• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.297-316
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• 1995

The system and symbolizing ideologic meanings of the metallic Kwon in period of the Three-Kingdoms were comsidered by comparing to their cultural path and structal styles throughout the tree and the deer worship ideology. The results of this study are as followings; Firstly, the beginning of the Korean, mostly northern style was originated from metal tools of the Bronze age in BC 6c-7c. The maJ;lufature of the metallic adornment brought the pr-evailing use of metallic objects of craftwork after the supply of ironmongery. Secondly, the cultmal characteristics of the metallic Kwan in the kor-ean Peninsula were influenced f-rom the northern chinese tribes, Momg Go, Hung No, and Sien-pi who were transmitted from the scythian of the southern Russia having a prefenence for gold. Thir-dly, the metallic Kwon of the Kogmgo and the Baekje era was ideologically based on the ar-t of Buddism of the pattern of blazing flame, the carved pattern of flower- of herb, and the honey. sukle which were tramsmitted to china thr-ough the silk noad. Fourthly, the metallic K wam of the silla era consisted of the tree and the antler types in closely nelated to the tree and the deer ideology which were based on the background of shamanism. It should be raid that the metallic Kwan of the silla esa are connected to the type of nor-them ancient K wan. Lasthy, the metallic Kwan-Mo of the Kaja esa was mosthy original type of flower of herb even if kome of these ar-e similiar to the tree adornment type of silla. This type of flower of herb in based on the scythian type with a statue im silveer founded at Alexandnopol in the southern russia.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1326-1334
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• 2008

The prime-boost vaccination with DNA vaccine and recombinant viral vector has emerged as an effective prophylactic strategy to control infectious diseases. Here, we compared the protective immunities induced by multiple alternating immunizations with DNA vaccine (pCIgB) and replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad-gB) expressing glycoprotein gB of pseudorabies virus (PrV). The platform of pCIgB-prime and Ad-gB-boost induced the most effective immune responses and provided protection against virulent PrV infection. However, priming with pCIgB prior to vaccinating animals by the DNA vaccine-prime and Ad-boost protocol provided neither effective immune responses nor protection against PrV. Similarly, boosting with Ad-gB following immunization with DNA vaccine-prime and Ad-boost showed no significant responses. Moreover, whereas the administration of Ad-gB for primary immunization induced Th2-type-biased immunity, priming with pCIgB induced Th1-type-biased immunity, as judged by the production of PrV-specific IgG isotypes and cytokine IFN-$\gamma$. These results indicate that the order and injection frequency of vaccine vehicles used for heterologous prime-boost vaccination affect the magnitude and nature of the immunity. Therefore, our demonstration implies that the prime-boost protocol should be carefully considered and selected to induce the desired immune responses.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.157-164
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• 2010

In Chrysanthemum ${\times}$ morifolium, 30 days of continuous short days (SD) are required for flowering. The effects of alternating short day (SD) - long day (LD) - SD treatments was tested in 5 daisy-like single cultivars, 'Limelight', 'Sunlight', 'Candle Light', 'Firebrand', and 'Twilight', Thee other decorative type cultivars, 'Spirit', 'SunburstSpriit', 'Mandalay', and 'Illini Harvest' was also included. Short day treatment was given for 30 days (control: 30SD) and 5 or 10 LD were interposed following 5 or 10 SD. Different responses were noticed when data from all cultivars were combined, showing that flowering was delayed and the number of ray florets were increased by 5 SD-10 LD-25 SD. The number of ray florets, 40 florets in 'Firebrand' and 60.8 florets in 'Candlelight' was increased significantly by 5 SD-10 LD-25 SD as compared to the control. There were no adverse effects by SD-LD-SD treatment, except for the delay in flowering time from 6 to 7 days. The number of ray florets in 'Illini Harvest' and 'Limelight' were, however, not increased by any SD-LD-SD treatments. Cultivar dependent responses should further be investigated in other newly available cultivars, and this information could be used to breed new cultivars.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.662-667
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• 2021

Vibrotactile feedback is a major function of the latest touch displays, which greatly improves the user's operability and immersion when interacting with the interface on the screen. In this study, we propose a vibrotactile actuator suitable for mounting on the back side of a mid- to large-sized display because it can generate a strong vibration output by applying an electrostatic force-based mechanism and can be manufactured in a thin flat panel type. The proposed actuator was developed in a structure capable of amplifying the vibration force by alternating up and down with electrostatic force by the upper and lower electrodes that are spaced apart from the electrically grounded mass suspended from a radial leaf spring. As a result of the performance evaluation, the developed bar-type module with two built-in actuators showed excellent vibration output of up to 3.3 g at 170 Hz, confirming the possibility of providing haptic feedback in medium and large touch displays.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2017

A current transformer (CT) is a type of sensor that consists of a combination of electric and magnetic circuits, and it measures large ac currents. When a large amount of current flows into the primary winding, the alternating magnetic flux in the iron core induces an electromotive force in the secondary winding. The characteristics of a CT are determined by the iron core design because the iron core is saturated above a certain magnetic flux density. In particular, when a large current, such as a current surge, is input into a CT, the iron core becomes saturated and the induced electromotive force in the secondary winding fluctuates severely. Under these conditions, the CT no longer functions as a sensor. In this study, the characteristics of the secondary winding were investigated using the time-difference finite element method when a current surge was provided as an input. The CT was modeled as a two-dimensional analysis object using constraints, and the saturation characteristics of the iron core were evaluated using the Newton-Rhapson method. The results of the calculation were compared with the experimental data. The results of this study will prove useful in the designs of the iron core and the windings of CTs.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.216-221
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• 2000

Mixed infection of watermelon mosaic potyvirus II isolated from pumpkin (WMV-P) and cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus from watermelon (CGMMV-W) caused extremely severe symptoms such as progressive silting and death of watermelon plants. Single infections of either WMV-P or CGMMV-W on the same hosts produced only vein clearing and/or mosaic on the upper leaves. In cells infected with WMV-P, potyvirus-characteristic inclusions of pinwheels, scrolls and cylindrical inclusions were present in the cytosol. Parallel arrays of virus particles in the tonoplast were also common. In cells infected with CGMMV-W, virus particles occurred as stacked-bands of scattered randomly in the cytosol and vacuoles in all type cells. Many cells also contained vesiculated mitochondria with fibril-containing vesicles. Cells infected mixedly with WMV-P and CGMMV-W contained structural features that were not observed in cells infected singly with the two viruses. A particle of WMV-P potyvirus was surrounded by evenly spaced nine particles of CGMMV-W tobamovirus, which made a unique nonagon ring. The angled layers having $60^{\circ}$-$135^{\circ}$ were alternating layer, herringbone, crosshatching and ladder figures.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.403-428
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• 2010

This research is about global investment for managing the important position, what Korea is doing in World's main market. Considering there are some differences between developed countries' model and developing countries' model in doing direct overseas investment, they target to get political agreement and develop the new invest plan and strategy by understanding changes of Korean manufacturing companies in direct overseas investment between 2001 and 2008 and analyzing the change of yearly investment motivation. The result from this result let us know that company should develop their own idea for their competitive advantage by doing direct overseas investment. And, the overseas investment, which was already done in other countries, 1. Review its realities and tendency in terms of investing countries, industries, and its scale and then Set up an actual model, based on strategic combination of investing location select and determination of Korean manufacturing companies. 2. Analyze how the situational factors have influenced and what factors would be considered for direct overseas investment. From the analyzing result, even though it is fairly true that raising wage and getting resources, and developing alternating industries for export had influenced at the beginning, overseas investing companies' policy will be influenced by the results from studying marketing-pursuit type, local producing and manufacturing by using low-wage people for local sale, and situation for changing investing tendency as service industry.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.77-80
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• 2014

The effect of reactive diluents on the ac electrical treeing in epoxy/nanosilicate systems was studied, in a needle-plate electrode geometry. Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) type epoxy was used as a base resin, and layered silicate was used as a nano-sized filler. Polyglycol (PG) or 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDGE) was introduced as a reactive diluent to the DGEBA/nanosilicate system, in order to decrease the viscosity of the nanocomposite system. PG acted as a flexibilizer, and BDGE acted as a chain extender, after the curing reaction. To measure the treeing propagation rate, a constant alternating current (ac) of 10 kV/4.2 mm (60 Hz) was applied to the specimen, in a needle-plate electrode arrangement, at $30^{\circ}C$ of insulating oil bath. When 10 kV/4.2 mm (60 Hz) was applied, the treeing propagate rate in the DGEBA system was $1.10{\times}10^{-3}$ mm/min, and that in the DGEBA/PG system was $1.05{\times}10^{-3}$ mm/min. As 1.5 wt% of nanosilicate was added to the DGEGA/PG system, the propagation rate was $0.33{\times}10^{-3}$ mm/min. This meant that the nano-sized layered silicates would act as good barriers to treeing propagation. The effect of chlorine content was also studied, and it was found that chlorine had a bad effect on the electrical insulation property of the epoxy system.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.361-365
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• 2002

Advancements in silicon phase control (SCR) technologies provide an arc welding power supply that has the capability to allow the alteration of the Alternating Current (AC) welding output. These technologies provide a square wave output involving sixteen frequency selections and multiple balance selections. While an AC out put is known to minimize magnetic disturbances associate with Direct Current (DC), the potentials of a non-sinusoidal waveform have not been explored. The focus of the paper is to determine the effects that the frequency and balance of an AC wave form output will have upon a high speed Submerge Arc (SAW) application. The test matrix of the project includes welding .250" steel plate. Joint type is square groove with a travel speed of 65 IPM. Each of the weld parameters was held constant, only the frequency and/or balance were altered between welds. Each frequency/balance combination involved three-gap spacing. Upon completion of the welds the bead profiles were measured and recorded. A relationships/trends were observed with various frequency and balance values. Optimum frequency and balance values were found for the .250" square groove application which permit consistent weld sizing, ease of slag removal, and minimal plate distortion.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1989.07a
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• pp.356-358
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• 1989

Linear and nonlinear complex permittivities have been measured for an alternating copolymer of vinylidene cyanide(VSCN) with vinyl propionale(VPr). It is found that the third order permittivity ${\varepsilon}_3$ depends upon frequency according to a function V ${\varepsilon}_3$/ ${1+(j{\omega}{\tau}_3)^{\beta}}^3$ while the linear permittivity ${\varepsilon}_1$obeys a Debye type function ${\nabla}{\varepsilon}_1$/ {1+$(j{\omega}{\tau}_1)^{\beta}$}. Experimental results are well fitled by predicted functions except at low frequency where dc conduction dominates. The relaxation times ${\tau}_1$ and ${\tau}_3$ at same teperature are nealy equal and depend upon temperature according to WLF form. The relaxation strengths ${\nabla}{\varepsilon}_1$ and ${\nabla}{\varepsilon}_3$ have a peak at the vicinity of glass transition temperature (Tg). The strength ${\nabla}{\varepsilon}_1$ has a value of -9 order and ${\nabla}{\varepsilon}_3$ has a negative value of -25 order. The analysis of mechanism by combined knowledge about linear and nonlinear permittivities and dipole moment gives us an imformation of the electrical and thermal dipolar motions in this copolymer.