• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.194-199
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• 2001

The turbulent flow resistance of water solution with polymer is reduced as compared with that of pure water. This effects is named th drag reduction and offers the significant reduction of the pumping power and the energy consumption. But the intense shear forces and the high temperature experienced by the polymer solution when passing through the pipes cause the degradation a loss of drag reduction effectiveness. Especially, the degradation behavior is found to be strongly dependent on temperature. This mechanical and thermal degradation can be avoided by adding materials such as surfactant to the polymer solution, which enhance the bonding force between molecules. In the present study, Copolymer and SDS were utilized and they were mixed in 10 different mixture ratios, while total concentration was fixed as 100wppm. Degradation of Copolymer-SDS mixture solutions was investigated experimentally in closed loop at the temperature of $10^{\circ}C\; and\; 80^{\circ}C$ with various flow average velocities of 1.5 m/sec, 3.0m/sec, and 4.5m/sec. Degradation characteristics of polymer solution without surfactant show a radical loss of drag reduction effectiveness at high temperature. Degradation alleviation ability of surfactant is especially effective at high temperature. Consequently, this results show that the addition of surfactant to the polymer solution can control unfavorable degradation phenomena for high temperature systems.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to contribute on nursing practice for elderly people by identifying the effects of hand moxibustion and hand press pellet therapy on the alleviation of constipation. Methods: The data were collected from October to November, 2009, and the subjects included 39 elders (experimental group: 20, control group: 19) from a senior citizens center in B City who reported constipation. Experimental group received an intervention of hand moxibustion and hand press pellet therapy three times a week for six weeks (total: 18 times). Data about the number of defecations per week and constipation degree scores were collected one week after each treatment. Results: 1. The number of defecation in the experimental group were different from that of the control group (F=228.26, $p$ <.001). 2. The degree of reported constipation in the experimental group differed from the control group (F=170.59, $p$ <.001). Conclusion: Hand moxibustion and hand press pellet therapy was shown to be effective in alleviating the constipation of elderly people by increasing the number of defecation per week and reducing the constipation degree scores. These two interventions can thus be used for alleviating the constipation of elderly people, replacing the stool softener and enema.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.166-176
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• 2003

Objective : The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of 15Hz electroacupuncture(EA) on carrageenan-injected rats. Inflammation was induced by an intraplantar injection of 1% carrageenan into the right hind paw. Methods : Bilateral EA stimulation with 15 Hz were delivered at those acupoints corresponding to Zusanli and Sanyinjiao in man via the needles for a total of 30 min duration in carrageenan-injected rats. Results: The developing edema was measured 30 minutes interval afer carrageenan injection and 15 Hz EA stimulation presented significant edema inhibition. Three hours after carrageenan injection, prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ and nitric oxide(NO) levels were measured. The 15Hz EA stimulation significantly inhibited $PGE_2$ and NO production in the right paw. The pro-inflammatory mRNA expression such as cyclooxygenases(COX)-2 and interleukin(IL)-$1{\beta}$ were slightly down-regulated by EA stimulation. The number of COX-2, IL-$1{\beta}$, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ immunoreactive cells were abundantly observed in paw edema. But these cells were decreased in nmber according to anti-edema effect of 15Hz EA. Conclusions: These results indicate that 15Hz EA stimulation have an alleviation action against carrageenan-induced edema and local inflammation.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was finding out the effects of spinal stabilization exercise using Centaur which is a 3D spinal stabilization sports implement on Chronic low back pain patients over 8 weeks. Methods: 30 patients with DDD were observed during the study. Their average age was 66.88years, height was 152.12cm and average weight was 58.91kg, 4 males and 26 females were involved. 8 various investigations were performed and varied values were compared with reinvestigation done after having exercised 8 weeks using 3-D CENTAUR We used VAS(visual analog scale) in order to see the variation of pain intensity, MOI(modified oswestry index) in order to see limitation of daily life. Results: VAS was lessened from 7.57 to 2.63, limitation of routine life(MOS) from 23.48 to 11.30, there were remarkable differences statistically(p<0.05). As a result of muscular investigation for static spinal stabilization by 8 variations of body deflection, muscular strength were all increased and there were signigicant differences statistically(p<0.05). Conclusion: It has turned out that pain and limitation of routine life was lessened, as a result of 8 weeks exercise using CENTAUR, and deep muscular power was increased. Thus it has turned out that 3-D spinal stabilization exercise has an effect on the strengthening spinal muscles and alleviation of their pain for old patients with DDD.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2016

Background: The most important reason for pre-operative administration of medication is to reduce anxiety. Alleviation of fear and anxiety about surgery enables patients to remain comfortable during treatment. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a fast-acting drug that is used as a premedication in different circumstances because it has sedative and anti-anxiolytic effects, and stable hemodynamics. It also has the advantage of intranasal administration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and hemodynamic stability of DEX by retrospectively analyzing cases in which DEX was administered nasally as a premedication. Methods: Ten patients treated at Dankook University Dental Hospital, recruited between February and April 2015, received intranasal delivery of $2{\mu}g/kg$ DEX, 30 minutes prior to general anesthesia. Anesthesia records of anxiety, blood pressure, respiration, pulse, estimated arterial oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$), and partial pressure, or maximum concentration, of carbon dioxide ($ETCO_2$) were analyzed. Results: Administration of DEX prior to a general anesthetic effectively relieved anxiety. Respiratory depression, the most severe adverse effect of other sedatives, was not observed. Hemodynamic stability under general anesthesia was maintained during treatment and a reduction in emergence delirium was observed upon completion of treatment. Conclusions: Premedication administration of DEX is safe for pediatric patients undergoing dental treatment under general anesthesia.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.48-64
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness of Qi exercise on the physical discomfort and depress of maternity. Method: A one group pretest-posttest design was used. Data were collected from July, 1, 2005 to September, 30, 2005. A total of 33 mothers participated in 12 weeks of Qi exercise program. In order to evaluate the effects of the Qi exercise program, physical discomfort and depression were measured before and 12 weeks after. The experimental tools for the study were Maternity Physical discomfort Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS). Data were analysed using t-test, paired t-test, and repeated measured ANOVA on the SPSS program. Result: After 12-week Qi exercise program, there were significant differences in physical discomfort (t=3.268, p= .003) and depression(t=4.106, p= .000). Conclusion: It was verified that the Qi exercise program was effect on relieving physical discomfort and depression scare. And it was effective in alleviation delivery experience score. So more in-depth research is needed later on.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.520-528
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• 2019

Objectives: This study assessed the cytotoxicity of the metallic mordant cupric acetate (CA) and the protective effect of Albizzia julibrissin (AJ) leaf extract on CA-induced cytotoxicity in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Methods: For this study, cell viability and antioxidative effects such as the inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation (LP) and superoxide anion-radical (SAR) scavenging activity were assessed. Results: CA significantly decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and the $XTT_{50}$ value was measured as $55.0{\mu}M$ of CA. The cytotoxicity of CA was determined as highly toxic by Borenfreund and Puerner's toxic criteria. The catalase antioxidant significantly increased cell viability diminished by CA-induced cytotoxicity in these cultures. Regarding the protective effect of AJ leaf extract on CA-induced cytotoxicity, AJ leaf extract remarkably increased the SAR scavenging ability and the inhibitory ability of LP. From these findings, it is suggested that oxidative stress is involved in the cytotoxicity of CA, and AJ leaf extract effectively protected CA-induced cytotoxicity via antioxidative effects. Conclusions: Natural resources like AJ leaf extract may be a putative therapeutic agent for treatment or alleviation of the toxicity induced by CA metallic mordant.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.539-549
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• 2023

This study examined the impact of two bacterial strains, H05E-12 and H05R-04, on alleviating non-irrigation-induced stress and its subsequent effects on the fruit productivity of sweet pumpkin plants. When subjected to non-irrigation-induced stress, the lipid peroxidation, proline, total phenol, and total soluble sugar content significantly decreased in plants treated with either H05E-12 or H05R-04 compared to the control. In a greenhouse experiment under non-irrigated conditions, H05E-12-treated plants exhibited higher stomatal conductance than the control, although there was no significant change in the soil plant analysis development(SPAD) value due to treatment. Upon re-watering, an increase in fruit diameter was observed in H05E-12-treated plants, and the L-ascorbic acid content in the fruit also showed a significant increase compared to the control. The H05E-12 strain was identified as Kushneria konosiri. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report detailing the beneficial effects of K. konosiri on the alleviation of non-irrigation-induced stress and the promotion of plant growth in sweet pumpkin plants.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.29-42
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• 2014

This study included empirical methods of study such as surveys and interviews with military hospital administrators from 14 military hospitals across the country. The results of the study is described below. First, results by demographic characteristics show that higher level of organizational commitment was found in males than females and in singles than married couples. Also, by organizational units, major units of military hospitals showed higher level of organizational commitment as well as job satisfaction. Second, Fair compensation had positive(+) effects on the study participants' job satisfaction and organizational commitment as the research hypothesized. Compensation included monetary and social benefits for the work performed. A transparent compensation system to reward members that performed the best for the department and the corps with appropriate amounts must be in place. Third, the organization culture of being considerate had positive(+) effects on job satisfaction and organizational commitment while the culture of giving commands had negative(-) effects. Fourth, Conflict factors had negative(-) effects on job satisfaction with no direct effect on organizational commitment. Any organization must take measures when adverse effects of conflicts surface. As shown by the analysis results, conflict factors bring negative results to job satisfaction and organizational commitments. Department managers should utilize the proper function of conflicts as an accelerator in organization operation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.348-358
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• 2008

Objective : The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the anti-diarrhea effects of Jisa-tang using mice and guinea pigs. Methods : We feed Jisa-tang to mice and guinea pigs to investigate its effects for anti-diarrhea action. We observed its actions on gastrointestinal smooth muscles, on the transportability of small and large intestines, on diarrhea induced by castor oil and magnesium sulfate, and on enteropooling by castor oil and prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$. Results : 1. Jisa-tang showed alleviation, depending on the density, only on the contraction of mice's gastrointestinal smooth muscles induced by histamine. 2. The transportability of the small intestine was not significantly constrained by Jisa-tang. However, the enhancement of pyridostigmine-induced transportability of he small intestine was significantly constrained in the group administered 900mg/kg of Jisa-tang (p<0.05). 3. The transportability of large intestine was significantly constrained in the group administered 1,800mg/kg of Jisa-tang. 4. Jisa-tang showed significant anti-diarrhea effects on diarrhea induced by castor oil and by $MgSO_4$ in the group administered 1,800mg/kg of Jisa-tang. 5. Significant reduction of effects of enteropooling induced by caster oil and by prostaglandin $E_2$ were observed only in the group administered 1,800mg/kg of Jisa-tang. Conclusions : We conclude that Jisa-tang has advantageous effects on drug-induced diarrhea and will contribute to the development of diarrhea treatment through further related studies.