• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1131-1137
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• 1997

팽창제 종류에 따른 시간별 가스 발생 속도 및 쿠키 텍스쳐에 대하여 살펴보았다. 본 실험에 사용된 가스 발생 장치에 의해서도 가스 발생 속도에 따라 크게 3타입으로 구분할 수 있었으며 이는 소암모늄명반을 제외하고는 문헌의 결과와 일치하였다. 속효성 평창제로는 주석산, 주석영, 후말산, 소암모늄명반이었고 이단 반응성 팽창제로는 산성피로인산나트륨, 무수모노인산칼슘, 소명반이었으며, 지효성 팽창제로는 중탄산암모늄, 중탄산나트륨, 글루코노-델타-락톤, 염화암모늄 등이었다. 제품 팽창률이 가장 높았던 것은 중탄산암모늄이었고 후미 면에서 가장 깨끗한 것은 글루코노-델타-락톤이었다. 팽창률이 높을수록 texture profile graph상에서 multi-peak를 나타내어 brittleness가 뛰어났으며 단순회귀분석에 의해, 팽창률과 brittleness간에 상관관계가 있음을 입증하였다$(r^2=0.8176)$. 중탄산암모늄을 사용한 쿠키 제품의 brittleness가 가장 높았다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.1158-1164
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• 1998

깁사이트를 황산수용액에 용해하여 제조된 황산알루미늄 용액에 에틸알코올을 사용하여 결정을 석출시킨 후 여과, 건조를 통하여 수황산알루미늄 결정 [$Al_2(SO_4)_3$ · $nH_2O$]을 제조하였다. XRD분석 결과 수황산알루미늄에 포함된 결정수는 n=18, 16, 12, 0이었으며, TG분석 결과 평균결정수($n_{av}$)는 14.7이었다. 수황산알루미늄을 열처리한 결과 $800^{\circ}C$에서는 무수황산알루미늄, $900^{\circ}C$와 $1000^{\circ}C$에서는 $\gamma-Al_2O_3$, $1200^{\circ}C$에서는 $\alpha-Al_2O_3$의 생성을 확인할 수 있었다. $\gamma-Al_2O_3$에 니켈피착을 위하여 0.025M농도의 황산알루미늄과 황산니켈을 사용하고 $Ni^{+2}$ 이온과 $Al^{+3}$ 이온의 농도비가 0.5인 혼합용액을 제조한 후 $\gamma-Al_2O_3$ 분말을 혼합하여 슬러리를 제조하였다 제조된 혼합슬러리에 우레아와 $NH_4OH$수용액을 첨가하여 pH를 9.0로 조절하고 $80^{\circ}C$에서 니켈피착을 하였으며, 니켈피착의 진행사항은 ORP(oxidation reduction potential), 전도도 그리고 pH값을 측정하여 관찰하였다. 니켈량에 따른 니켈피착 $\gamma-Al_2O_3$의 특성을 조사하기 위하여 피착된 $\gamma-Al_2O_3$를 $900^{\circ}C$에서 열처리하고 비표면적 변화와 열확산도를 측정하였다. 또한 $1250^{\circ}C$에서 니켈피착 $\gamma-Al_2O_3$의 열안정성은 비표면적과 XRD의 결정상변화로 확인하였다 니켈피착 $\gamma-Al_2O_3$의 표면은 XPS분석으로 Ni $2P_{3/2}$의 화학결합에너지의 변화를 확인한 결과 $NiAl_2O_4$, 상의 화학결합에너지가 증가되었다. 본 연구 결과로 니켈피착 $\gamma-Al_2O_3$가 순수 $\gamma-Al_2O_3$에 비하여 열적 안정성을 지닌 것으로 확인 되었다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 세륨연마재 폐슬러리 건조분말로부터 세륨을 포함한 희토류성분과 알루미늄을 분리하고자 하였다. 출발원료인 세륨연마재 폐슬러리 건조분말의 희토류 중에는 산화세륨이 전체 희토류 성분의 약 40% 정도 함유되어 있는데, 산화세륨은 희토류원소들 중에서 가장 안정된 형태로 이에 대한 분해가 용이하지 않다. 그러므로 황산화반응을 이용하여 산화세륨을 분해하므로써 희토류의 분리ㆍ회수율을 향상시키고자 하였으며, 침출용액으로부터 희토류와 알루미늄을 분리하기 위하여, 희토류 원소들은 황산매질에서 황산나트륨과 반응하여 황산나트륨희토류(ReㆍNa($SO_4$)$_2$)를 형성하면서 침전되는 특성을 이용하였으며 쉽게 희토류와 알루미늄을 분리할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.15-24
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• 1984

The $3{\times}3{\times}30\;cm^3$ sized specimens of Douglas-fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii) and western hemlock(Tsuga heterophylla) in this study were soaked in four fire-retardant solutions of ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, and aluminium chloride for 1, 24, 72, 168, and 336 hours. Subsequently they were air-dried and burned at high temperature of ca. $1,800^{\circ}C$ and for short time of 5 minutes. This study estimated the relationship between the adsorbed chemicals and the residual weight ratio or residual bending strength of these partly burned lumbers. The results were as follows; 1) In average amount of chemical adsorption, diammonium phosphate showed the largest and aluminium chloride the smallest regardless of species but monoammonium phosphate was larger in Douglas-fir than that of western hemlock. 2) The amount of chemical adsorption was larger in western hemlock than Douglas-fir on the whole. 3) The amount of chemical adsorption was increased with the increase of soaking time but the rate of increase began to decrease at 200hrs. 4) Residual weight ratios showed no difference between species but showed differences among the chemicals treated i.e. monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and aluminium chloride in turn from the largest to the smallest. 5) MOR values showed linear increase with the increase of residual weight ratios but showed no difference in species and chemicals respectively. 6) In the relationship between amount of chemical adsorption and MOR, only diammonium phosphate showed the curve of secondary degree with significance in Douglas-fir. 7) The MOE value of burned Douglas-fir lumber increased and showed significance of 99% as the adsorbed chemical amount increased, but among the chemicals only monoammonium phosphate showed significance. The MOE value of burned western hemlock lumber didn't show significance. 8) In only Douglas-fir, the correlation between adsorbed chemical amount and work to proportional limit showed significance in only monoammonium phosphate. And in both Douglas-fir and western hemlock, the correlation between adsorbed chemicals and work to maximum load showed significance in monoammonium phosphate.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.278-286
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• 1995

토양(土壤)에 축적(蓄積)되어 있는 난용성(難溶性) 인산염(燐酸鹽)을 이용(利用)하고자 인산염(燐酸鹽) 가용화능(可溶化能)을 가지고 있는 Pseudomonas putida, Penicillium속(屬) 및 Aspergillus niger를 우리 나라 주요(主要) 경작지(耕作地) 토양(土壤)에서 분리(分離)하여 이들 균(菌)의 용해능(溶解能)을 측정(測定)하였다. 인산염(燐酸鹽) 용해량(溶解量)은 배지내(培地內)의 pH 저하(低下)와 밀접(密接)한 관계(關係)를 가지고 있었다. Pseudomonas putida, Penicillium속(屬)에 비(比)해 Aspergillus niger의 인산염(燐酸鹽) 가용화능(可溶化能)이 높았다. Aspergillus niger에 의한 인산염(燐酸鹽) 종류별(種類別) 최대(最大) 가용화량(可溶化量)은 질소원(窒素源)이 $KNO_3$일 때는 aluminium phosphate 776ppm, hydroxyapatite 665ppm, tai-calcium phosphate 593ppm이었으며 인광석(燐鑛石)은 질소원(窒素源)이 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$일 때 411ppm이었다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2020

Recently, as the demand for masks increases, the use of filter-replaceable cotton masks is increasing. A filter-replaceable cotton mask is one of the ways to solve the environmental problems of a disposable nonwoven mask because only the filter can be replaced after washing. Cotton fiber products are known to be environmentally friendly, but cotton products dyed with general synthetic dyes are not safe for humans. In this study, to prepare of cotton mask applied with natural dyeing, the optimal dyeing conditions are set when dyeing with gallnut extract. A polychromatic natural dye that changes color by mordant, and the functionalities of gallnut dyeing fabrics are evaluated. The experimental method is dyed the gallnut by temperature and time by concentration to set the optimal conditions. The color fastness rating grade of aluminium potassium sulfate dodecahydrate, copper(ll) sulfate pentahydrate, and iron(ll) chloride tetrahydrate were evaluated after the pre/post mordanting.

• 한국염색가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국염색가공학회 2012년도 제46차 학술발표회
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• pp.121-121
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• 2012

To evaluate the Hwangsu spring as natural mordants effect on dyeing. The natural mordant effect of Hwangsu spring was analyzed by pH, temperature, trace elements and organic matter. Hwangsu spring having pH 2.42 and $14.4^{\circ}C$ was harvested at the end of September, 2011, in Yeongcheon(Gyeongbuk Province, Korea) and left on a $0^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ before use. The Result of ICP analysis, it contain bned Fe(414.9 ppm), Al(88.9 ppm), Mn(4.9 ppm). Dyeing and post-mordant procedure; Fabrics(cotton, silk, rayon) were dyed with natural colorants(Sopbora Japonica L., Caesalpinia sappan L., Allium cepa L.) for 20 min at $80^{\circ}C$. Hwangsu spring, aluminium sulfate $14-18H_2O(Al_2(SO_4)_3{\cdot}14-18H_2O)$, iron sulfate peptahydrate($FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$), copper sulfate pentahydrate($CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$) were used by post mordants. But in the case of Caesalpinia sappan L. was dyed after pre-mordanting with Al(II). The fabrics were dyed with each mordant solutions at $25^{\circ}C$ for 10min. The colorless also was measured by color-differnce meter. Comparison with a synthetic mordants, the K/S values of cotton fabrics dyed with Hwangsu sping were increased.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.216-226
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• 2018

The combination dyeing have been attempted to get the various color. The objective of this research was to study the color developing effects on cotton fabrics dyed with persimmon, catechu and combination of the both by heat treatment process. These dye were applied on bleached cotton fabrics for the dyeing before post mordanting with aluminium potassium sulfate, copper sulfate, and iron sulfate. The various color changes on cotton fabric were measured by color spectrophotometer. The heat treatment of temperature around $150^{\circ}C$ for an hour can reach the highest color developing. The dyed fabrics with mordanting were heated for specific time period, which was compared without the mordanting. The post mordanted fabrics showed that more various colors can be obtained using combination dyeing. K/S values of dyed fabrics with Al, Fe, and Cu mordants were higher than the cases without mordants. The Cu mordanted fabric showed very effective color developing by the heating process. The fabrics dyed with catechu lowered L* value with little changes in a* and b* values, while the a* and b* values became higher with heat treatment. The fabrics dyed with persimmon has the lowest L* value and more changes in a*, b* value with heating process. Therefore, K/S values can be increased effectively by the combination dyeing of persimmon and catechu. Colorfastness to washing in color change was grade 2-3 in non-mordanted fabric, and grade 3 in mordanted fabric. Lightfastness of the dyed fabrics was above grade 4.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 1996년도 학술발표회
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• pp.62-67
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• 1996

The smouldering combustion of cellulose Insulation treated with boric acid - borax - aluminium sulfate as combustion retardants are examined by candle type combustibility tester. The flammability behavior of combustion process is LOI, Smouldering region, Smouldering, Flamming spread region and Flame spread region. In this experiment, Particle size of four examined LOI, L.Point, H.Point, at the biggest size show high LOI. The surface area is connected with thermal conduction. The phenomena of combustion transition are governed by quantity of combustible gas generation in heating zone of cellulose insulation.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2009년도 춘계 학술대회 제21권1호
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• pp.323-324
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• 2009

본 연구는 혼합시멘트를 제조함에 있어 경제성, 우수한 강도특성을 갖는 활성화제의 개발이 주가되며, 특유의 단점들을 극복할 수 있는 혼합시멘트의 혼합재 함량을 증대시킬 수 있는 방법이 개발하는데 그 목적을 두었다.