• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.225-229
• /
• 2012

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the trabecular bone changes after alveolar bone grafting in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients using a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system. Materials and Methods: The occlusal radiographs taken from 50 UCLP patients were surveyed retrospectively. The images were categorized as: 50 images in group 0 (before bone grafting), 33 images in group 1 (one month after bone grafting), 24 images in group 2 (2-4 months after bone grafting), 15 images in group 3 (5-7 months after bone grafting), and 21 images in group 4 (8 or more months after bone grafting). Each image was grouped as either "non-cleft side" or "cleft side". The CAD system was used five times for each side to calculate the pixel area based on the mathematical morphology. Significant differences were found using a Wilcoxon signed ranks test or paired samples t test. Results: The pixel area showed a significant difference between the "non-cleft side" and "cleft side" in group 0 ($404.27{\pm}103.72/117.73{\pm}92.25$; p=0.00), group 1 ($434.29{\pm}86.70/388.31{\pm}109.51$; p=0.01), and group 4 ($430.98{\pm}98.11/366.71{\pm}154.59$; p=0.02). No significant differences were found in group 2 ($423.57{\pm}98.12/383.47{\pm}135.88$; p=0.06) or group 3 ($433.02{\pm}116.07/384.16{\pm}146.55$; p=0.19). Conclusion: Based on the design of this study, alveolar bone grafting was similar to normal bone within 2-7 months postoperatively.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.465-474
• /
• 1998

This study was examined on the effect of ex-vivo immunotherapy in 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis. Sprague-Dawley female 40 rats were divided into Jour groups. As a positive control, Group I was intubated with DMBA, 5 mg /100 g body weight and single dose, at experimental onset. Group II was treated ex-vivo immunotherapy with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I : C) and Group III was treated with Interleukin-2 (IL-2). Group IV was negative control. All rats were sacrificed at 16 weeks after DMBA intubation. Mammary gland wet weight, dry fat free tissue weight, incidence of tumor, and the number of lobules, alveolar buds, terminal end buds, and terminal ducts were examined. Morphological changes of the mammary gland after treated with DMBA were analyzed by whole mount and histopathological method. As results, the induced mammary tumors of Group I, II and III were 60%, 33% and 0%, respectively. Histopathological types of induced-mammary tumors were adenoma, adenocarcinoma and carcinosarcoma. In analysis of the whole mount method, the number of the terminal end buds, terminal ducts and lobules were significantly lower in Group II (p<0.01) and III (p<0.01) than DMBA alone treated Group I. In microscopic observation, hyperplastic alveolar nodules were significantly lower in Group III than Group I (p<0.01). In conclusion, IL-2 had strong inhibitory effect on the mammary gland tumorigenesis induced by DMBA in rats. Whole mount method may be a useful technique to assess the mammary carcinogenesis. Moreover, hyperplastic alveolar nodules were very sensitive parameter to assess the mammary carcinogenesis.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study was aimed to compare the survival and success rates, and long-term crestal bone loss according to the use of 2 connection types of dental implants (submerged-USII and non-submerged-SSII; Osstem $Implant^{(R)}$) by analyzing the change in alveolar bone height after 1 year under load and during final follow-up period. Materials and Methods: Between December 2004 and August 2008, patients with two types of Osstem implants (USII and SSII) were retrieved retrospectively. A total of 92 patients with 284 implants (USII=60, SSII=224) was finally selected. Their mean follow-up period was 7.5 years. The mesial and distal alveolar crestal bone changes were measured using radiographic images and the average was calculated at 1 year after loading and during final follow-up period. Result: Among the 284 implants, 4 USII and 7 SSII implants were removed, indicating 93.3% and 96.9% survival rates. Of the survived implants, mean crestal bone loss 1 year after loading was 0.39 mm for USII and 0.19 mm for SSII (P=0.018). During the final follow-up, mean crestal bone loss was 0.63 mm and 0.35 mm for USII and SSII, respectively, without statistical significance (P=0.092). According to the criteria for the success and failure of the implant by Albreksson and colleagues, final success rate was estimated as 86.7% for USII and 91.5% for SSII, respectively. Conclusion At 1 year after loading, the average crestal bone loss was significantly different between USII and SSII; however, both types met the criteria for implant success. During the final follow-up, both groups showed insignificant bone resorption patterns and did not show any pathological clinical symptoms. Therefore, both implants exhibited high long-term stability.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.183-189
• /
• 2021

Objectives: To assess the prevalence and recovery of inferior alveolar nerve dysfunction (IAND) in mandibular fractures. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. Clinical neurosensory testing was done preoperatively and the IAND was categorized as mild, moderate or severe. Postoperatively, neurosensory testing was repeated at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and every 3 months thereafter. Results: A total of 257 patients with 420 fractures were included in the study with a mean age of 31.7 years. Body fractures (95.9%) had the highest incidence of IAND, followed by the angle fractures (90.1%) and symphysis fractures (27.6%). The condyle and coronoid fractures did not have any IAND and hence were excluded from further study. After eliminating those cases, 232 patients remained in the study with 293 fractures. The overall prevalence of IAND in fractures occurring distal to the mandibular foramen was 56.3%. The changes until 1 week were minimal. From 1 month to 6 months, there was a significant reduction in the severity of IAND. A significant number of cases (60.0%) were lost to follow-up between 6 and 9 months. At 6 months, 23.9% of cases still had some form of IAND and 95.0% of the symphysis, 59.0% of the angle and 34.8% of the body fractures with IAND had become normal. Conclusion: This study documents the reduction in the degree of severity of IAND in the first six months and provides the basis for future studies with longer periods of follow-up.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.125-136
• /
• 2023

Before progress was recently made in the application of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) in bio-mechanical design, orthodontists were rarely able to intrude molars to reduce upper posterior dental height (UPDH). However, TADs are now widely used to intrude molars to flatten the occlusal plane or induce counterclockwise rotation of the mandible. Previous studies involving clinical or animal histological evaluation on changes in periodontal conditions after molar intrusion have been reported, however, studies involving human histology are scarce. This case was a Class I malocclusion with a high mandibular plane angle. Upper molar intrusion with TADs was performed to reduce UPDH, which led to counterclockwise rotation of the mandible. After 5 months of upper molar intrusion, shortened clinical crowns were noticed, which caused difficulties in oral hygiene and hindered orthodontic tooth movement. The mid-treatment cone-beam computed tomography revealed redundant bone physically interfering with buccal attachment and osseous resective surgeries were followed. During the surgeries, bilateral mini screws were removed and bulging alveolar bone and gingiva were harvested for biopsy. Histological examination revealed bacterial colonies at the bottom of the sulcus. Infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells underneath the non-keratinized sulcular epithelium was noted, with abundant capillaries being filled with red blood cells. Proximal alveolar bone facing the bottom of the gingival sulcus exhibited active bone remodeling and woven bone formation with plump osteocytes in the lacunae. On the other hand, buccal alveolar bone exhibited lamination, indicating slow bone turnover in the lateral region.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.304-309
• /
• 1992

Background: The alveolar macrophage may metabolize arachidonic acid through cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase- catalyzed pathways to produce a variety of metabolites of arachidonic acid. The production of these metabolites of arachidonic acid may enhance the defensive ability of the challenged lung. However, continued stimulation with the consequent production of proinflammtory metabolites of arachidonic acid, may ultimately enhance the disease process by contributing to chronic bronchoconstriction, fibrosis, and the persistent release of toxic oxygen species. Silicosis is an example of a disease process resulting from chronic exposure of the lung to foreign particles. This study was carried out to evaluate the changes of arachidonic acid metabolites from macrophages in experimental silicosis. Methods: We measured $PGE_2$, and $LTB_4$ in cultured macrophages taken from rats by radioimmunoassay at 24 and 48 hours after stimulation by silica dust, natural carbon dust, lipopolysaccharide, calcium ionophore (A23187) and medium (RPMI) as a control. For the experimental silicosis, 50 mg silica in 0.5 ml saline was administered intratracheally into the rat and grown to 20 weeks and measured $PGE_2$, and $LTB_4$ in the cultured macrophages lavaged from that rat. The used stimulants were the same as above. Results: 1) The amount of $PGE_2$ in the cultred macrophages from normal rat was significantly decreased in the group which was stimulated with silica dust for 48 hours compare with control non-stimulated group. 2) In the experimental silicosis group, $PGE_2$, release in cultured macrophages after 48 hours incubation with silica and natural carbon dust tended to be lower than those of non-stimulated group. 3) There were marked changes of $LTB_4$ in the groups of normal rats which were incubated with silica for 24, 48 hours and natural carbon for 48 hours compared with non-stimulated group. 4) In the experimental silicosis group, the release of $LTB_4$ was significantly increased macrophages cultured with silica and natural carbon dust after 24 and 48 hours incubation compared with non-stimulated group. Conclusion: The results of these studies suggest that the in vitro exposure of rat alveolar macrophge to silica and coal dust results in an alteration in alveolar macrophage metabolism of arachidonic acid that may promote an inflammatory reaction in lung tissue.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.34 no.2 s.103
• /
• pp.131-142
• /
• 2004

The movement of tooth-bone segments by osteotomy can simultaneously shift tooth and surrounding alveolar bone in a relatively short period. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tissue changes in pulp, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone in rapid tooth-bone movement with osteotomy. The mandibular 3rd premolar of a dog was extracted and cortical bones of the buccal and lingual area were eliminated, and then cortical bones around the mesial and distal area of root, and below the root apex of the mandibular 4th premolar were osteotomized. After a one-week latency period, a tooth-borne distraction device was activated for 6 days. And pulp, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone were evaluated clinically, radiologically, histologically and immunohistochemically at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks of the consolidation Period and conclusions were roached as follows. 1. Latency period didn't affect total amount or tooth movement and healing process of tissue during consolidation period. 2. Bone formation continued through 8 weeks of consolidation in distracted side, with a high peak at 1-2 weeks, and the lowest at 6-8 weeks or consolidation. 3. At 1 week of consolidation, alveolar bone resorption, osteoclast appearance and inflammatory cell infiltration were the most active, and dentinoclasts characteristically appeared on the pulp and pressure side of the periodontal ligament. 4. The expression of $TGF-\beta$ was area-specific, as it was strong-positive at bone matrix, osteoblast osteoclast of alveolar bone, and dentinoclast inside pulp, but weak in pulp, cementoblast and acellular cementum. 5. The expression of $TGF-\beta$ was generally observed at the initial 1-2 weeks of consolidation at vessels, periodontal ligament cells, and osteoblast near alveolar bone on the distraction side of the periodontal ligament, and was significantly decreased after 6 weeks of consolidation.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 2014

This paper investigated the effects of frequency band limitation on perceptual characteristics of Korean consonants. Monosyllabic speech (144 syllables of CV type, 56 syllables of VC type, 8 syllables of V type) produced by two announcers were low- and high-pass filtered with cutoff frequencies ranging from 300 to 5000 Hz. Six listeners with normal hearing performed perception test by types of filter and cutoff frequencies. We reported phoneme recognition rates and types of perception error of band-limited Korean consonants to examine how frequency distortion in the process of speech transmission affect listener's perception. The results showed that recognition rates varied with the following factors: position in a syllable, manner of articulation, place of articulation, and phonation types. Consonants in the final position were stronger to the frequency band limitation than those in the initial position. Fricatives and Affricates are stronger than stops. Fortis consonants were less stronger than their lenis or aspirated counterparts. Types of perception error also varied depending on such factors as consonant's place of articulation: In case of bilabial stops, they were perceived as alveolar stops with while in cases of alveolar and velar stops, there were changes in phonation types without any change in the place of articulation.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.257-262
• /
• 2010

The aim of work was to investigate changes of 7-ketocholesterol synthesis in alveolar macrophages in the dynamic of lung mechanical ventilation with injurious parameters. The goal of in vitro part of work was to observe influence of 7-ketocholesterol on iNOS and MIP1 $\beta$ production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells. We used 17 healthy domestic pigs randomly assigned into two treatment groups: group I with mechanical ventilation with physiological parameters; group II underwent injurious ventilation with high volume tidal (VT) and low positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). Cells were analyzed for CYP27A1 protein and gene expression levels, 7-ketocholesterol production. In alveolar macrophages of group II, we obtained increase of production of CYP27A1 protein and 7-ketocholesterol, as well as the expression of the CYP27A1 gene at the 2nd hour of ventilation. In the in vitro experiments we show dose-dependent increase of MIP1 $\beta$ and decrease of CYP27A1, iNOS protein production after 7-ketocholesterol treatment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 1983

For the assessment of changes in the bone architecture of the maxilla and mandible in renal osteodystrophy, 31 chronic renal failure patients who were undergoing hemodialysis therapy were selected. They were evaluated through clinical oral examination, radiographic and biochemical examination. The results were as follows: 1. In 17 cases (54.8%), there were evidences of bony change in jawbone. 2. The most common dental radiographic finding was decreased bone density (14 cases, 45.2%). 3. The second most common dental radiographic finding was total or partial loss of lamina alveolar dura (11 cases, 35.5%). 4. The third most common dental radiographic finding was total or partial loss of inferior canal wall (8 cases, 25.8%). 5 cases showed evidences of bony change only in jawbone, and 5 cases only in hand, and 12 cases in both. 6. Serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and alkaline phosphatase values in hemodialysis group were much higher than in control group. 7. There were statistically significant correlation between bone density and lamina dura, and inferior alveolar canal wall.