• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.5-13
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• 1971

Pot and paddy field tests were conducted to study red discoloration of rice var. IR 667 leaves with reference to the leading Korean native variety Jinhung and Paldal, with the following results: 1. Minor elements such as Mn, Fe, B, Al, Ca and Si had no influence on the discoloration, but a supply of various soluble nitrogen compounds completely restricted it. The more prosperous the growth of IR 667 with nitrogen, the more severe the discoloration appears when nitrogen absorptin becomes limited. 2. Chlorotic pigments extracted from both IR 667 and Jinhung were compared spectrophotometrically, and found to have different spectral peaks. IR 667 had peak closer to red than Jinhung, indicating the characteristic of the variety. IR 667 was observed to be more sensitive to nitrogen deficiency than Jinhung or the other japonica variety. 3. It was concluded that all the factors limiting nitrogen supply for IR 667 growth, such as low nitrogen application, restriction of root respiration (low temperature, poor drainage, toxic gases or substances in the root zone, etc.) and pest injuries, would result in the appearance of the so-called red discoloration, because of the reduction in nitrogen uptake. Since, the discoloration of IR 667 is varietal characteristic when grown in Korea, control of it may be beneficial cultural practice in increasing grain yield, although the increased succeptibility to pests and a drop in the rate of maturity due to relatively high nitrogen level in the leaves may result in an unexpected drop in yield. It is anticipated that further exploration conducted from practical point of view will establish the relatioknships between the extent of red discoloration, nitrogen availability and grain yield in IR 667.

• ALGAE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 2013

This review provides a comprehensive summary of the PCR primers and profiles currently in use in our laboratory for red algal DNA barcoding and phylogenetic research. While work focuses on florideophyte taxa, many of the markers have been applied successfully to the Bangiales, as well as other lineages previously assigned to the Bangiophyceae sensu lato. All of the primers currently in use with their respective amplification profiles and strategies are provided, which can include full fragment, overlapping fragments and what might best be called "informed overlapping fragments", i.e., a fragment for a marker is amplified and sequenced for a taxon and those sequence data are then used to identify the best primers to amplify the remaining fragment(s) for that marker. We extend this strategy for the more variable markers with sequence from the external PCR primers used to "inform" the selection of internal sequencing primers. This summary will hopefully serve as a useful resource to systematists in the red algal community.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2012

Improvement of plant growth by Methylotrophic bacteria can be influenced through alterations in growth modulating enzymes or hormones, especially by decreasing ethylene levels enzymatically by 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase or by production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). In this study, the effect of seven strains of Methylobacterium on seedling ethylene emission of tomato and red pepper plants was evaluated under greenhouse condition. Ethylene emission was lowest in Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 inoculated tomato plants and CBMB110 inoculated red pepper plants at 47 days after sowing (DAS). However, at 58 DAS all inoculated plants showed almost similar pattern of ethylene emission. Methylobacterium inoculated tomato and red pepper plants showed significantly less ethylene emission compared to control. Our results demonstrated that Methylobacterium spp. inoculation promotes plant growth due to the reduction of ethylene emission and therefore can be potentially used in sustainable agriculture production systems.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.193-197
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• 2012

$Gd_{1-x}VO_4:{Eu_x}^{3+}$ red phosphors were synthesized with changing the concentration of $Eu^{3+}$ ion by using a solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure, surface morphology, and photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation properties of the red phosphors were measured by using X-ray diffractometer, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, and florescence spectrometer, respectively. The XRD results showed that the main peak of all the phosphor powders occurs at (200) plane. As for the photoluminescence properties, the maximum excitation spectrum occurred at 306 nm due to the charge transfer band from ${VO_4}^{3-}$ to $Eu^{3+}$ ions and the maximum emission spectrum was the red luminescence peaking at 619 nm when the concentration of $Eu^{3+}$ ion was 0.10 mol.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 1990

Hemoglobin was purified from the outdated human red blood cells. Phospholipids were purified from egg yolk and stored in chloroform. The artificial red blood cells (hemosome) were prepared by encapsulation of hemoglobin with phospholipid mutilayer using rotary vacuum evaporator. The shape and size of hemosomes were measured by phase contrast microscope and image analyzer. The function of hemosomes was tested by measuring oxygen dissociation curve using blood gas analyzer. In order to test whether hemosomes are useful as blood substitute they were infused into rats of which one third of total blood were drawn. The results obtained are summarized at followings. 1) Hemosomes were spherical shape and their mean diameter was 0.7 um. 2) Oxygen dissociation curve of hemosomes showed the same figure as that of normal red blood cells. 3) All rats given 1/3 transfusion with hemosomes survived until sacrificed whereas three of four rats given 1/3 transfusion with saline died within 1 hour and the rest of them died within 24 hours.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 1988

Samples of red ginseng, which had been manufactured and packaged by the Korean Monopoly Corporation, were stored at ambient temperatures and humidities ($12{\sim}28^{\circ}$ and $55{\sim}68$ percent) for one to nine years to examine their overall quality stability. The proximate compositions, contents of 50% ethanol and water extracts of the samples and the TLC and HPLC patterns of ginsenosides in the samples remained almost unchanged in all cases. The lipids and fatty acids in the samples, which are otherwise susceptible to oxidation, were stable judged on the basis of the changes of the TLC and GLC patterns of the lipids and fatty acids. It was also found that polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic(C18:2) and linolenic and(C18:3) present in the samples had been very stable during the long storage periods. It, therefore, seems that the autoxidations of the lipid and fatty acids of red ginseng were prevented by antioxidative compounds which will be progressively formed in red ginseng through non-enzymatic browning reactions during manufacturing process and long-term storage.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.93-102
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• 2007

Biocomposite was organized with biodegradable polymer and natural fiber that has potential to be used as replacement for glass fiber reinforced polymer composite with the benefits of low cost, low density, acceptable specific strength, biodegradability, etc. Until now, non-wood fibers have been used as reinforcements of biocomposite which are all plant-based fibers. The present study focused on investigating the fabrication and characterization of biocomposite reinforced with red algae fiber. The bleached red algae fiber(BRAF) showed very similar crystallinity to the cellulose. It has high stability against thermal degradation (maximum thermal decomposition temperature of 359.3$^{\circ}C$) and thermal expansion. Biocomposites reinforced with BRAF have been fabricated by a compression molding method and their mechanical and thermal properties have been studied. The storage modulus and the thermomechanical stability of PBS matrix are markedly improved with reinforcing the BRAF. These results support that the red algae fiber can be used as an excellent reinforcement of biocomposites as "green-composite" or "eco-composite".

• ALGAE
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.433-443
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• 2006

This study was performed to understand the morphological and ecological characteristics of Peridinium bipes var. occultatum Lindem., which is the organism responsible for freshwater red tides in Sangsa dam and Miryang dam reservoirs. The samples were collected from April to July 2004 when the freshwater red tides occurred. In the study, we were able to differentiate P. bipes var. occultatum from P. bipes, a closely related species, by its smaller antapical horn size. In Miryang dam reservoir the red tide occurred only within the area of the upstream, but it was well developed in all of the water area in Sangsa dam reservoir. In 2004 average LTSI (Lake Trophic Status Index; Yang and Dickman, 1993) of Miryang dam reservoir was 3.53 of mesotrophic state and Sangsa dam reservoir was 8.59 of eutrophic state. It was determined, through culture experiments under various conditions that vitamins, trace elements, phosphorus and nitrogen were important contributing factors to the growth of P. bipes var. occultatum. A rapid toxic effect of P. bipes var. occultatum on aquatic organisms such of Daphnia magna and Oryzias latipes was not identified in this study.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2018

This study examined the expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in red seabream Pagrus major infected by the, acanthocephalan parasites Longicollum pagrosomi. We cloned the full-length Hsp70 cDNA from the liver of the red seabream. The full-length cDNA had a 1,950 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encoded a protein of 650 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of Hsp70 contained all of the conserved Hsp70 family signature sequences and an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding motif, including the EEVD (consensus sequence that terminates in Hsp70 family) consensus sequence. The expression of Hsp70 mRNA was upregulated int the fish head-kidney and liver, as determined by quantitative real-time PCR. We quantified the Hsp70 mRNA expression in normal red seabream and fish infected fish by L. pagrosomi. The expression of Hsp70 mRNA was significantly higher in the infected red seabream. These results suggest that Hsp70 play a role of protection against stress and inflammation caused by the parasite and may help maintain homeostasis.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 1970

1. The yeasts in the two samples of Nuruk (mold wheat) which one prepared at the College of Agriculture, Choong-Nam University (S) and the other purchased at a market(T), were examined and counted. The yeasts were differe entiated by the market (T), were examined and counted. The yeasts were differe entiated by the TTC(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride)agar overlay technique that yields a varied shade of color. The results were : the population of yeasts in 1g of Nuruk S was about $6{\times}10^4$, 56.5% of which were TTC-pink yeasts, 16% TTC-red pink yeasts, 8% were TTC-red yeasts, and 16.5% TTC-white yeasts. In Nuruk T(1g), the number of yeasts accounted for $14{\times}10^4$ and constituted of 42% TTC0pink, 21% TTC-red pink, 23% TTC-red and 9% TTC-white. 2. During the fermentation of Takju (Korean Sake) employing the Nuruk S and T the yeast flora throughout the brewing were observed in 12 hour intervals. TTC pink and red yeasts considered to be the major yeasts were isolated all cultured. The strains ($1{\times}10^5$/ml) were added to the mashes S and T in which pH was adjusted to 4.2 and the change of yeast flora was examined during fermentation.