• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.183-187
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• 2000

The present study was performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of white and red ginseng extracts against cancer cells in vitro. We also examined the effects of those ginseng extracts on the cell cycle by using flow cytometry. We divided each white and red ginseng into two parts, main body and rhizome, and tested the cytotoxicity of each fraction against various mouse-originated cancer cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages. The red ginseng was more cytotoxic to the cancer cells in comparison with white ginseng, and the rhizome fractions were more cytotoxic than the mainbody fractions in the both of white and red ginseng. Among the cells tested, RAW264.7 cancer cells were most sensitive to all the ginseng fractions. In cell cycle analysis, all the fractions of white and red ginseng arrested the cell cycle at G$_2$/M phase.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.611-616
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• 2011

Red-orange phosphors $Gd_{1-x}PO_4:{Eu_x}^{3+}$ (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) were synthesized with changing the concentration of $Eu^{3+}$ ions using a solid-state reaction method. The crystal structures, surface morphology, and optical properties of the ceramic phosphors were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectrophotometry. The XRD results were in accordance with JCPDS (32-0386), and the crystal structures of all the red-orange phosphors were found to be a monoclinic system. The SEM results showed that the size of grains increases and then decreases as the concentration of $Eu^{3+}$ ionincreases. As for the PL properties, all of the ceramic phosphors, irrespective of $Eu^{3+}$ ion concentration, had orange and red emissions peaks at 594 nm and 613 nm, respectively. The maximum excitation and emission spectra were observed at 0.10 mol of $Eu^{3+}$ ion concentration, just like the grain size. An orange color stronger than the red means that $^5D_0{\rightarrow}^7F_1$ (magnetic dipole transition) is dominant over the $^5D_0{\rightarrow}^7F_2$ (electric dipole transition), and $Eu^{3+}$ is located at the center of the inversion symmetry. These properties contrasted with those of a red phosphor $Y_{1-x}PO_4:{Eu_x}^{3+}$, which has a tetragonal system. Therefore, we confirm that the crystal structure of the host material has a major effect on the resulting color.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate growth characteristics of paprika seedlings according to various qualities of LED light (red : blue = 10 : 0, red : blue = 8 : 2, red : blue = 2 : 8, white). Plant height and stem were significantly longer or thicker as red light ratio increased. Leaf area of paprika seedlings with red light was larger or no significant differences in a mixed light of red and blue. Dry weight of seedling was in the same with the result of leaf area. Seedlings with White light was significantly less than others in all characteristics. As red light ratio was increased, relative growth rate increased. As blue light ratio was increased, the net assimilation amount increased. Considering plant height, leaf area and production ability of dry matter per unit leaf area, the using mixed red and blue lights was suitable, especially at a mixed red : blue = 8 : 2.

• ALGAE
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.279-288
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• 2014

Red algal parasites are common within red algae and are mostly closely related to their hosts, but have a reduced habit. In the past, red algal parasites, due to their reduced morphology, have been given distinct generic names, even though they are often phylogenetically nested in their host's genus. This is a problem nomenclaturally for maintenance of a taxonomy based on monophyly. This study investigates the morphology, genetic variation and distribution of an undescribed red algal parasite growing on its host Rhodophyllis membranacea, widely distributed throughout New Zealand. Microscopy, molecular markers (plastid, mitochondrial, nuclear), and herbarium investigation were used to investigate this species. The parasite is widely distributed throughout New Zealand. All molecular markers clearly show that the parasite is almost identical to the host, even though morphologically quite distinct from members of the host genus. We believe that to maintain monophyly of Rhodophyllis the parasite should be described as a new species of Rhodophyllis, Rhodophyllis parasitica sp. nov. We also recommend that in order to maintain generic monophyly most red algal parasite genera should also be transferred to their host genus.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.337-352
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• 2005

In this paper, a fuzzy logic implementation of the random early detection (RED) mechanism [1] is presented. The main objective of the proposed fuzzy controller is to reduce the loss probability of the RED mechanism without any change in channel utilization. Based on previous studies, it is clear that the performance of RED algorithm is extremely related to the traffic load as well as to its parameters setting. Using fuzzy logic capabilities, we try to dynamically tune the loss probability of the RED gateway. To achieve this goal, a two-input-single-output fuzzy controller is used. To achieve a low packet loss probability, the proposed fuzzy controller is responsible to control the $max_{p}$ parameter of the RED gateway. The inputs of the proposed fuzzy controller are 1) the difference between average queue size and a target point, and 2) the difference between the estimated value of incoming data rate and the target link capacity. To evaluate the performance of the proposed fuzzy mechanism, several trials with file transfer protocol (FTP) and burst traffic were performed. In this study, the ns-2 simulator [2] has been used to generate the experimental data. All simulation results indicate that the proposed fuzzy mechanism out performs remarkably both the traditional RED and Adaptive RED (ARED) mechanisms [3]-[5].

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.1040-1043
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• 2000

The genomic mapping of Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus), local Village Chicken, and broiler was carried out by random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) technique. Two different sets of arbitrary primers were used (Operon OPA01-20 and Genemed GM01-50). All the genomes of the three species of chickens were amplified with OPA01-20 primers. The genomes of the Red Jungle Fowl and local Village Chicken were further amplified with GM01-50 primers. Analysis of the results based on band sharing (BS) and the molecular size of individually amplified DNA fragments showed that Red Jungle Fowl and local Village Chicken shared the species similarity of 66% with Operon primers 01-20, 64% between local Village Chicken and broiler, and 63% when DNA bands between Red Jungle Fowl and broiler were compared. With GM01-50, the BS between Red Jungle Fowl and local village chicken increased to 72%. The results showed that the local village chicken is more closely related to Red Jungle Fowl than to broiler in the genetic distance. On the other hand, broiler is 1% closer in genetic distance to local village chicken than to Red Jungle Fowl. The results also indicated that primers like OPA-7, 8 and 9 can be used as species specific DNA markers for these three species of chickens.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.11 no.3 s.26
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• pp.166-178
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• 2005

This study was conducted to develop a healthy and functional drink using red ginseng, maekmoondong and omija using Saengmaeksan. Since the red ginseng extract was used as a raw material, it was diluted from 1,000 to 1,500 times using distilled water and the highest sensory score was obtained when the red ginseng extract was diluted to 1,500 times. When the red ginseng extract was mired with omija and maekmoondong, there was no difference between the ratio of 1: 20 : 1, 1 : 21 : 1 and 1: 22: 1 (red ginseng : omija : maekmoondong). In case of sweetener, honey showed the highest sensory store compared to sucrose, pear extract apple extract, sucralose and aspartame. Additionally, the sweetness was evaluated using all sweeteners and 10 brix or 11 brix showed the highest sensory score. Therefore, red ginseng extract was first mixed with omija and maekmoondong in the ratio of 1 : 20 : 1, and distilled water was added to 1,500 times of the amount of red ginseng extract. Honey was finally added to the mixture to obtain 10 brix concentration and this was highly acceptable.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.425-430
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out to collect the Korean red rices and to evaluate them as useful germplasm, 1,113 lines of weedy red rices were collected from farmer's field of the Korean peninsula from 1988 to 1991. The collected red rices were classified into two groups : One was long grain type with length /width ratio of 3.01$\pm$0.11 in paddy rice and the other was short grain type with length /width ratio of 2.28$\pm$0.12. Among the collected red rices 289 lines were long grain type and 824 lines were short. The red rices of long grain type were distributed in Nagdong and Seomjin river vallies of the southern part of the Korean peninsula, and the short ones were distributed all around of the peninsula. Among the collected long grain type red rices, 90.8% was red and 9.2% was white, and among the short grain type 88.8% was red, 10.6% was brown and 0.6% was white in pericarp color. 9.3% of the long grain type and 30.7% of the short grain type of the Korean red rices reacted to phenol solution. In the short grain type, 4.3% was waxy grained, but no waxy line was found in the long grain type. All the long grained Korean red rice showed easy shattering and no awn, however in the short grained red rices, 85.2% showed easy shattering and 49.6% was awned.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.319-324
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• 1996

The functional properties of protein recovered from red crab (Chitinonecetes opiiie) processing in water (RCP) were examined and compared with those of soybean protein isolate at pH 2~10 in water and NaCl solu5ion. The solubilities of RCP and SPI were miniumu at pH 4, the isoelectric point and increased significantly at lower or higher than pH 4. Solubilities in NaCl solution for both proteins decreased with incr NaCl concentration increase at all pH ranges. Emulsion capacity for both proteins was also minimum at pH 4 and increased as protein concentration increased from 2 to 6%. Emulsion capacity of RCP was higher than these of SPI at pH 6∼10 and all protein concentrations. Emulsion stability showed a similar trend to that of emulsion capacity. RCP had higher oft absorption capacity and lower water absorption capacity than SPI.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.115.5-115
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• 2002

In this paper, we introduce a system that detects all kinds of violations at a street intersection such as red light running, speed violation, stop line violation and lane violation by tracking individual vehicles. Two cameras are used for defecting violations. One is an analog camera for real-time tracking and the other is a digital camera for license plate reading. This system is connected to the traffic signal system controller and monitors the red, arrow, yellow and green phases of an approach. Two loops in the road are used to detect vehicle approach and speed. The system takes pictures of all vehicles passing a second loop and tracks the vehicles until they go out a street intersection...