• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.95-110
• /
• 2008

Objective : This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of the PMCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on Alzheimer's Disease Model Induced by ${\beta}A$. Method : The effects of the PMCMT hot water extract on expression of proinf1ammatory cytokine mRNA in BV2 microglial cell cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS). The effects of the PMCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on (1) the behavior (2) AChE in serum (3) the infarction area of the hippocampus, and brain tissue injury in Alzheimer's diseased mice induced with ${\beta}A$ were investigated. Result : 1. The PMCMT hot water extract suppressed the expression of proinflammatory cytokine mRNA in BV2 microglial cell line treated with LPS. 2. The PMCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit was shown for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$ in the Morris water maze experiment, which measured stop-through latency and distance movement-through latency 3. The PMCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder suppressed the over-expression of AChE activity in the serum of the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. 5. The PMCMT ultra-fine powder reduced infarction area of hippocampus significantly, and the PMCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder controlled the injury of brain tissue in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. Conclusions : These results suggest that the PMCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the PMCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.37 no.4 s.147
• /
• pp.314-319
• /
• 2006

This research was investigated the effect of the Ginseng Radix plus Crataegi Fructus (Gin-CF) on Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, the effects of the Gin-CF extract on $IL-1\beta,\;TNF-\alpha$ of BV2 microglia cell line treated with LPS. The Gin-CF extract suppressed the over-expression of $IL-1\beta$ protein, $TNF-\alpha$ protein, MDA, and CD68/CD11b, in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. These results suggest that the Gin-CF extract may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the Gin-CF extract for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2007

Objectives : This research was investigated the effect of the Ginseng Radix plus Chaenomelis Fructus on Alzheimer's disease. Methods : Specifically, the effects of the Ginseng Radix plus Chaenomelis Fructus extract on $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$ of BV2 microglia cell line treated with lipopolysacchride. Results : The Ginseng Radix plus Chaenomclis Fructus extract suppressed the over-expression of $IL-1{\beta}$ protein, $TNF-{\alpha}$ protein, MDA, and CD68/CD11b, in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}$ amyloid peptide. Conclusion: These results suggest that the Ginseng Radix plus Chaenomelis Fructus extract may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the Ginseng Radix plus Chaenomelis Fructus extract for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
• /
• v.42 no.sup1
• /
• pp.166-171
• /
• 2008

PET of the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose is increasingly used to support the clinical diagnosis in the examination of patients with suspected major neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. $^{18}F-FDG$ PET has been reported to have high diagnostic performance, especially, very high sensitivity in the diagnosis and clinical assessment of therapeutic efficacy. According to clinical research data hitherto, $^{18}F-FDG$ PET is expected to be an effective diagnostic tool in early and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Since 2004, Medicare covers $^{18}F-FDG$ PET scans for the differential diagnosis of fronto-temporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) under specific requirements; or, its use in a CMS approved practical clinical trial focused on the utility of $^{18}F-FDG$ PET in the diagnosis or treatment of dementing neurodegenerative diseases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.921-933
• /
• 2007

This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of the KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on Alzheimer's Disease Model Induced by ${\beta}A$. The effects of the KBCMT hot water extract on expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2 mRNA and production of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, NO in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS). The effects of the KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on (1) the behavior (2) expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, MDA, CD68 and CD11b; (3) AChE in serum (4) the infarction area of the hippocampus, and brain tissue injury in Alzheimer's diseased mice induced with ${\beta}A$ were investigated. The KBCMT hot water extract suppressed the expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA in BV2 microglia cell line treated with LPS. The KBCMT hot water extract suppressed the production of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, NO in BV2 microglial cell line treated with LPS. The KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit was shown for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$ in the Morris water maze experiment, which measured stop-through latency and distance movemet-through latency The KBCMT ultra-fine powder suppressed the expression of TNF-a protein significantly in the microglial cell of mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced the MDA and suppressed the over-expression of CD68, CD11b in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder decreased AChE significantly in the serum of the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced infarction area of hippocampus, and controlled the injury of brain tissue in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced the tau protein, GFAP, and presenilin1, 2 of hippocampus in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. These results suggest that the KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.279-288
• /
• 2002

This research investigates the effect of the Crataegus pinnatifida BGE. var. major N.E. BR(CPVM) on Alzheimer's disease. The CPVM extract suppressed the expression of IL-1 β, IL-6, APP, AChE mRNA in PC-12 cells treated with CT105. The CPVM extract suppressed the AChE activity, and the production of APP significantly in PC-12 cells treated with CT105. The CPVM extract group showed a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by CT105 in the Morris water maze experiment. The CPVM extract suppressed the over-expression of IL-1 β, TNF- α and ROS in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by CT105. This study suggests that CPVM may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.28-34
• /
• 2020

Sphingolipids are ubiquitous building blocks of eukaryotic cell membranes that function as signaling molecules for regulating a diverse range of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, growth, survival, immune-cell trafficking, vascular and epithelial integrity, and inflammation. Recently, several studies have highlighted the pivotal role of sphingolipids in neuroinflammatory regulation. Sphingolipids have multiple functions, including induction of the expression of various inflammatory mediators and regulation of neuroinflammation by directly effecting the cells of the central nervous system. Accumulating evidence points to sphingolipid engagement in neuroinflammatory disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Abnormal sphingolipid alterations, which involves an increase in ceramide and a decrease in sphingosine kinase, are observed during neuroinflammatory disease. These trends are observed early during disease development, and thus highlight the potential of sphingolipids as a new therapeutic and diagnostic target for neuroinflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.688-699
• /
• 2007

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the SST hot water extract & ultra-fine Powder on Alzheimer's Disease Model Induced by ${\beta}$A. The effects of the SST hot water extract on expression of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2 mRNA and production of IL-l${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NO in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS). The effects of the SST hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on (1) the behavior (2) expression of IL-1${\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, MDA, (3) Glucose, AChE in serum (4) the infarction area of the hippocampus, and brain tissue injury in Alzheimer's diseased mice induced with ${\beta}$A were investigated. The SST hot water extract suppressed the expression of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-a mRNA ${\alpha}$in BV2 microglia cell line treated with LPS. The SST hot water extract suppressed the production of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NO in BV2 microglial cell line treated with LPS. The SST hot water extract & ultra-fine powder a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit was shown for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}$A in the Morris water maze experiment, which measured stop-through latency. The SST ultra-fine powder suppressed the expression of TNF-a protein significantly in the microglial cell of mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}$A. The SST hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced the MDA and suppressed the over-expression of CD68, CD11b in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}$A. The SST hot water extract & ultra-fine powder decreased AChE significantly in the serum of the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}$A. The SST hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced infarction area of hippocampus, and controlled the injury of brain tissue in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}$A. The SST hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced the tau protein, GFAP, and presenilin1, 2 of hippocampus in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}$A. These results suggest that the SST hot water extract & ultra-fine powder may be effective for the prevention and treatment of A1zheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the SST hot water extract & ultra-fine powder for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.79-115
• /
• 2002

This research investigates the effect of the Crataegus pinnatifida BGE. var. major N.E. BR(CPVM) on Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, the effects of the DYHT extract on (1) $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE), and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) mRNA of PC-12 cells treated with CTI05; (2) the AChE activity and the APP production of PC-12 cell treated with CT105; (3) the behavior; and (4) expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, reactive oxygen species(ROS), nitrite oxide(NO); and (5) the infarction area of the hippocampus, and brain tissue injury in Alzheimer's diseased mice induced with CT105 were investigated. The results are as follow. 1. The CPVM extract suppressed the expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, APP, AChE, and GFAP mRNA in PC-12 cells treated with CT105. 2. The CPVM extract suppressed the AChE activity and the production of APP significantly in PC-12 cells treated with CT105. 3. The CPVM extract group showed a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by CT105 in the Morris water maze experiment. 4. The CPVM extract suppressed the over-expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, ROS and NO in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by CT105. 5. The CPVM extract reduced the infarction area of hippocampus, and controlled the injury of brain tissue in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by CT105. These results suggest that the CPVM extract may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2019

Background: Alzheimer's dementia is the most common dementia. However, recently, choline alfoscerate is prescribed for treating Alzheimer's dementia, although it is not a treatment for this disease. Purpose: To analyze the prescription patterns of choline alfoscerate as a dementia treatment for patients with Alzheimer's disease and to analyze, as well as the factors affecting choline alfoscerate prescription. Method: The 2016 HIRA-NPS data was used in this study. The code of Alzheimer's dementia is F00 in the ICD-10 disease classification code. We analyzed the demographic, clinical, and regional characteristics associated with donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, memantine, and choline alfoscerate prescriptions. All statistical and data analyse were conducted by SAS 9.4 and Excel. Results: For patients with Alzheimer's disease, choline alfoscerate was the second most prescribed after donepezil. Analysis results showed that choline alfoscerate was more likely to be prescribed to men than to women, and more likely to be prescribed by local health centers than by medical institutions. Moreover, choline alfoscerate was highly likely to be prescribed at neurosurgical departments, among medical departments. Conclusions: This study confirmed that choline alfoscerate was prescribed considerably for patients with Alzheimer's dementia. Further studies valuating its clinical validity should be performed to clarify whether choline alfoscerate prescription is appropriate for treating Alzheimer's dementia.