• 월간포장계
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• 통권189호
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• pp.73-85
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• 2009

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.195-199
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• 2007

Statistical tools for determining sex in the sexually monomorphic black-billed magpie based on morphological characters have been developed based on studies of European and North American populations. However, since no morphological method has been developed for black-billed magpies in Korea, it has been difficult to conduct field studies that require information about the sex of individuals. We present two discriminant equations for determining sex of second-year (SY) and after-second-year (ASY) magpies in north- and midwestern part of South Korea. Based on morphological measurements on 105 SY (56 females, 49 males) and 72 ASY (36 females, 36 males) individuals, we found body mass, wing chord, and head length to be the most useful features for morphological sex determination. The accuracy of our method was 86.5% for SYs and 93.1% for ASYs, which is similar to values reported previously from American and European magpies. Since the equations contain morphological traits which are only minimally susceptible to seasonal variation and measurement errors, our discriminant equations should be both useful and robust for sex determination on black-billed magpies in the northern and mid-western regions of South Korea.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.140-143
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• 2017

A winged midge species, Parochlus steinenii is one of the most abundant species in Antarctica, which is distributed over a wide area from the South American continent to the South Shetland Islands in Antarctica. It was dispersed into islands in the South Shetland Islands from the South American continent, and it adapted to a variety of environments and settled. This species, therefore, is a good model organism to explain the evolutionary process of Antarctic terrestrial fauna. Nevertheless, there are few genetic studies on this species, which are necessary for understanding the genetic diversity, population structure, etc. Here, we developed and characterized 14 polymorphic microsatellite markers. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 5. The observed and expected heterozygosities were in the range of 0.024 to 0.561 and 0.024 to 0.535, respectively. Identifying genetic differences between populations, they are suitable markers for researches investigating genetic diversity and population structure of P. steinenii, which provide us with clues to dispersion, evolution and ecology of this species.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.45-64
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• 2016

In order to understand Korean American immigrants'adjustment to American society, it is important to understand how their life rituals and ethnic identities maintain or change over time and across immigration generations. To achieve this goal, this study examined how Korean Americans who resided in the New York City metropolitan area and New Jersey State performed life rituals and formed ethnic identities. A total of 18 Korean immigrants participated in one-on-one in-depth interviews and the interview data were analyzed with the themes. The results showed that Korean Americans performed life rituals integrating both Korean and American cultural aspects. Many Korean Americans attempted to perform life rituals based on American cultural holidays and procedures. However, a majority of these Koreans also strived to maintain Korean ethnic identities and also practice traditionally Korean life rituals as a way to preserve this ethnic identity. These findings suggest that across time and generation, Korean Americans prefer to maintain their Korean cultural identity, while not shunning the adoption of typical "American" rituals. The way that Korean Americans practice and develop identities differs very little across immigration generation. These findings provide insight on how the Korean government may support foreigners and immigrant families in South Korea and Korean Americans' acculturation processes in the U.S.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.1851-1856
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• 2012

Immigration to a nation with a stronger anti-smoking environment has been hypothesized to make smoking less common. However, little is known about how environments influence risk of smoking across the lifecourse. Research suggested a linear decline in smoking over the lifecourse but these associations, in fact, might not be linear. This study assessed the possible nonlinear associations between age and smoking and examined how these associations differed by environment through comparing Koreans in Seoul, South Korea and Korean Americans in California, United States. Data were drawn from population based telephone surveys of Korean adults in Seoul (N=500) and California (N=2,830) from 2001-2002. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (lowess) was used to approximate the association between age and smoking with multivariable spline logistic regressions, including adjustment for confounds used to draw population inferences. Smoking differed across the lifecourse between Korean and Korean American men. The association between age and smoking peaked around 35 years among Korean and Korean American men. From 18 to 35 the probability of smoking was 57% higher (95%CI, 40 to 71) among Korean men versus 8% (95%CI, 3 to 19) higher among Korean American men. A similar difference in age after 35, from 40 to 57 years of age, was associated with a 2% (95%CI, 0 to 10) and 20% (95%CI, 16 to 25) lower probability of smoking among Korean and Korean American men. A nonlinear pattern was also observed among Korean American women. Social role transitions provide plausible explanations for the decline in smoking after 35. Investigators should be mindful of nonlinearities in age when attempting to understand tobacco use.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.341-367
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• 2009

본 연구는 최근 FTA를 체결한 칠레를 비롯하여 신흥 시장으로 성장 가능성이 큰 중남미 시장에 있어서의 한국 상품의 진출 실태를 분석하고 기존에 이루어지고 있는 민간부문, 정부부문의 중남미 무역 관리 실태를 파악하여 문제점을 발견하고 특히 중남미 시장에서의 가장 큰 경쟁국가인 중국과의 비교를 통해 한국 상품이 중남미 시장에서 우위를 지켜나갈 수 있는 방법을 모색하였다. 이를 위해 중남미에서 문화적으로 선도 그룹인 '엘리트 집단'을 적극 활용하여 문화적 친연성을 높여야 할 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 단순히 '거대 시장'으로만 인식 되던 중남미 시장을 한국의 '전략적 시장'으로 접근하여 앞으로 한국 무역의 숙제인 수출 다변화와 점점 중요시 되는 원자재 등 에너지 자원의 안정적인 수입원으로서의 중남미 시장이 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다. 지금까지의 정부의 대 중남미 진출 확대를 위한 중남미 국가들에 대한 기술 협력, 무상 원조 지원 형태에서 벗어나 중남미 복합문화를 접목시킬 수 있는 한류문화의 특성화 작업을 서둘러 장기적인 시장 접근을 위한 특단의 대책이 필요할 것이다. 본 논문은 종합적 통상문화 환경의 수립과 창조적 문화 관계 수립에 의한 통상확대 정책에 대한 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1991

Nearly 50 highly sweet substances have been isolated and structurally characterized from green plants, and such compounds comprise mainly various types of terpenoids, flavonoids, and proteins. Among the sweet substances that have been studied as constituents of North and South American medicinal plants are the sesquiterpene, hernandulcin, the triterpene glycosides, abrusosides A-D, the steroidal saponins, polypodosides A and B, and the dihydroflavonol, dihydroquercetin-3-acetate. In addition, safety studies have been performed on the potently sweet substance, stevioside, from the 'sweet herb of Paraguay' (Stevia rebaudiana), a compound now produced on a commercial scale.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.21-46
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• 2019

This study compares the ethical inclination regarding consumer misbehaviors from two countries with contrasting cultural characteristics. National samples of South Korean and American adults provided their perceptions of the appropriateness of 12 ethically questionable consumer actions. The scenarios ranged from illegal actions, such as fraudulently inflating one's losses when filing an insurance claim to legal, yet questionable, actions such as purchasing an item that the buyer recognizes as having been mispriced. The 12 scenarios exhibited a wide range of mean responses in both countries, thereby supporting the oft-stated premise that consumer ethics is a situational phenomenon. Findings indicate not only where the cultures diverge but also where they converge towards a degree of congruence. Plausible explanations for differences based upon cultural dynamics are provided.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.185-185
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• 2018

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.811-827
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• 2015

This paper presents a probabilistic investigation of American and European specifications (i.e., AISC and Eurocode 4) for square concrete-filled steel tubular (CFT) stub columns. The study is based on experimental results of 100 axially loaded square CFT stub columns from the literature. By comparing experimental results for ultimate loads with code-predicted column resistances, the uncertainty of resistance models is analyzed and it is found that the modeling uncertainty parameter can be described using random variables of lognormal distribution. Reliability analyses were then performed with/without considering the modeling uncertainty parameter and the safety level of the specifications is evaluated in terms of sufficient and uniform reliability criteria. Results show that: (1) The AISC design code provided slightly conservative results of square CFT stub columns with reliability indices larger than 3.25 and the uniformness of reliability indices is no better because of the quality of the resistance model; (2) The uniformness of reliability indices for the Eurocode 4 was better than that of AISC, but the reliability indices of columns designed following the Eurocode 4 were found to be quite below the target reliability level of Eurocode 4.