• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.482-492
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• 1998

With the purpose of developing a objective fitness evaluation system for knits, the basic bodice pattern for knit was drafted and the suitability of the altered pattern was evaluated. For each of nine different knits, six sleeveless shirts were made with patterns that were altered by different pattern alteration rate: 0%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, or 70% of the stretch rate of the knit. The panel that was composed of 25 clothing specialists evaluated the fitness of the garments. The distance from the dress form landmark to the garment landmark was measured from each experimental garment. And the results of garment fitness evaluation and the measurement of distance from the dress form landmark to garment landmark were compared. The results of this study are as follows: There was high correlation(r$\geq$0.9) between the evaluation of the panel about the garment fit and the landmarks distance. The stretch rate of knits affected the evaluation of the garment fit. The stretch rate in course of knits affected on the garment fit at crosswise direction. The suitable pattern alteration rate was lower than 30% for the knits with high stretch rate in course. It was concluded that in order to get the appropriate knit bodice pattern length, the front bodice pattern must be less shorten than the back bodice pattern. The alteration rate at hip line must be lower than for waist or bust line.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 1998

The methodology of applying fabric stretch ratio in the grants pattern drafting was evaluated. The experimental fabrics employed in this study were 3 different knit fabrics with various stretch ratio in vertical or horizontal direction. The firm fitting pants pattern was modified by applying the fabric stretch ratio in vertical ana horizontal direction. The computer automatic drafting method was used for pants pattenl alteration. The suitability of the altered pattern was evaluated by the 7 clothing specialists, The results showed that fit of all experimental garments was improved in general. The garment which was constructed with the fabric having large difference between horizontal stretch ratio and vertical stretch ratio showed poor fit at crotch area. This result implies that computer aided pattern alteration is not appropriate when fabric stretch ratio is vary by the fabric directions.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.78-88
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• 2012

Knee joint instability by anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) rupture is allowing the abnormal loading condition at the tibial epiphysis locally, resulting in producing locally different bone bruise. The study examined difference between local alteration patterns of trabecular bone microarchitecture at medial and lateral parts of the tibial epiphysis by ACL rupture. Fourteen SD rats were divided into Control(CON; n = 7) and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection(ACLT; n = 7) groups. The tibial joints were then scanned by in vivo ${\mu}$-CT at 0, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery. The results showed that alteration pattern on trabecular bone microarchitecture at medial part was significantly higher than that at lateral part of the tibial epiphysis in ACLT group from 0 to 8 weeks(P < 0.05). Tb.Th and Tb.Sp distributions were well corresponded with differences between aforementioned trabecular bone microarchitectural alteration pattens at medial and lateral parts of the tibial epiphysis in ACLT group from 0 to 8 weeks(P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the alteration patterns of trabecular bone microarchitecture should be locally and periodically considered, particularly with respect to the prediction of bone fracture risk by ACL rupture. Improved understanding of the alteration patterns at medial and lateral trabecular bone microarchitectures at the tibial epiphysis may assist in developing more targeted treatment interventions for knee joint instability secondary to ACL rupture.

• Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research
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• v.95 no.5
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• pp.249-257
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• 2018

Purpose: Multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 2 is a glutathione conjugate in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. Early graft damage after liver transplantation (LT) can result in alteration of MRP2 expression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the pattern of MRP2 alteration and graft outcome. Methods: Forty-one paraffin-embedded liver graft tissues obtained by protocol biopsy within 2 months after LT; these were stained using monoclonal antibodies of MRP2. We selected 15 live donor biopsy samples as a control, that showed homogenous canalicular staining for MRP2. The pattern of canalicular MRP2 staining of graft was classified into 3 types: homogenous (type C0), focal (type C1), and no (type C2,) staining of the canaliculi. Results: In total, 17.1% graft tissues were type C0, 36.6% were type C1, and 46.3% were type C2. The median operation time was longer in patients with type C2 (562.6 minutes) than in patients with type C0 (393.8 minutes) (P = 0.038). The rates of posttransplant complications were higher in patients with type C2 (100%) than in patients with type C0 (42.9%) and C1 (73.3%) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: MRP2 expression pattern was altered in 82.9% after LT. The pattern of MRP2 alteration was associated with longer operation time and higher rates of post-LT complications.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1081-1090
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• 2012

This study aims to track the longitudinal alteration pattern on the trabecular bone microarchitecture at tibial epiphysis induced by T-OA over time using in vivo micro computed tomography (${\mu}CT$). Ten SD rats were divided into control (n = 5) and T-OA (n = 5) groups. Anterior cruciate ligament transaction was performed for the T-OA group. The results showed that the alteration pattern on the trabecular bone microarchitecture at tibial epiphysis in the T.OA group was definitely different compared with that in the CON group from 0 to 8 weeks (approximately 4-16%, P > 0.05). In particular, a difference was observed in the bone formation and density distributions over time (from 0 or 4 to 8 weeks; approximately 5.15%, P < 0.05). An improved understanding of the alteration pattern on the trabecular bone microarchitecture at tibial epiphysis may assist in developing more targeted treatment interventions for T-OA.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.265-280
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• 2003

The Mugeuk mineralized area that associated with the pull-apart type Cretaceous Eumseong basin is composed of several gold-silver vein deposits that are emplaced in late Cretaceous biotite granite. The gold-silver deposits in the area show various hydrothermal alteration zones as well as Au/Ag ratios and ore mineralogy. The Geumbong mine showing relatively high gold fineness is composed of multiple veins and show alteration pattern; vein \longrightarrow phyllic \longrightarrow subphyllic \longrightarrow propylitic \longrightarrow subpropylitic zone. In contrast, The Taegeuk mines show the low fineness values, in far southern part are characterized by increasing tendency of simple and/or stockwork veins. The deposit displays alteration pattern; vein \longrightarrow propylitic \longrightarrow subpropylitic zone. Variations of alteration zone with depth show that phyllic zone are dominant in deeper level and propylitic zone sporadically overlapped by argillic zone are dominant in shallow level. The differences of alteration pattern between the gold-silver deposits are reflect the evolution of the hydrothermal fluids; the ore-forming fluids of the Geumbong mine are at relatively high temperature and salinity and highly-evolved meteoric water, developing phyllic zone, the Taegeuk mine containing greater amounts of less-evolved meteoric waters shows relatively low temperature and salinity in ore-forming fluids, developing propylitic zone. The various physicochemical environment for gold-silver mineralization in the Mugeuk mineralized area is due to proximity from heat source area (Mugeuk mine) to marginal area (Taegeuk mine) in a geothermal field. Therefore, it is suggested that the criteria for project exploration in the area are to focus on the area proximal to heat source and phyllic zone.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.177-212
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• 1976

The Shap granite encloses well developed quartz veins and veinlets containing molybdenite in association with other ore sulphide minerals. The preliminary study of the geochemical aspects of the granite stock and mineralisation of molybdenite in comparison with the porphyry deposits is carried out; the distribution of major, minor and ore metal elements in wall rocks, altered envelope and veins, and the molybdenum mineralisation, mainly in connexion with hydrothermal alteration are discussed. The molybdenite and other ore mineralisation, especially bismuthinite and chalcopyrite, are spatially closely related to the hydrothermal alteration adjacent to the veinings, and are dominant where the strong orthoclase alteration has taken place. A pattern of alteration and mineralisation can be recognised and forms the basic for the subdivision of the quarry into several distinct zones, which correspond with the sequence of alteration and mineralisation. The veins, veinlets and their alteration haloes can be further subdivided into a series of concentric zones.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.359-360
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• 2007

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.11-28
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• 1994

The Anyang Feldspar Mine is located in Seoksu Dong, Anyang City, Kyeonggi Do, Korea and has a long exploitation record that is once produced high grade sodium feldspars, for glaze. Geologically, This area is mainly composed of Mesozoic Jurassic biotite granite (Anyang granite) which intruded Precambrian Kyeonggi Gneiss Complex outcroped near the mining area. The deposit is localized on the southwest hill side of Anyang granite batholith and is confined in hydrothemal alteration zone formed by sodium-rich alkali hydrothermal fluids along the fractures of leucocratic granite showing later differentiation facies in the biotite granite. The hydrothermal alteration is characterized by albitization, sericitization, and desilication. The microscopic observation and EPMA, XRD analysis of the feldspar ores show that major minerals are albite and quartz and accessory minerals are orthoclase and sericite, and they are rarely associated with perthite, fluorite, zircon, kaolinite, molybdenite, microcline and iron-oxide. In the REE pattern, the strong negative Eu anomalies of the feldspar ores indicate the influence of feldspar fractionation and show similiar pattern of the host leucocratic granite. The filling temperature of quartz crystals in ore zone ranges from $276^{\circ}C$ to $342^{\circ}C$, and it is inferred that the alteration occurred by the hypothermal solution.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.43-52
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• 1986

Kaolin-pyrophyllite are locally abundant in the three hydrothermal areas at Yangsan-Tongnae area, Hadong-Sancheong area and Haenam area, deposits are originally composed of acidic volcanic rocks and anorthositic rocks in Hadong-Sancheong area. The clay deposits are formed in the near shallow depths environment through acid hydrothermal alteration. Hadong-Sancheong halloysite deposits are formed by alteration of anorthosite. These differences are mainly on the various country rocks, geological structure and properties of hydrothermal solutions. Country rock is mostly underlain by rhyolitic tuffaceous and anorthositic rocks and a large number of clay deposits were formed during volcanic activity through upper Cretaceous-lower Tertiary. Intrusive rocks is broadly distributed in this area and clay deposits are variable in shapelayer and funnel typed. Zonal pattern of mineral assemblage is as follows, Yangsan-Tongnae deposits-kaolinite, pyrophyllite, dumortierite, andalusite and sericite, Hadong-Sancheong-mostly halloysite, and Haenam-dickite, pyrophyllite, alunite and diaspore. The difference in the zonal pattern of altered rock is considered to depend on differences in the initial acidity of related hydrothermal solution, initial acidity was controlled by the oxygen fugacity.