• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.44-50
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• 2007

양파(노란색, 붉은색, 흰색)의 열수 추출물이 DNCB로 감작된 4주령 BALB/c mouse 암컷에 유도된 접촉성 피부염의 억제효과를 조사하였다. 림프절, 비장 및 흉선의 무게는 양파 투여군이 DNCB 대조군보다는 낮게 나타났다. 양파 추출물을 투여한 군에서 귀의 무게는 양파 추출물의 농도가 높을수록 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 대조군과 비교하여 무게에 함량 변화가 있었다. 양파추출물을 1,000 mg/kg 농도로 투여하면 귀의 무게는 대조군과 유사한 수준까지 낮아졌으며, 귀의 두께는 양파추출물을 투여한 군에서 시간이 경과할수록 두께가 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. MDA 함량은 DNCB대조군과 양파 투여군을 비교하였을 경우에, 간 조직에서 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 염증이 발생한 귀 조직에서는 차이가 나타났으며, NO 함량은 모든 양파그룹에서 염증이 억제되어 대조군에 유사하게 측정되었다.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.497-499
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• 2010

Cutaneous injuries stung by jellyfish are not uncommon in human exposed to marine environments. Most of the cases occur to scuba divers, fishermen, and travelers swimming at the beach. The symptoms vary from mild dermatosis to fatal systemic reaction. Some group of jellyfish like Atlantic Portuguese man-of-war (Physalia physalis) provokes acute severe skin injuries with systemic symptoms of nausea, bradycardia, and rarely anaphylaxis. But it is unusual case that allergic dermatitis caused by Scyphistoma which is polyp stage of jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) happened to zoo keepers working at indoor dolphin pool. This case report is about dermatosis with symptoms such as painful, irritant, itching, and erupted skin lesions on the neck and face of zoo keepers working at dolphinarium in Seoul zoo, Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.153-158
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• 2012

Food allergy is an important public health problem affecting 5% of infants and children in Korea. Food allergy is defined as an immune response triggered by food proteins. Food allergy is highly associated with atopic dermatitis and is one of the most common triggers of potentially fatal anaphylaxis in the community. Sensitization to food allergens can occur in the gastrointestinal tract (class 1 food allergy) or as a consequence of cross reactivity to structurally homologous inhalant allergens (class 2 food allergy). Allergenicity of food is largely determined by structural aspects, including cross-reactivity and reduced or enhanced allergenicity with cooking that convey allergenic characteristics to food. Management of food allergy currently focuses on dietary avoidance of the offending foods, prompt recognition and treatment of allergic reactions, and nutritional support. This review includes definitions and examines the prevalence and management of food allergies and the characteristics of food allergens.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.899-910
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• 2017

Nomogram is useful for predicting the prevalence of each patient through the scoring system without a complex formula. Because there are few studies on chronic otitis media (COM) in adults, this study aims to identify the relevant risk factors for COM in Korean adults and to build a nomogram for the risk factors. The Health Interview Survey data subset, derived from the Sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI), was used to evaluate the participants. Of the participants, the weighted prevalence of COM was 5.3%. Residence, earphone use, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and subjective hearing status were identified as risk factors for COM. Using 6 risk factors, we propose a nomogram for COM, and use AUC to verify the discrimination of the nomogram.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.403.1-403.1
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• 2002

Combination of two or more preservatives are commonly used in cosmetic creams to prevent alteration and degradation of the product formulation. but preservatives are one of the main causes of allergic contact dermatitis from the use of cosmetics. (omitted)

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.55-74
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the skin disease in Sanghanron"傷寒論" and Geumgweyoryak"金匱要略". Methods : We conducted a study on the original text paragraphs of Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak containing the skin disease and analysis of Woo, Oh, Sung, Zhang, etc. We drew a parallel between skin disease from Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak and matching diagnoses from western medicine. Results : The results were as follows. 1. In Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak pruritus was related to psychogenic pruritus and similar to skin disease caused by decrease of sweating, dry skin in cholinergic urticaria, atopic dermatitis and eczema, etc. in western medicine. 2. In Geumgweyoryak ichthyosis was caused by woman's disease, after menopause, chronic disease and malnutrition and related to winter itch and xerotic eczema in western medicine. 3. In Sanghanron Goose bumps, keratosis follicularis, acute and chronic urticaria and cold urticaria were occurred because of poorly managed fever care and side effect of antibiotic. 4. In Geumgweyoryak red face was similar to face flushing and side effects, which is after drug and laser treatment on face, in western medicine. 5. In Geumgweyoryak urticaria was, in a broad sense, skin disease with pruritus and secondary infection resulted from scratch. Skin diseases with pruritus are similar to urticaria, dermatitis herpetiformis, lichen planus, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, nummular eczema, lichen simplex chronicus, prurigo nodularis, neurodermatitis and internal disease with pruritus in western medicine. 6. In Geumgweyoryak spots in the skin were caused by fever and similar to allergic purpura and SLE symptom in western medicine. 7. In Geumgweyoryak bullous disease with yellowish discharge was similar to eczema, pustule, atopic eczema, etc. in western medicine. 8. In Geumgweyoryak repeated inflammation of oral cavity, genitals, eyes and skin was similar to Behcet's disease in western medicine. 9. In Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak boil was similar to abscess and acute lymphadenitis in western medicine caused by oily foods and infections. 10. In Geumgweyoryak swelling and boil were occurred in a poor health. Damage from metalic material could cause a convulsion and was similar to tetanus in western medicine. Conclusion : We analyzed the original text paragraphs of Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak and explanations about skin disease. As a results, we found out etiology, pathogenesis, treatments of the skin disease in Sanghanron and Geumgweyoryak. Further we compared with western medicine to develop better understanding of the skin disease.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1210-1218
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• 2007

Recently Atopic Dermatitis(AD) is increasing along with allergic disease. At present, there is no infallible cure for AD. Then AD patients undergo great suffering. This study is carried out to see whether or not the administering Danggwieumja(DG) along with Samhwangseje-gamibang(SG} as a medicine for external aplication, is effective in treating atopic dermatitis. To examine the effectiveness of the above prescription, the author made an observation of diverse immune responses. through the model of NC/Nga atopic mice. Results provided evidence that the DG administration along with SG can be used as a treatment means to atopic dermatitis. The results are as follows: The extent of Clinical skin severities in 13 and 16 week old NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG, were reduced by 50.9%, 53.9% respectively, compared to the control NC/Nga mice with no drug treatment. IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IgM and IgG1 levels in the serum of the NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG were significantly decreased compared to those of the untreated control mice. In contrary, to the $IFN-{\gamma}$ level, significantly increased. The spleen weight of the NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG significantly decreased compared to those of the untreated control mice. CCR3 gene expression in the skin tissue of NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG were highly decreased, and the IL-6 expression significantly decreased, and the $IFN-{\gamma}$ gene expression increased compared to those of the untreated control mice. Histological observation of the ear and dorsal skin tissue of the NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG, showed that the extents of inflammation and infiltrated immune cells in the epidermal tissue and dermis, were highly reduced compared to those of the untreated control mice. In the model inducing COX-2 activity in RAW 264.7 cell, the denser DG became, the more COX-2 activity was inhibited, compared to those of the untreated control group. $IL-1{\beta}$, and $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 gene expression in RAW 264.7 cell with DG, significantly decreased, compared to those of the untreated control group. According to the assessment of cell toxicity in L929 cell, the rate of cell multiplication increased by 3% in consistency to 100ppm of DG compared to the untreated control group and in more than the 200 ppm consistency, cell toxicity was occurred.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1-29
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• 2014

Objectives Dictamni Radicis Cortex extracts (DRC) has been known to suppress allergic reaction, however the cellular target of DRC and its mode of action remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Dictamni Radicis Cortex extracts on DNCB induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions of NC/Nga mouse. Methods This study was designed to investigate the effects of DRC extract in the DNP-IgE-induced activation of MC/9 murine mast cell lines in vitro and in the DNCB-induced activation of NC/Nga mouse in vivo. For this investigation, We examined IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, TNF-${\alpha}$ and GM-CSF mRNA expression by Real-time PCR, IL-13, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ production by ELISA analysis and manifestations of NFAT1, NFAT2, AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 transcription factors by western blotting in vitro. Then, we examined WBC, eosinophil and neutrophil in NC/Nga mouse, IL-5, IL-13 in serum, IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-4 in the spleenocyte culture supernatant, the absolute cell numbers of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $^+Gr-1^+CD11b$, $B220^+CD23^+$ in the ALN, PBMCs and dorsal skin, IL-5, IL-13 in the dorsal skin by Real-time PCR and the distribution of mast cells by H&E and toluidine blue. Results In vitro the mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, TNF-${\alpha}$, GM-CSF and IL-13, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ production by ELISA analysis were completely abolished by DRC and the western blot analysis decreased the expression of mast cell-specific transcription factors including NFAT-1, NF-${\kappa}B$ p65. In vivo DRC oral adminstration also decreased the counts of WBC, eosinophils and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-13 and IgE in the serum. DRC oral adminstration elevated IL-4 level in the spleenocyte culture supernatant. DRC oral adminstration decreased total ALN cells, total skin cells, cell numbers of $CD4^+$, $B220^+CD23^+$ in the ALN, $^+Gr-1^+CD11b$ in the PBMCs and $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$ in the dorsal skin. The mRNA expression of IL-5, IL-13, thickness of epidermis, inflammation immune cells and mast cells were abolished by DRC in the dorsal skin. Conclusions Histological examination showed that infiltration levels of immune cells in the skin of AD-induced NC/Nga mouse were much improved by DRC oral adminstration. These results, therefore, suggest that DRC can regulate molecular mediators and immune cells that are functionally associated with atopic dermatitis induced in NC/Nga mouse, and may play an important role in recovering AD symptoms.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.96-101
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• 2015

Purpose: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory relapsing skin disorder. Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in the development of AD, and interleukin (IL) 31 is known to be related to pruritus in AD. The aim of our study was to determine whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels are related to IL-31 levels or to the severity of AD. Methods: We enrolled 91 children with AD and 32 control subjects without history or symptoms of allergic diseases. Blood was drawn to evaluate complete blood cell count, total eosinophil count (TEC), and total IgE, specific IgE to common allergens, 25(OH)D, and IL-31 levels. Serum 25(OH)D and IL-31 levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The scoring atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) index was used to evaluate the severity of AD. Results: The mean 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in the AD group than in the control group; 25(OH)D decreased greatly in the moderate and severe AD groups compared with the mild AD group. Children with atopic sensitization showed significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than nonatopic children. However, serum IL-31 levels were not related to AD group, SCORAD index, or 25(OH)D levels. The SCORAD index was inversely correlated with serum 25(OH)D level and positively correlated with TECs and total IgE levels. Children with moderate and severe AD had significantly higher TECs than children with mild AD. Conclusion: Vitamin D is related to the severity of AD independently of IL-31.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.149-165
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• 2000

As recent developments of Immunology and Nuclear medicine, serum IgE and IgG values are helpful in the diagnosis and evaluation of the therapeutic effects of nasal allergies. But in Korea, air pollution and the increased use of food additives have become leading factors in nasal allergies, It seems to be induced by environmental change, especially industrialization and urbanization, so allergic rhinitis in our environment has changed in accordance with the changes made in the living environment. Therefore this study is attempted in order to observe a clinical analysis which places more importance on allergic rhinitis. We studied 200 patients who had visited Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center with allergic rhinitis from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 1999 The results were as follows: 1. The sex distribution was 114 males(57%) and 86 females(43%). In age distribution, the average age was 25. In males, ages ranged from 3 to 66 years old and the average was 23.81. In females, ages ranged from 4 to 67 years old and the average was 28.57. The peak age was 30～39 years old(24%); under 9 years old and 10～19 years old were each 18%; 20～29 years old was 22%; 40～49 years old was 11 %; over 50 years old 6.5%. The gulf between males and females showed a statistically significant difference(P<0.025). 2. In the age of onset, male' s maximum was 62.5, minimum was 0.25; female s maximum was 59.5, minimum was 0.2. Under 9 years old was the most with 34%(male 24%, female 10%), 10～19 years old was 18%, 20～29 years old was 22.5%, 30～39 years old was 13.50%, over 40 years old was 12%, The gulf between males and females were showed statistically significant difference.(p<0.014) 3. The average duration of the disease was 5.67 years. In male and female, the maximum was 30, the minimum was 0.05; under 5 years old was the most with 62%(male 34.50%, female 27.50%); 6～10 years old was 23%. So, under 10 years old was 85%. There was no statistically significant difference in the duration of disease. 4. Regarding type of residence, 47.50% of patients with allergic rhinitis lived in apartments, 52.50% lived in houses. In males, 29.50% lived in apartments, 27.50% lived in houses. In females, 18% lived in apartments, 25% lived in houses. There was no statistically significant difference in the residence by T-test and chi-test. 5. In the distribution of season, spring is the most with 29.5% of patients, winter 28%, fall 25.5%, and summer 17%. But there was no statistically significant difference. 6. After observing 200 patients with allergic rhinitis, classifying main symptoms into 5 types, sneezing was the main symptom in 177cases(88.50%), nasal obstruction in 176cases(88%), rhinorrhea in 169cases(84.5%), post nasal discharge in 87cases(43.50%), and itching in I04cases(52%). The Cumulus ration is 98.50% and symptoms overlapped with an average 3.57±0.1 times but in an analysis of variance of these symptoms, the gulf between males and females was not recognized as statistically significant by T-test and ANOVA. 7. Patients whose families have allergic diseases account for 90 cases(45%) : 49cases(24.50%) male and 41cases(20.50%) female. There were 4 cases (71.11 %) whose families have allergic rhinitis, 9cases(10%) of asthma, and 7.78% with allergic dermatitis. There were 61 (67.80%) cases of patients whose parents have allergic diseases; cases wherein the patient s child had allergic diseases numbered 13 (14.45%); and cases with a sibling with allergic diseases totalled 16cases (17.80%). There was no statistically significant difference in allergic disease regarding sex, parents, or siblings by chi-test. 8. Blood type: For males, type A is the most common, with 37cases(18.5%), followed by type B with 32cases(16%), type O 28cases(l4%) and type AB 13cases(6.5%). For females, type B is the most common, with 30cases(15%), followed by type O with 23cases(l1.5%), type A with 18cases(9%) and type AB with 13cases(6.5%). There was no statistically significant difference in blood type by chi-test. 9. In the selection of prefered food, most patients prefer cool food, with 98 such cases(49%), tepid food in 54cases(27%) and warm food in 48cases(24%). These showed a statistically significant difference in the selection of prefered food between males and females by chi-test(p<0.009). 10. The state of Past History was classified into II types. chronic hypertrophic rhinitis is the most common with 11cases (18.64%), tonsil and adenoid hypertrophy is 8cases(l3.56%), sinusitis is 6cases(10.17%), nasal septum deviation is 4cases, nasal polyp is 2cases, others are 10cases(l6.95%). No statistically significant difference in past history between males and females was shown, but a statistically significant difference was shown when males and females were compared with total cases by T-test(p<0.002, P<0.0008). 11. Regarding complications, 37 patients (28.91%) had sinusitis: 22cases(17.19%) in male, 15cases(11.72%) in female. Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis was found in 15cases(11.72%). Others are under 10%. There was no statistically significant difference in the type of complications between males and females, but a statistically significant difference was shown when males and females were compared with total cases by T-test(P<0.00l, P<0.007). 12. In the treatment, medication was used 1691 times, an average of 2.58 times. No.34 was used 370 times for 124 cases, an average of 2.98 times. No. 152 was used 318 times for 106 cases, an average of 3.00 times. No.151 was used 307 times for 97cases, an average of 3.16 times. No. 31 was used 117 times for 33 cases, an average of 3.55 times. No 25 was used 116 times for 33 cases, an average of 3.52 times. 13. In the duration of treatment, the most frequent is 1 week(69cases, 34.50%), the maximum is 20weeks, and the minimum is 1week. A treatment period of 2～3 weeks accounted for 32% of cases, a period of 4～5weeks accounted for 13.5%. The gulf between males and females showed a statistically significant difference in the duration of treatment.(p<0.01). There was a statistical significance when the males were compared with total cases by ANOVA(P<0.03). 14. A comparison between before-treatment and after-treatment showed a statistically significant difference in treatment by T-test (p<0.01) and F-test (p<0.0058).