS), 3) pig slurry application with large particle charcoal (LC), 4) pig slurry application with small particle charcoal (SC). The pig slurry was applied at a rate of 150 kg N ha-1, and the charcoal was applied at a rate of 300 kg ha-1 regardless of the size. To determine the feed value of maize, crude protein, dry matter intake, digestible dry matter, total digestible nutrient, and relative feed value were investigated. All feed value was increased by charcoal treatment compared to water and PS treatment. Also, the NUE for plant N was significantly higher in charcoal treatments (LC and SC) compared to PS treatment. On the other hand, there is no significant difference for feed value and NUE between LC and SC. The NH3 emission was significantly reduced 15.2% and 27.9% by LC and SC, respectively, compared to PS. Especially, SC significantly decreased NH3 emission by 15% compared to LC. The present study clearly showed that charcoal application exhibited positive potential in nitrogen use efficiency, feed value and reducing N losses through NH3 emission.
Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
/
2000.11c
/
pp.777-783
/
2000
Composting by negative aeration is a reasonable proposition to control odor generated during composting process. Cattle manure and rice hulls mixtures were composted in a bin composting system by negative aeration. Continuous(CA) and intermittent(IA) aeration methods were applied to analyze the composting characteristics. The composting temperature and the ammonia emission during composting were investigated according to the aeration methods. The main problem for the negative aeration was the generation of condensate in the suction line of blower. The quantity of condensate was significant for continuous aeration. The aeration method should be modified to escape from the cooling effect of continuous aeration at the initial stage of composting. It took a longer time to finish a composting for intermittent aeration on account of lower aeration. It was concluded that the composting by negative aeration could be accomplished by either continuous or intermittent aeration method if the flow rate would be controlled more efficiently and the water vapor in suction line of blower could be removed effectively. Ammonia emission increased up to maximum value of 675ppm for continuous aeration while 300ppm for intermittent aeration. However, the cumulative value of ammonia emission was larger for intermittent aeration than for continuous aeration.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.