• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.725-730
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• 2013

In this study, an ethanol extract being obtained from Allium cepa var. cepa examins the inhibitory effects on the glutathione S-transferase and the separation had been done by silica-gel column chromatography using various eluents, such as ethyl acetate, methanol, and 50% methanol. A volume of column fraction was 50ml and evaporation has been performde by the rotary evaporator under reduced pressure. Each fraction is being examined by thin layer chromatography and the UV spectrum at 365 nm was used to investigate separation patterns of spots on thin layer chromatography. When the eluent was changed, the spot patterns showed another different pattern on thin layer chromatography, so on. Fractions showing similar pattern are combined and eventually, three fractions are obtained. Each fraction is testified to examine the inhibition effects on glutathione S-transferase. All of these showed inhibition effects on glutathione S-transferase. The GC-MS shows that each fraction contains more than 2 compounds.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 1993

The investigation was aimed to reduce the period of bed log through the protection of harmful fungi and to know the effects of physiological activating substances on the yield increase of Lentinus edodes. Mycelial growth was evaluated both the bed logs and physiological activating substances, respectively. I percent extract of Allium cepa and malt as a physiological activating substance was highly effective in mycelial growth of Lentinus edodes. Better effects among the bed logs by the application fo physiological activating substances observed in both Quercus serrata and Carpinus laxiflora. This results suggested that supplement of physiological activating substances to the bed log would be beneficial for the production of Lentinus edodes.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.192-196
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• 2001

Ethanol extracts from 36 vegetable samples were assayed for their growth-promoting effects on Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. longum, and Lactobacillus casei The growth-promoting effects varied according to bacterial strain and vegetable species. In modified Gy rgy broth, extracts of Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum and L escutentum var. cerasiforme exhibited strong growth-promoting responses toward B. longum, and significant and strong growth- promoting response toward B. bifidum was observed in extracts of Actinidia arguta, Allium cepa, A. sativum, Brassica campestris subsp. napus vats. pekinensis, Capsicum frutescens, Daucus carota var. sativa, L sativa, 1. esculentum and L. esculentum var. cerasforme, Nelumbo nucifera, Cucurbita moschata, Lackca sativa var. capitata, and Rubus coreanus. For L casei, extracts of A. fshlosum, A. hberosum, Cichorium intbus, Cucurbita moschat\ulcorner Ipomoea batatas, 1. sativa var. capitata, L. esculentum, P. brachycarpa, Raphanus sativus, R. coreanus, and S. melongena strongly enhanced the growth of this bacteria. In modified Gy rgy broth, the promoting effect was most pronounced with B. bifidum and L. casei among lactic acid bacteria used. In MRS broth, A. arguta, A. cepa, A. sativum, B. campestris subsp. napus var. pekinensis, C. frutescens, and D. carota var. sativa L. satiw var. capitata, and R. coreanus strongly enhanced the growth of B. bifidum, Growth of B. longum was strongly affected by the addition of extracts from L. sativa var. capitata. For L casei, moderate growth-promoting responses were observed in 9 vegetable extracts. The promoting effect in MRS broth was most pronounced with B. bifidum among lactic acid bacteria used.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.507-513
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mulching material and planting density on growth and bulb development of shallot. The transparent PE film was better than black PE film as a mulching material for the overwintering shallot crop. Transparent PE film mulching promoted plant growth and increased marketable yield by 21% as compared with that of the black PE film-mulched crop. However, the bulb size was not significantly affected by the type of mulching film. The height and width of ridge and planting density significantly affected the growth and bulb yield of the moisture sensitive shallot. Bulb yield of the shallot planted in five rows in 120 cm wide ridges (20,833 plants per 10 a) was 1,332 kg per 10 a, which was 1.7 times as high as that by the crop grown in three rows in 120 cm wide ridges (12,500 plants per 10 a). In conclusion, the shallot crop is recommended to be cultivated in five rows in 120 cm ridges mulched with the transparent PE film.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2011

Shallot is a foreign crop introduced from France in 1995 as a new overwintering field crop with an aim to develop as an export crop. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilization level and time of supplementary nitrogen fertilization on growth and development of shallot, and to suggest to several problems raised during introductory trial cultivations. Optimum amount of nitrogen fertilization for bulb yield was 24 kg per 10 a. The best time of supplementary fertilization was February and March, with an equal amount in each month. The inorganic element composition of the harvested bulbs was not significantly affected by N fertilization level or by time of supplementary nitrogen fertilization.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.160-167
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• 2011

Shallot is a foreign crop introduced from France in 1995 as a new overwintering field crop with an aim to develop as an export crop. During the introductory cultivation trials, several problems were raised such as premature growth depression in early summer, sensitivity to summer moisture, and weakened vigor of the seed bulbs following successive propagations. This study was conducted to develop proper cultural methods based on annual productivity and adaptability of growing area to address and suggest solutions to some of these problems. Bulb weight was 18.7 g and bulb yield per 10a was 4,113 kg in 1995. In 1996, bulb weight increased to 25.8 g, while bulbs yield per 10a deceased to 2,013 kg. This trend continued in 1997 so that bulb weight increased, and yield per 10a decreased as compared to those in 1996. However, in 1998, both bulb weight (21.1 kg) and yield per 10a (1,246 kg) decreased significantly as compared to those of the previous years. Plant growth from planting to April in the coastal area was better than in other areas. However, the plant growth thereafter until early July was better in the semi-highland area. As a result, the bulb yield in the semi-highland area was 57% more than that in the lowland areas such as the coastal area.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.14 no.4 s.25
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• pp.185-192
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• 1975

Various plant species, as many as 145 species in 43 families, were tested for susceptibility to the ordinary strain of the cucumber nosaic virus for two years from 1973 to 1974. Inoculations were made by mechanical method using carborundum. Plants in 71 species belonging to 27 families were infected. Of these species, systemic mosaic developed on the new leaves of plants in 57 species belonging to 24 families. Twenty-four species of plants, previously not reported as hosts of the CMV, were found to be infected in this experiment. These are Stellaria aquatica, Achyrauthes japonica, Agerratum houstonianum, Centipeda minima, Gillardia pulchella, Henisteptalyrate, Ixeris dentata, Saussurea uchiyamana, Brassica campestris, Lepidiumapetalum, Lobelia chinensis, Chenopodium bryoniaefolium, Carex neofilipes, Acalypha austalis, Amphicarpaea edgeworthii, Lotus corniculatus var japonicus, Phaseolus angularis, Sedum aizoom var heterodontum, Mosla punctulata, Perilla frutescens var japonica, Teucrium japonicum,. Linum usitatissimum, Mazus japonicus, Verbena hybrida. Twenty-three species reported to be susceptible by previous workers, but negative results were obtained in our experiment with Allium cepa, Celosia cristat, Daucus carota var. sativa, Artemisia asiatica, Callistenphus chinensis, Erigeron canadensis, Helianthusannuus, Tagetes eracta, Impatiens balsamina, Raphanus sativus, Ipomea batatas, Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris, Lilium longifolium, Papaver gomniferum, Sorghum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays, Rumex coreanus, Potulaca grandiflora.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.88-94
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• 2000

The purpose of this presents is to investigate, using natural food extracts(Green tea; Camellia sinesis, Du'chung; Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, Eu sung cho; Houttuynia cordate Thunb, Sam back cho; Saurus Chinensis, Baek hwa sa seal oho; Oldenladia diffusa Roxb., Laver; Porphyra tenera, Sea mustard; Undaria pinnatifda and Sea staghorn; Condium fragile) and juices(Sweet pepper; Capsicum annuum var. angulosum, Kale; Brassia oleracea var. acephala, Cucumber; Cucumis sativus, Onion; Allium cepa, Tomato; Lycopericon esculentum, Maesil; Prunus mume, Plum; Prunus salicina and Grape; Vitis spp.), the effect of natural plant components on the nitrite-scavenging under the different levels of pH. From the above mentioned extracts and juices, the content of vitamin C was detected, containing 65.1∼77.1 mg/100g, at the highest level in the Green tea, and followed by vegetables and fruits in order. The nitrite scavenging effect of teas, medicinal plants, and seaweed extracts, in the reaction system under the condition of pH 1.2, were 57.0∼100%, 50.0∼100%, and 18.0∼99.0%, respectively. Especially, the nitrite was scavenged to the level of 100%1 when 10 ml of kale and 5 ml of maesil Juice

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.806-811
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of plant extracts on methanogenesis and rumen microbial diversity in in vitro. Plant extracts (Artemisia princeps var. Orientalis; Wormwood, Allium sativum for. Pekinense; Garlic, Allium cepa; Onion, Zingiber officinale; Ginger, Citrus unshiu; Mandarin orange, Lonicera japonica; Honeysuckle) were obtained from the Plant Extract Bank at Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology. The rumen fluid was collected before morning feeding from a fistulated Holstein cow fed timothy and commercial concentrate (TDN; 73.5%, crude protein; 19%, crude fat; 3%, crude fiber; 12%, crude ash; 10%, Ca; 0.8%, P; 1.2%) in the ratio of 3 to 2. The 30 ml of mixture, comprising McDougall buffer and rumen liquor in the ratio of 4 to 1, was dispensed anaerobically into serum bottles containing 0.3 g of timothy substrate and plant extracts (1% of total volume, respectively) filled with $O_2$-free $N_2$ gas and capped with a rubber stopper. The serum bottles were held in a shaking incubator at $39^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. Total gas production in all plant extracts was higher (p<0.05) than that of the control, and total gas production of ginger extract was highest (p<0.05). The methane emission was highest (p<0.05) at control, but lowest (p<0.05) at garlic extract which was reduced to about 20% of methane emission (40.2 vs 32.5 ml/g DM). Other plant extracts also resulted in a decrease in methane emissions (wormwood; 8%, onion; 16%, ginger; 16.7%, mandarin orange; 12%, honeysuckle; 12.2%). Total VFAs concentration and pH were not influenced by the addition of plant extracts. Acetate to propionate ratios from garlic and ginger extracts addition samples were lower (p<0.05, 3.36 and 3.38 vs 3.53) than that of the control. Real-time PCR indicted that the ciliate-associated methanogen population in all added plant extracts decreased more than that of the control, while the fibrolytic bacteria population increased. In particular, the F. succinogens community in added wormwood, garlic, mandarin orange and honeysuckle extracts increased more than that of the others. The addition of onion extract increased R. albus diversity, while other extracts did not influence the R. albus community. The R. flavefaciens population in added wormwood and garlic extracts decreased, while other extracts increased its abundance compared to the control. In conclusion, the results indicated that the plant extracts used in the experiment could be promising feed additives to decrease methane gas emission from ruminant animals while improving ruminal fermentation.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2000

The effect of natural foods, utilizing the extracts or juices of teas(Green tea; Camellia sinesis, Du'chung; Eucommia ulmoides Oliver), medicinal plants(Eu sung cho; Houttuynia cordata Thunb, Sam back cho; Saurus Chinensis, Baek hwa sa seal cho; Oldenladia diffusa Roxb.) seaweeds(Laver; Porphyra tenera, Sea mustard; Undaria pinnatifida, Sea staghorn; Condium fragile) and vegetables(Sweet pepper; Capsicum annuum var. angulosum, Kale; Brassia oleracea var.. acephala, Cucumber; Cucumis sativus, Onion; Allium cepa) and fruits(Tomato; Lycopericon esculentum, Maesil; Prunus mume, Plum; Prunus saticina and Grape; Vitis spp.)on the inhibition of N-Nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) formation was investigated from the various conditions. The inhibition effect was observed in vitro using the reaction fluids of pH 1.2, 4.2 and 6.0. From the teas and medicinal plants, there was a positive response of NDMA formation; however, From the seaweed extracts, there was a negative response of the inhibition effect of NDMA formation, and as the pH of reaction fluids and the amount of materials increase, the inhibition of NDMA formation was strengthened. The inhibition ratios by the level of pH are as follows: under pH 1.2 vegetable juice were 57.6∼99.7% and fruits were 35.9∼99.7%; under pH 4.2 vegetable juice were 55.0∼97.5% and fruits were 21.3∼96.8%. All of the materials observed has been proved and shown the inhibition effect of NDMA formation.