• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.96-103
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• 2011

It is well known that the Petasites japonicus has been used for a long time medicine for the treatment of allergic diseases such as lacquer poisoning. However, the exact components and dyeing properties of its effects is still not known. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the dyeing property and ultraviolet-cut ability of silk and nylon fabrics that was dyed variously with the Petasites japonicus. The Petasites japonicus extract was done by boiling with distilled water at $100^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. As mordanting agent, we used Aluminum potassium sulfate ($AlK(SO_4)_2{\cdot}12H_2O$), Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate ($CuSO_5{\cdot}5H_2O$), Iron(II)Chloride ($FeCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$). The best K/S value of dyeing temperature and time, all the fabrics were $100^{\circ}C$, 90min. Silk fabric was dyed yellow(0.8Y 7.6/2.2) and nylon fabric was dyed reddish yellow(10.1 YR 7.4/3.0). Silk fabric and nylon fabric was changed greenish yellow on mordanting with $CuSO_5{\cdot}5H_2O$ and $FeCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$ respectively. And the colorfastness of washing and dry-cleaning was improved by using mordanting agent(4~5 grade). Ultraviolet-cut ability(UV-B) was showed more 90% in dyed nylon fabrics.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.84-95
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• 2014

Objective : Ephedra sinica (ES) has has been used as remedy of allergic diseases for a long time in Korea. In the present study, we investigated the anti-allergic effects of ES on experimental allergic asthma mouse model using ovalbumin (OVA). Methods : BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with 100 ug of OVA and 1 mg of aluminum potassium sulfate of 0.2 ml phosphate-buffered saline(PBS) intraperitoneally on day 1 and 15. mice were challenged on 3 consecutive days with 5% OVA and AHR was assessed 24 h after the last challenge. we examined the lung histology, airway hyper sensitivity, total inflammatory cell count in bronchoaveloar lavage fluid(BALF), Th2-associated cytokines production and IgE production. Results : ES potently inhibited the lung damage and the development of Penh. ES also reduced the number of BAL cells during OVA-induced allergic asthma. Furthermore, ES inhibited cytokines production such as IL-4, IL-13 productions, and IgE level of serum. Conclusion : These results suggest that ES may inhibit the production of IL-4, IL-13, IgE and infiltration of inflammatory cell and be beneficial oriental medicine for allergic asthma.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.96-105
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• 2014

Objective : Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch (GUF) has been used as remedy of allergic diseases for a long time in Korea. In the present study, we investigated the anti-allergic effects of GUF on experimental allergic asthma mouse model using ovalbumin (OVA). Methods : BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with 100 ug of OVA and 1 mg of aluminum potassium sulfate of 0.2 ml phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) intraperitoneally on day 1 and 15. Mice were challenged on 3 consecutive days with 5% OVA and AHR was assessed 24 hrs after the last challenge. We examined total inflammatory cell number in bronchoaveloar lavage fluid (BALF), Th2-associated cytokine productions and lung histology. Results : GUF potently inhibited the development of airway hypersensitivity and also reduced the number of BAL cells during OVA-induced allergic asthma. GUF also inhibited cytokine productions such as IL-4, IL-13 in lung tissue. Furthermore, GUF treatment inhibited allergic airway inflammation. Conclusion : These results suggest that GUF may inhibit the production of IL-4, IL-13 and infiltration of inflammatory cell and be beneficial oriental medicine for allergic asthma.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.33-44
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• 1988

For the purpose of examining the effects of simulated acid rain on the chemical properties of the experimental soil in Pinus densiflora seedlings and Forsythia koreana rooted cuttings, the experimental design of randomized block arrangement with three replications was implemented in the experimental field of Yesan National Agricultural Junior College. One-year-old Pinus densiflora seedlings and Forsythia koreana cuttings were planted in the pots filled the mixed soils (nursery soil: forest soil of siliceous sandy loam = 1 : V/V)in the early spring of 1985. The regime of artificil acid rain, in terms of spray frequency per monthly and spray amount at single treatment per plot, was simulated on the basis of climatological data averaged from 30 years records. Simulated acid rain (pH 2.0, pH4.0, and pH 5.5 as control) containing sulfuric and nitric acid in the ratio of 3:2 (chemical equivalant basis) diluted ground water, were treated on the experimental plants under condition of cutting off the natural precipitation with vinyl tunnel, during the growing season (May 1 to August 31) in 1985. THe results obtained in this study were as follows; 1. Soil acidity was dropped, and exchangeable aluminum contents in the soil was dramatically increased in both species, with decreasing pH levels of acid rain. 2. Exchangeable potassium, clacium, magnesium contents, and base saturation degree of the soil were highly drcreased in two species as the pH levels of acid rain decreased. 3. In two species, sulfate concentrations in the soil were decreased of pH 4.0 treatment, and remarkably increased at pH 2.0 treatment of acid rain in comparison with control. 4. Total nitrogen and available phosphate contents of the soil were not affected by acid rain treatment in the both species, and Fe contents at pH 2.0 treatment were highest among three acid rain treatments.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제76권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1987

잣나무(Pinus koraiensis) 파종상(播種床)에 인공산성우(人工酸性雨)로 처리(處理)하고 생장(生長), 엽내함유성분(葉內含有成分) 그리고 배지(培地) 토양(土壤)의 화학적(化學的) 성질(性質)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 산도수준(酸度水準)에 따라 평가(評價)하였다. 잣나무 종자(種子)를 1985년(年) 봄에 묘포토양(苗圃土壤)을 채운 pot에 파종(播種)하고, 해당지역(該當地域)의 30년간(年間)의 강우양식(降雨樣式)에 모의(模擬)(simulation)해서, 황산(黃酸)과 질산(窒酸)의 비율(比率)을 3:2로 혼합(混合)하여 지하수(地下水)로 희석(稀釋)한 pH 4.0 및 pH 2.0의 산성우(酸性雨)와 지하수(地下水)(pH 6.5)를 5월(月)부터 8월(月)까지 4개월간(個月間)에 걸쳐 살포(撒布)하고, 동년(同年) 10월(月) 30일(日) 시료(試料)를 채취(採取)하여 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같았다; 1) 잣나무 파종묘(播種苗)의 엽내함유성분(葉內含有成分)의 함량(含量)은 산성우(酸性雨)의 pH 값이 저하(低下)됨에 따라 S와 $K_2O$는 증가(增加)를, MgO 와 $P_2O_5$는 감소(減少)되었다. 2) 산성우(酸性雨)의 pH 값이 낮아짐에 따라 토양산도(土壤酸度)는 저하(低下)되었고, 치환성(置換性) Al 함량(含量)은 크게 증가(增加)하는 상반(相反)된 반응(反應)을 보였다. 3) 토양(土壤)의 치환성(置換性) Ca, Mg 및 K의 함량(含量)과 염기총량(鹽基總量), 염기포화도(鹽基飽和度)는 산성우(酸性雨)의 pH 값이 낮아짐에 따라 현저(顯著)하게 감소(減少)되었다. 4) 토양내(土壤內) sulfate 함량(含量)은 산성우(酸性雨)의 pH 값이 저하(低下) 될수록 크게 증가(增加)하였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2013

The recycling of coal bottom ash generated from coal power plants in Korea has been limited due to heterogenous characteristics of the materials. The most common management option for the ash is disposal in landfills (i.e. ash pond) near ocean. The presence of large coarse and fine materials in the ash has prompted the desire to beneficially use it in an application such as fill materials. Prior to reuse application as fill materials, the potential risks to the environment must be assessed with regard to the impacts. In this study, a total of nine test cells with bottom ash samples collected from pretreated bottom ash piles and coal ash pond in a coal-fired power plant were constructed and operated under the field conditions to evaluate the leachability over a period of 210 days. Leachate samples from the test cells were analyzed for a number of chemical parameters (e.g., pH, salinity, electrical conductance, anions, and metals). The concentrations of chemicals detected in the leachate were compared to appropriate standards (drinking water standard) with dilution attenuation factor, if possible, to assess potential leaching risks to the surrounding area. Based on the leachate analysis, most of the samples showed slightly high pH values for the coal ash contained test cells, and contained several ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, and nitrate in relatively large quantities. Three elements (aluminum, boron, and barium) were commonly detected above their respective detection limits in a number of leachate samples, especially in the early leaching period of time. The results of the test cell study indicate that the pollutants in the leachate from the coal ash test cells were not of a major concern in terms of leaching risk to surface water and groundwater under field conditions as fill materials. However, care must be taken in extending these results to actual applications because the results presented in this study are based on the limited field test settings and time frame. Structural characteristics and analysis for coal bottom ash may be warranted to apply the materials to actual field conditions.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1033-1044
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• 2015

조선시대 김치는 재료를 가열하여 담그는 김치가 많았다. 소금이 비쌌기 때문에 소금과 시간을 절약하기 위하여 채소를 가열하여 세포벽을 파괴하는 방법을 사용한 것이다. 그러나 현재는 맥이 끊겨 있기 때문에 본 논문에서 조선시대 김치 조리서를 분석하여 가열하여 담그는 김치를 밝혔다. 그 결과, 재료를 데쳐서 담그는 김치는 27가지였다. 김치가 무르는 것을 방지하기 위하여 재료를 백반물에 담그는 김치는 2가지, 재료를 석회물에 데쳐서 담그는 김치는 3가지였다. 재료를 식초로 가열하여 담그는 김치는 7가지, 재료를 삶아서 담그는 김치는 5가지, 재료를 볶아서 담그는 김치는 6가지, 재료를 소금에 볶아서 담그는 김치는 2가지, 재료를 쪄서 담그는 김치는 3가지였다. 잡균을 죽이고 유산균만 잘 번식하게 하기 위하여 끓인 담금액을 부어서 담그는 김치는 25가지였다. 말똥이나 두엄으로 김칫독을 가열하여 숙성시키는 김치는 17가지였다. 치아와 소화력이 좋지 않은 노인을 위한 익혀 담그는 김치는 7가지였고, 그 중 3가지가 숙깍두기였다. 노인용 김치인 채김치 3가지와 채깍두기 3가지도 있었다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.74-91
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• 2015

Background and Objective : Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease at the mucosa and is associated with excess production of Th2 cytokine and eosinophil accumulation in lung.Gamchomahwang-tangextract(GME) is one of the well known prescription used in oriental medicine for treating asthma. This study was designed to compare the anti-asthmatic effect of GME according to the ratio of 2 compounds.Methods : To examine the effects of GME on asthma, mice were sensitized with 100 ㎍ of OVA and 1 ㎎ of aluminum potassium sulfate(Alum; Sigma) intraperitoneally on day 1 and 15. From day 22, mice were challenged on 3 consecutive days with 5% OVA. The anti-asthmatic effects of GME were evaluated by enhanced pause(Penh), bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), inflammatory cytokine production and genes expression, serum IgE production. and histological change in lung tissue. GMEⅠ consists of ES and GU in the proportion 2:1(300 ㎎/㎏ group), GMEⅡ consist of ES and GU in the proprtion 4:1(300 ㎎/㎏ group).Results : GMEⅠ,Ⅱ generally inhibited lung inflammation, inflammatory cells infiltration and cytokine production and gene expression such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF and serum IgE level. GMEⅡ significantly reduced the cytokine production and gene expression such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF and GMEⅠ decreased cytokine production of IL-4, IL-13 in BALF and gene expression of IL-4, IL-5 in Lung. GMEⅡ potently inhibited the development of Penh and also reduced the number of eosinophil during OVA-induced AHR(airway hyper-reactivity). Overall the results show that GMEⅡ has more effect on inhibiting production, gene expression of cytokine, serum IgE level and development of Penh than GMEⅠ. Consequently, GMEⅡ might be more effective than GMEⅠ at inhibiting allergic asthma on the OVA-induced mice model.Conclusion : These results indicate that GME has a deep inhibitory effects on airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in mice model of asthma and that suppression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 expression and decrease of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 production in BALF might contribute this effect. Hence, the results indicate that GME might be useful herbal medicine of allergic asthma. As a result, GMEⅡ mght be superior to GMEⅠ in the aspect of anti-asthmatic effect on the OVA-induced mice model.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2004

본 시험은 깔짚에 3가지 화학제재($FeSO_4,\;AlCl_3\;+\;CaCO_3$ 및 $KMnO_4$)를 처리하였을 때 육계 생산성에 대한 영향과 계사내 암모니아, 이산화탄소 발생량에 대한 6주 동안의 변화와 저감 효과를 규명하기 위해서 수행하였다. 사양시험은 육계 초생추 총 96수(6처리$\times$4반복$\times$4수)를 공시하여 42일 동안 실시하였다. 화학제재는 깔짚 kg당 $FeSO_4$ $\cdot$ $7H_2O$ 200 g, $AlCl_3$ $\cdot$ $6H_2O$ 200 g + $CaCO_3$ 50 g 및 $KMnO_4$ 비율로 top dressing하였으며 대조구는 화학제재를 첨가하지 않았다. 육계 생산성은 화학제재 처리구와 대조구 간에 유의차가 없었다. 그러나 대조구와 비교한 $FeSO_4$와 $AlCl_3$+$CaCO_3$ 처리구의 암모니아 발생량은 6주째에서 각각 $91\%$와 $53\%$가 감소되었고(P<0.05), $KMnO_4$ 처리구의 암모니아 발생량은 대조구보다 6주째에서 $69\%$ 감소되어 통계적 유의차를 보였다(P<0.05). 깔짚에서 생성된 이산화탄소 발생량은 $AlCl_3+CaCO_3$와 $KMnO_4$ 처리구가 대조구와 비교할 때 6주째에서 각각 $59\%$와 $65\%$ 감소되었다(P<0.01). 결론적으로 깔짚에 화학제재를 처리했을 경우 암모니아와 이산화탄소 가스 발생량은 현저하게 감소되며, 육계생산성에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.780-787
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• 2006

본 연구진은 일차로 BALB/C 마우스를 이용하여 항원으로 ovalbumin을 사용하여 천식을 유발하여 폐 내 세포구성에 미치는 영향을 다른 실험방법에 의해 만들어진 천식모델과 비교하여 살펴보았고 이차로 천식 발생에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려진 IL-4와 IL-10 knock out (KO) 마우스를 이용하여 천식모델을 구축하여 천식인자를 가진 개체에서의 반응과 천식관련인자가 결핍된 개체에서의 반응성의 차이를 살펴보았다. 천식의 유발은 실험 1일째 $20\;{\mu}g$ ovalbumin으로 감작시킨 후 실험 14일에 재감작을 시켰다. 그 후 nebulizer를 이용하여 nasal inhalation을 28일, 29일, 30일에 실시하여 천식을 유발시켰다. 천식 유발의 확인은 기관지폐포 세척술로 채취한 폐 내 세포액을 이용하여 총 세포수 및 염증세포의 증가와 폐 내 세포와 폐조직의 염색을 통해 분포율을 확인하였다. 천식의 발병 과정에서 IgE 관련 과민반응을 주도하는 IL-4와 Th2 세포의 기능을 억제한다고 알려진 IL-10의 면역화학염색을 통해 그 발현정도를 관찰하였다. BALB/c 마우스의 천식유발군의 경우 천식의 특징인 염증세포의 증가와 호산구의 증가와 세기관지 주위 염증세포의 침윤 및 기도 상피의 비후를 관찰할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 실험에 응용된 천식유발 방법은 적합하였으며 천식유발 절차가 성공적으로 수행되었음을 확인하였다. IL-4 및 IL-10 KO 마우스를 이용한 천식유발군의 경우 BALB/c 마우스를 이용한 천식유발군보다 호산구의 증가 정도가 미약하게 관찰되었고, 폐조직 내 염증세포의 침윤 정도도 감소하였다. 천식매개인자인 IL-4와 IL-10의 면역조직화학염색 결과에서도 양성반응이 거의 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구 결과, IL-10이 IL-4와 같이 천식과 관련하여 세기관지 염증 반응을 증가시키는 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다.