• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 1996

The yields of solvent fraction of irradiated red ginseng powder were increased in the order of petroleum ether(PE)

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.329-333
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• 2003

Fruits of 'Manita', a red pepper cultivar, and 'HL', a cultivar bred for single-harvest, cultivated by direct sowing method were harvested simultaneously. The red fruits were freeze-, sun-, indoor-, hot-air $(65^{\circ}C)$, and excessive hot-air (50% longer time) dried. For Manita. ASTA values of freeze- and indoor-dried red pepper were the highest $(153.6{\sim}168.4)$, and those of sun- and hot air-dried ones were $119.2{\sim}131.5$. Excessive hot-air drying decreased the redness by about $9{\sim}15%$ compared to normal hot-air drying. For HL, ASTA values $(150.3{\sim}171.7)$ of indoor-dried red peppers were much higher than other dried peppers. Red pigment in HL was destroyed easily during sun drying, showing values of only $49.2{\sim}69.2$. By excessive hot-air drying, the redness did not decrease, compared to normal hot-air drying. The organic acid contents of both cultivars were higher in sun- and hot-air-dried ones than freeze- and indoor-dried ones. Copsaicinoid contents of both cultivars decreased up to 22% by excessive hot-air drying compared to normal hot-air drying. Sugar contents were lower in all drying methods other than freeze drying for both cultivars.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.449-459
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• 1995

To investigate the relationship between recurrent aphthous ulcer and oral mucosal keratinization, exfoliative cytology in buccal mucosa, lip mucosa, tongue mucosa were performed on 25 recurrent aphthous ulcer patients and 25 controls whose age ranged from 10 to 65. Keratinization cell ratio was then measured. The results were as follows : 1. Yellow cell ratio in the control group was more than that in the patient group in buccal mucosa, lip mucosa, tongue mucosa. Red cell ratio in the control group was more than that in the patient group in lip mucosa. Blue cell ratio in the patient group was more than that in control group in all regions( p(0.01) 2. In the comparison by sex, the patient group showed no significant difference in all site but, the control group showed different results according to the site; males were more than females in yellow cell, but less than females in red cell Females were more than males in yellow cell, but less than males in red cell. 3. In the comparison by age, patient group showed no significant difference in all site, but the control group showed significantly high yellow cell ratio in buccal and tongue mucosa over the age of 50. In conclusion, there was close relationship between recurrent aphthous ulcer and decreased oral mucosal keratinization. In other words, reduced oral mucosal keratinization must be recommended for prevention of recurrent aphthous ulcer.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1995

Alternaria alternata and A. solani were identified from 130 Alternaria isolates obtained from red pepper fruits, and three species including A. alternata, A. sesami and A. sesamicola were detected from 150 isolates from sesame seeds. Among the 4 Alternaria species, A. alternata was the predominant fungus from both plants, having incidence of 95.4% in red pepper and 56.0% in sesame. Of the total 280 isolates, cultures on autoclaved rice of 75 isolates were tested for toxicity to 21-day-old virgin female rats. Out of 50 isolates of A. alternata, 17 were lethal to rats, inducing congestion and hemorrhage of stomach and intestine and kidney enlargement, and 8 caused lack of weight gain or weight loss. The other 25 isolates of A. alternat and all the isolates of A. sesami, A. sesamicola and A. solani, showed no significant indication of toxicity. Production of mycotoxins in the rice cultures of the above 75 isolates belonging to 4 species was analyzed. Alternaria cultures were extracted with methanol and purified by using solvent partition, thin-layer chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. Of the four species tested, all produced alternariol (AOH) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), three (A. alternata, A. sesami and A. sesamicola) produced alternuene (ALT) and altertoxin-I (ATX-I), and only A. alternata produced tenuazonic acid (TA). TA was produced by all of the highly toxic (lethal to rats) isolates of A. alternata, but not by any nontoxic isolates.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.363-370
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• 2012

Some physicochemical characteristics like nutritional values, sugar content, and fatty acid composition (FAs) in fruits of four papaya (Carica papaya L.) cultivars ('Red Lady', 'Sunrise Solo', 'Tainung', and 'BH-65') grown under plastic greenhouse conditions in the Mediterranean region of Turkey were evaluated. The chemical characteristics, except acidity in the fruits, significantly varied among the cultivars. Nitrogen (N) was the most abundant mineral in all papaya cultivars and ranged from $0.80\;g{\cdot}100\;g^{-1}$ in 'Red Lady' to $1.28\;g{\cdot}100\;g^{-1}$ in 'BH-65' in fresh weight. Potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) were found the highest amount in dry weight. Glucose and fructose were identified as the main sugars in all cultivars. Sucrose was in trace amounts in the three cultivars, but not detectable in cultivar 'Red Lady'. Twenty-five FAs were detected in the papaya fruits. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were found to be in a highest amounts compared to the saturated fatty acid (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1), and linoleic (C18:2n6) acids were the major fatty acids detected in all cultivars. The results of this study implied that dietary intake of papayas may supply substantial nutrient components necessary for human health.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.184-188
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• 2010

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of red pepper seeds powder on lipid metabolism in rats fed high fat high cholesterol diet. Rats were divided into five experimental groups: normal diet group, high fat high cholesterol diet group, high fat high cholesterol diet with 5% red pepper seeds powder supplemented group (SA group), high fat high cholesterol diet with 10% red pepper seeds powder supplemented group (SB group) and high fat high cholesterol diet with 15% red peeper seeds powder supplemented group (SC group). The serum triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol contents, and LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index (AI) of the red pepper seed powder supplemented groups were significantly decreased compared to the HF group. The serum HDL-cholesterol contents of the red pepper seed powder supplemented groups were increased compared to the HF group. However, there was no significant difference in the serum HDL-cholesterol among all experimental groups. The hepatic TG and cholesterol contents of the red pepper seed powder supplemented groups were significantly decreased compared to the HF group. The fecal total cholesterol and triglyceride contents of the red pepper seeds powder supplemented groups were significantly increased compared to the HF group. These results suggest that supplementation of red pepper seed powder may have a pronounced impact on markers of lipid metabolism in serum and liver of rats fed high fat high cholesterol diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.1521-1527
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• 2019

Objective: To study the contribution of plant enzyme and microbial activities on protein degradation in silage, this study evaluated the nitrogen transformation dynamics during ensiling of non- and irradiated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Methods: Alfalfa and red clover silages were prepared and equally divided into two groups. One group was exposed to ${\gamma}$-irradiation at a recommended dosage (25 Gky). Therefore, four types of silages were produced: i) non-irradiated alfalfa silage; ii) irradiated alfalfa silage; iii) non-irradiated red clover silage; and iv) irradiated red clover silage. These silages were opened for fermentation quality and nitrogen components analyses after 1, 4, 8, and 30 days, respectively. Results: The ${\gamma}$-irradiation successfully suppressed microbial activity, indicated by high pH and no apparent increases in fermentation end products in irradiated silages. All nitrogen components, except for peptide-N, increased throughout the ensiling process. Proteolysis less occurred in red clover silages compared with alfalfa silages, indicated by smaller (p<0.05) increment in peptide-N and free amino acid N (FAA-N) during early stage of ensiling. The ${\gamma}$-irradiation treatment increased (p<0.05) peptide-N and FAA-N in alfalfa silage at day 1, whereas not in red clover silage; these two nitrogen components were higher (p<0.05) between day 4 and day 30 in non-irradiated silages than the irradiated silages. The ammonia nitrogen and non-protein nitrogen were highest in non-irradiated alfalfa silage and lowest in irradiated red clover silage after ensiling. Conclusion: The result of this study indicate that red clover and alfalfa are two forages varying in their nitrogen transformation patterns, especially during early stages of ensiling. Microbial activity plays a certain role in the proteolysis and seems little affected by the presence of polyphenol oxidase in red clover compared with alfalfaa.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2009

홍삼의 여성성기능 장애 개선과 건강관련 삶의 질 개선 효과를 규명하기 위해 성기능 저하를 호소하는 만 30세 이상 45세 미만의 기혼여성을 대상으로 6주간의 기본 투약기간을 두 번 거친 총 20주 동안의 교차 임상시험을 진행한 결과 대상자들 모두에서 성기능 개선과 일반적 건강수준 향상, 삶의 질 개선 효과가 나타났으나 홍삼과 대조약의 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 특히 대부분의 유효성 평가 항목들이 대상약에 상관없이 1차 투약에서 좀 더 개선되는 양상을 보였고, 홍삼과 대조약의 효과가 크게 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 성욕 (desire)의 경우는 모든 대상자에서 홍삼을 복용한 경우가 대조약을 복용한 경우보다 좀 더 개선되는 양상을 보였으며, 일반적 건강수준과 삶의 질 개선에 있어서는 특히 신체적 기능 (PF)이 정신적 요소보다 홍삼을 복용한 경우에 좀 더 개선되는 양상을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 정서적 반응에 의해 높은 변동을 보일 수 있는 대상 질환의 특성 상대조약의 높은 위약효과에 의해 홍삼의 유의한 효과가 가려졌음에도 불구하고 홍삼의 보기온양 (補氣溫陽)하는 효과가 실제적으로 발휘된 것으로 생각되었으며, 신체적 건강수준 개선과 더불어 홍삼에 일정한 성기능 개선 효과가 있음을 유추할 수 있게 하였다. 따라서 본 연구 방법을 토대로 향후 성기능장애와 같은 기능성 장애에 대한 강한 위약 효과를 고려한 좀 더 많은 수의 대상자를 포함한 장기간의 추가 임상 시험 연구가 이루어진다면 신체적 건강과 삶의 질, 그리고 성기능 개선에 관한 홍삼의 유의한 효과를 규명할 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2014

본 시험은 육계에 홍삼박과 겨우살이를 급여하여 5주간 사육한 육계의 생산성과 계육의 일반 성분, 혈액 성상, pH, TBARS, 보수성, 전단력 및 육색을 조사하였다. 실험구는 홍삼박과 겨우살이를 급여하지 않은 처리구를 대조구, 홍삼박 0.5% 급여구는 T1, 홍삼박 1% 급여구는 T2, 겨우살이 0.5% 급여구는 T3, 그리고 겨우살이 1% 급여구를 T4 등 4개 처리구로 나누어 사양하였다. 육계의 생산성은 처리구간 유의적인 변화는 없었고, 폐사율은 대조구보다 홍삼박과 겨우살이 급여구에서 낮아졌다(P<0.05). 계육의 수분, 조단백질 및 조회분 등의 일반 성분은 유의성이 없었으며, 조지방은 홍삼박과 겨우살이 급여구에서 낮았다. 육계의 혈액 성상 중 총 콜레스테롤과 LDL-cholesterol 함량은 대조구보다 홍삼박과 겨우살이 급여구에서 감소하였고, HDL-cholesterol은 증가하였으며, triglyceride와 glucose 함량은 유의한 변화가 없었다. TBARS는 대조구보다 홍삼박과 겨우살이 급여구에서 유의하게 낮아, 육계의 저장성 개선에 도움이되리라 생각된다. 육색은 CIE $L^*$값과 CIE $b^*$값은 홍삼박과 겨우살이 급여에 의한 변화는 없었지만, CIE $a^*$값은 T4에서 증가하였다. 결론적으로 홍삼박과 겨우살이를 급여하면 육계의 폐사율이 낮아지고, 총콜레스테롤과 LDL-cholesterol 함량이 감소하며, HDL-cholesterol이 증가함으로 혈액성상을 개선할 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.174-182
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• 2018

Background: In this study, we observed their growth and physiological responses using a variety of duty ratio under the mixed light using red, blue, and white lights. The red+blue mixed light was treated with 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, and 75% duty ratios and red+blue+white mixed light with 85% and 70% duty ratios. We examined the width and length of leaves, total number of leaves, and number of shoots to examine their growth responses. The physiological responses were studied by measuring their photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, chlorophyll content, and fluorescence ($F_o$, $F_m$, and $F_v/F_m$). Results: We found that lower duty ratio caused the length and width of the leaves to grow longer under red+blue mixed light but that it did not cause any difference in the red+blue+white mixed light condition. In addition, there was no difference in the number of leaves and shoots among all treatments. In the red+blue mixed light condition, the photosynthetic rate was no difference, but both transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were the highest at 95% duty ratio than in other ratios. Water use efficiency pattern was similar to that of photosynthetic rate; water use efficiency was no difference. Chlorophyll content was the highest at 95% duty ratios, and it was the least at 90%, 85%, and 75% duty ratio. $F_o$ and $F_m$ values were relatively high at 85% and 80% duty ratio and low at 90% duty ratio while $F_v/F_m$ showed no difference. Conclusions: Under the red+blue+white mixed light, all physiological items showed no difference between 70 and 85% treatments. But, photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, chlorophyll content, and $F_v/F_m$ were relatively greater in the red+blue+white mixed light than in the red+blue mixed light. Therefore, red+blue+white mixed light treated with 70% duty ratio could lessen the environmental stress and save more power when cultivating Silene capitata in a plant factory.