• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.82-88
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 fine ceramics의 합성법을 traditional ceramics 합성에 적용하여 합성한 내화재료용 mullite에 광화제를 첨가함으로서 광화제가 mullite 생성에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자 한다. 출발물질로 하동 kaolin과 boehmite를 사용하였으며, 여기에 광화제로 MnO와 TiO2를 액상으로 첨가하였다. 그 결과 3.5 wt% MnO를 첨가한 경우, 1,25$0^{\circ}C$에서 미반응 silica와 alumina가 존재하지 않는 단일상의 mullite를 합성할 수 있었으며, TiO2 첨가시 2~3.5wt% MnO의 경우 mullite 생성 온도를 약 10$0^{\circ}C$ 낮출 수 있었다. 이때의 mullite 생성율은 1$650^{\circ}C$에서 84%이며, 부피 비중과 흡수율 및 상온에서 꺾임강도는 각각 2.72, 0.27%, 180MPa을 나타내어 광화제를 첨가하지 않은 경우보다 특성도 향상함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2009년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.43-46
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to enhance durability of concrete structures that uses this surface protecting material by carrying out the performance test of the surface protecting material of concrete, and as s result, we reached out the conclusion as follow. 1. As a result of the test measuring the stability and adhesive power of conductive film against ultraviolet, freezing & thawing, and damage from seawater that deteriorate the surface protecting material, it was turned out to meet the performance criteria specifying in the KS standard enough to gain a good evaluation to use as a surface protecting material. 2. As a result of the test identifying the neutralization-furtherance, it was assessed to be capable of protecting effectively concrete structures from carbonic acid gas by a very low depth of 0.1mm of neutralization. 3. As a result of the test identifying Penetrated Resistance Properties of chloride ion, as it was turned out to have a very low value of 819 Coulombs, it was assessed that even in the environment where the corrosion by chloride such sea environment is very affective, the film can effectively protect the concrete structure. 4. As a result of the test identifying freezing & thawing, as there was no change in reduction of mass after 400 cycle, it was assessed that the film has a good resistance against freezing & thawing. According to the results of study above, it is expected that this technology can extend its durability of concrete structure and be widely used for concrete structure through means (methods) to prevent the neutralization and damage from seawater as original purposes of the surface protecting material.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

Recently, the brittle materials such as ceramics, glass, sapphire and textile material have been widely used in semiconductors, aerospace and automobile owing to high functional characteristics. On the other hand, it has the characteristics of difficult-to-cut material relative to all materials. In this study, diamond electro-deposited band-saw machine was developed to operate stably using water-coolant type through relative motion between band-saw tool and $Al_2O_3$ material. High densified $Al_2O_3$ material was manufactured by spark plasma sintering method. The bulk density was observed by the Archimedes law and the theoretical density was estimated to be $3.88g/cm^3$ and its hardness 14.7 MPa. From the dicing sawing test of $Al_2O_3$ specimen, behavior of surface roughness and band-saw wear are dominantly affected by the increase of the band-saw linear velocity. Additionally, an continuous pattern type of diamond band-saw was a very effective due to entry impact as a one-off for brittle material.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.1120-1126
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• 2003

알루미나 분말을 분쇄하면서 Y 수화물을 동시에 침전시켜 YAG 분말을 합성하였다. 하소 분말 (l20$0^{\circ}C$, 4 h)에는 YAG 외에 소량의 YAM이 남아 있었다. 그러나 평균 입경 0.57 $\mu$m으로 분쇄한 분말 성형체에서는 산화물 혼합법에서 YAG 단일상이 얻어지는 온도 (l500∼1$600^{\circ}C$) 보다 훨씬 낮은 130$0^{\circ}C$ 에서 YAG 단일상이 이미 형성되었다. 분말의 소결성은 우수하여 소결조제 SiO$_2$(350 ppm Si) 의 첨가에 관계없이 치밀화가 잘 일어났다. SiO$_2$를 첨가하지 않은 경우, 1$600^{\circ}C$에서 98%의 손결밀도를 얻었다. SiO$_2$를 첨가한 경우에는 150$0^{\circ}C$에서 치밀화가 더 잘 일어나 97.7%의 소결밀도가 얻어졌으며, 1$600^{\circ}C$에서는 SiO$_2$의 소결촉진 효과가 나타나지 않아 밀도는 SiO$_2$를 첨가하지 않은 시편과 비슷하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1283-1284
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• 2007

The barium strontium calcium titanate((Ba,Sr,Ca)$TiO_3$) powders prepared by the sol-gel method and $MnCO_3$ as acceptor were mixed oxide method. The microstructure was investigated with variation of $Pr_{2}O_{3}$ amount. The BSCT powder and $Pr_{2}O_{3}$ were mixed with organic vehicle(Ferro. B75001). BSCT thick films were fabricated by the screen-printing method on alumina substrates. The bottom electrode was Pt and upper electrode was Ag, respectively. All BSCT thick films were sintered at $1420^{\circ}C$, for 2h. The result of the differential thermal analysis(DTA), exothermic peak at around $654^{\circ}C$ due to the formation of the polycrystalline perovskite phase. In the X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns, all BSCT thick films showed the typical perovskite polycrystalline structure and no pyrochlore phase was dbserved. The microstructure investigated by scanning electron microscope(SEM). Pore and grain size of BSCT thick films were decreased with increasing amount of $Pr_{2}O_{3}$ dopant. And the average grain size and thickness of BSCT thick films doped with 0.1 mol% $Pr_{2}O_{3}$ was $3.09{\mu}m$, $60{\mu}m$, respectively. The relative dielectric constant decreased and dielectric loss decreased with increasing amount of $Pr_{2}O_{3}$ dopant, the values of the BSCT thick films no doped with $Pr_{2}O_{3}$ were 7443 and 4 % at 1 kHz, respectively.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.560-566
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• 2007

AlN plates were fabricated by hot pressing at $1700-1900^{\circ}C$ using yttria and alumina (3 and $10\;{\mu}m$ particle size) powders as additives and characterized: density, thermal conductivity, transverse rupture strength, and grain size measurement by SEM and EDS. Density values of $3.31-3.34\;g/cm^3$ are largely attributed to hot pressing of powder mixtures in carbon mold under $N_2$ atmosphere which caused effective degree of oxygen removal from yttrium-aluminate phase expected to form at $1100^{\circ}C$. The grain size of hot pressed AlN was almost homogeneous, with size approximately from 3.2 to $4.0\;{\mu}m$ after hot pressing. $Al_2O_3$ powder of $3\;{\mu}m$ particle size resulted in better transverse rupture strength and finer grain size compared to $10\;{\mu}m$ $Al_2O_3$ powder. The thermal conductivity of AlN ranged between $83-92.7\;W/m{\cdot}K$ and decreased with $Al_2O_3$ addition. Fine grain size is preferred for better mechanical properties and thermal conductivity.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.719-724
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• 2018

Cordierite composed of an alumina-silica-magnesia compound has a low coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE) and excellent thermal shock resistance. It also has a low dielectric constant and high electrical insulation. However, due to low mechanical strength, it is limited for use in a ceramic heater. In this study, $ZrO_2$ is added to an 80 wt% cordierite-20 wt% mullite composition, and the effect of $ZrO_2$ addition on the mechanical strength and thermal shock resistance is investigated. With an increasing addition of $ZrO_2$, cordierite-mullite formed $ZrO_2$, $ZrSiO_4$ and spinel phases. With sintering conducted at $1400^{\circ}C$ with the addition of 5 wt% $ZrO_2$ to 80 wt% cordierite-20 wt% mullite, the most dense microstructure forms along with an excellent mechanical strength with a 3-point flexural strength of 238MPa. When this composition is quenched in water at ${\Delta}T=400^{\circ}C$, the 3-point flexural strength is maintained. Moreover, when this composition is cooled from $800^{\circ}C$ to air, the 3-point flexural strength is maintained even after 100 cycles. In addition, the CTE is measured as $3.00{\times}10^{-6}{\cdot}K^{-1}$ at $1000^{\circ}C$. Therefore, 80 wt% cordierite-20 wt% mullite with 5 wt% $ZrO_2$ is considered to be appropriate as material for a ceramic heater.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

현대 치의학에서는 환자의 심미적 만족을 충족시키기 위한 지속적인 관심으로 완전 도재관의 발전을 가져왔다. 최근의 연구 결과들은 완전 도재관의 물리적 성질과 마모 저항성, 색조의 안정성 등을 보고하고 있다. 이와 같이 여러 장점이 많음에도 불구하고 아직 파절에 대한 저항성에는 많은 의문점을 내포하고 있다. 구강 내에서 기능적인 교합력은 수복물의 변연에 응력을 주게된다. 이러한 응력은 주변 조직으로 잘 분산되어져야 하는데, 수복물의 변연 형태에 따라 다른 양상을 보여주게 된다. 변연 형태는 수복물의 부피와 모양, 그리고 변연에서의 적합도에도 영향을 주게 된다. 본 연구에서는 완전 도재관에서의 변연 형태에 따른 응력 분포를 3차원 유한 요소 분석법을 이용하여 조사하였다. 상악 중절치가 기본 모델로 사용되었고, 완전 도재관을 재현하였다. 변연 형태로는 $90^{\circ}$ shoulder, $110^{\circ}$ shoulder, $135^{\circ}$ shoulder형태를 부여하고, 100N의 힘을 치축에 $45^{\circ}$ 방향으로 가하였다. 그 결과 도재 내부의 응력 분포는 $90^{\circ}$, $110^{\circ}$ 모델에 비해 변연 각도가 $135^{\circ}$인 모델의 경우가 응력의 분포가 고르게 나타났다. 그러나 변연에서는 $90^{\circ}$와 $110^{\circ}$ 모델의 응력보다 조금 더 집중되었다. $90^{\circ}$와 $110^{\circ}$ 모델의 비교시는 대체로 비슷했다. 알루미나 코아 내부의 응력 분포에서도 또한 $135^{\circ}$인 모델이 $90^{\circ}$와 $110^{\circ}$ 모델의 응력분포보다 더 잘 분포되었다. $90^{\circ}$와 $110^{\circ}$ 모델의 비교시는 $110^{\circ}$가 $90^{\circ}$ 모델에 비해 더 좋은 응력분포를 보였다. 알루미나 코아와 접착제 사이의 계면에서는 응력이 변연으로 갈수록 감소하고, 알루미나 코아와 도재 사이의 계면에서는 변연으로 갈수록 응력이 점차 증가하였다. $135^{\circ}$ shoulder는 고른 응력분포임에도 변연에서의 응력 집중이 나타나므로 완전 도재관의 변연으로는 적절하지 못하며, $90^{\circ}$ shoulder보다 상대적으로 좋은 응력분포와 변연 형성의 용이성이 우세한 $110^{\circ}$ shoulder가 완전 도재관의 변연에 추천될 수 있겠다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2002

초기 물질은 $SnCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$와 $C_2H_5OH$를 사용하여 sol-gel 법으로 제조된 $SnO_2$ 미세 분말의 제반 물성과 전기적 센싱 특성에 대하여 검토하였다. Gel 분말은 sol을 72시간과 168시간 숙성(aging) 시킨 후 $120^{\circ}C$에서 건조하여 제조하였다. $600^{\circ}C$이하에서는 휘발성 물질이 제거되면서 $SnO_2$ 상이 증가하고. $700^{\circ}C$/30min 열처리로 $SnO_2$ 상 생성은 거의 완결된다. 입자 크기는 $700^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 30nm 이하로 유사하고 입도 분포도 좁았다. 전기적 성질 측정을 위한 시편은 후막법으로 알루미나 기판위에 제조하였다. 공기 중의 전도성은 $450^{\circ}C$ 부터 반도성 세라믹스의 진성(intrinsic) 거동을 보이고, $200-450^{\circ}C$ 구간에서는 $SnO_2$ 입자 표면에서의 산소흡착에 기인해서 전도성 변화가 작았다. 환원성 CO 기체에 대한 응답성, 회복성 그리고 감도 특성은 숙성일자 증가로 향상되었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.683-689
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• 2006

Statement of problem. Interfacial toughness is important in the mechanical property of layered dental ceramics such as core-veneered all-ceramic dental materials. The interfaces between adjacent layers must be strongly bonded to prevent delamination, however the weak interface makes delamination by the growth of lateral cracks along the interface. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the reaction layer on the interfacial fracture toughness of the core/veneer structure according to the five different divesting. Materials and methods. Thirty five heat-pressed Lithia-based ceramic core bars (IPS Empress 2), $20mm{\times}3mm{\times}2mm$ were made following the five different surface divesting conditions. G1 was no dissolution or sandblasting of the interaction layer. G2 and G3 were dissolved layer with 0.2% HF in an ultrasonic unit for 15min and 30 min. G4 and G5 were dissolved layer for 15min and 30min and then same sandblasting for 60s each. We veneered bilayered ceramic bars, $20mm{\times}2.8mm{\times}3.8mm$(2mm core and 1.8mm veneer), according to the manufacturer's instruction. After polishing the specimens through $1{\mu}m$ alumina, we induced five cracks for each of five groups within the veneer close to interface under an applied indenter load of 19.6N with a Vickers microhardness indenter. Results. The results from Vickers hardness were the percentage of delamination G1:55%, G2:50%, G3:35%, G4:0% and G5:0%. SEM examination showed that the mean thickness of the reaction layer were G1 $93.5{\pm}20.6{\mu}m$, G2 $69.9{\pm}14.3{\mu}m$, G3 $59.2{\pm}20.2{\mu}m$, G4 $0.61{\pm}1.44{\mu}m$ G5 $0{\pm}0{\mu}m$. The mean interfacial delamination crack lengths were G1 $131{\pm}54.5{\mu}m$, G2 $85.2{\pm}51.3{\mu}m$, and G3 $94.9{\pm}81.8{\mu}m$. One-way ANOVA showed that there was no statistically significant difference in interfacial crack length among G1, G2 and G3(p> 0.05). Conclusion. The investment reaction layer played important role at the interfacial toughness of body ceramic bonded to Lithia-based ceramic.